LEARNING MODULE 3.
2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
CHAPTER 3. 2 : GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
Contents Page
3.2.1 CONCEPT MAP (GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE) 2
3.2.2 IDENTIFY CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOMETRIC 3
SEQUENCE
3.2.3 DETERMINE WHETHER A GIVEN SEQUENCE IS A 4
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
3.2.4 DETERMINE BY USING FORMULA 6
a) specific terms in geometric sequence
b) The number of terms in geometric sequence
3.2.5 FIND
6
a) The sum of the first n terms of of geometric
Sequence
b) The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms
of geometric Sequence
c) The value of n ,given the sum of the first n terms
of geometric Sequence
3.2.6 FIND
a) The sum to infinty of geometric sequence 11
b) The first term or common ratio, given the sum to
infinity
3.2.7 SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLING GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
14
ENRICHMENT Questions 15
Assessment test 16
Answers 17
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
3.2.1 CONCEPT MAP(GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE)
SEQUENCE
GEOMETRIC
ARITHMETIC
SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE
THE n th TERM Tn
Tn = arn-1
.a = first term
.r = Common ratio
.n = number of terms
SUM OF THE FIRST n TERMS
Sn =
a (r n 1)
, r >1
THE r th TERM Tr
r 1
OR
a (1 r n ) T r = S r - S r 1
Sn = , r <1
1 r
SUM OF INFINITY
a
S∞ = , -1 < r < 1
1 r
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
SEQUENCE
( Geometric Sequence)
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
The sum of the first n term:
The nth term :
Sn = ______________
Tn = ___________
or
or
Sn = ______________
Tn = ___________
a = _______________ Fill in the
r = _______________ blank
l = _______________
n = _______________
3.2.2 Identify characteristics of geometric sequence:
EXERCISE 1:
Complete each of the sequence below when give a (fist term ) and r (common ratio) .
a r the first four terms of geometric sequence,
Example:
a) -3 2 -3, (-3)(2)1 = - 6, (-3)(2)2 = -12, (-3)(2)3 = -24
b) 3 -2
c) 4 3
d) -6 -2
1 1
e)
2 3
1 4
f) y y
3 3
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
3.2.3 Determine whether a given sequence is an geometric
sequence
EXERCISE 2 :
Example : .r = common ratio
a) -8, 4, -2,…… 4 1 2 1
.r = = , = (true)
8 2 4 2
b) 5, 11, 17, 23,…
c) 16, -8, 4,…..
d) -20, -50, -30, -35,…..
1 2 4
e) x, x, x……
3 9 27
f) a5, a4 b, a3 b2
1 1 1
g) , , ,….
4 12 36
1 1 1
h) , , ,…
27 9 3
EXERCISE 3 :
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
Given that the first three terms of a geometric sequence are below.
Find the value of x
Geometric sequence Value x
Example : x 4 2x 2
=
a) .x, x + 4, 2x + 2,… x x4
(x + 4)2 = x(2x + 2)
.x2 + 8x + 16 = 2x2 + 2x
0 = x2 – 6x – 19
0 = (x – 8)(x + 2)
.x – 8 = 0 @ x + 2 = 0
Hence x = 8 @ x = -2
b) x, x + 2 , x + 3
c) x + 3, 5x - 3, 7x + 3
e) x – 6, x, 2x + 16
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
3.2.4 Determine by using formula:
Tn = arn-1
EXERCISE 4:
3.2.4 (a) specific terms in arithmetic sequence
Example : 2. Find the 8 th term of the geometric
1. Find the 7 th term of the geometric sequence.
sequence. 16, -8, 4,…
- 8, 4 , -2 , …..
Solution:
4 1
a=-8 r= =
8 2
1 7-1
T7 = (-8)( )
2
1
=
8
3. For the geometric sequence 4. Find the 3 th term of the geometric
4 2 sequence
, , 1 , ….. ,find the 9 th term .
9 3 50, 40, 32…….
5. Find the 10 th term of geometric 6. Given that geometric sequence
sequence a5, a4 b, a3 5.6, 1.4, 0.35, ……
b2………… Find the 10th term.
3.2.4.(b) Find the number of terms of the arithmetic sequence
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
EXERCISE 5:
Example :
1 b) 2, -4, 8, ……512
a) 64, - 32, 16,…….-
8
1 1
Tn = - a = 64, r = -
8 2
1 n 1 1
64 =-
2 8
1 n 1 1 1
=
2 64 8
1 n 1 1 6 1
= 3
2 2 2
1 n 1 1 9
=
2 2
.n - 1 = 9
.n = 10
5 4 2 81
. c) 405, - 135, 45, …… - .d) , , 1…….. ,
27 9 3 16
3.2.5 Find
a) The sum of the first n terms of geometric sequence
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
b) The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms of geometric
sequence
c) The value of n , given the sum of the first n terms of geometric
sequence.
a (r n 1)
Sn = , r >1
r 1
OR
a (1 r n )
Sn = , r <1
1 r
3.2.5 (a) Find the sum of the first n terms of geometric sequence
EXERCISE 6:
Geometric sequence Find the sum of the first n term
Example :
2(1 ( 2) 7 )
a) 2, - 4, 8,………… S7 = = 86
1 ( 2)
4
a=2 r= = -2
2
b) 5, 10, 20……….. S8
c) 12, -6, 3……… S9
1 2 4 S6
d) x, x, x,….
3 9 27
3.2.5(b) The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms of geometric
sequence
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
EXERCISE 7:
Geometric sequence Find the sum of the first n term
Example 1 1
Tn =
64
1 1 1
.a) 4, 2, 1,………… 4 n 1
=
64 2 64
2 1
.a = 4 r= = 1 1 1
4 2 n 1
=
2 4 64
1 1 1
n 1
= 2 6
2 2 2
.n – 1 = 8
.n = 9
S9 =
4 1 1 / 2
9
= 7 63
1 1 / 2 64
2 1, 3, 9,……. 2187.
3
c) 24, 12, 6, …….
4
3.2.5(c) The value of n , given the sum of the first n terms of geometric
sequence.
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
Example :
1 27
.a) The first and 4th tems of a geometric sequence are and .
2 128
Find the value of r
Solution :
27
T4 =
128
1 3 27
(r ) =
2 128
27 2
(r 3 ) =
128 1
27 3
(r 3 ) = , Hence r =
64 4
1 1
b) The first and 6th tems of a geometric sequence are 2 and 607 .
2 2
Find the value of r
2 22
c) The common ratio and 5th tems of a geometric sequence are and 7 .
3 27
Find the value of a
EXERCISE 8 :
3.2.6 Find :
a) the sum to infinity of geometric sequence
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
b) the first term or common ratio, given the sum to infinity of
geometric sequence.
a S sum to infinity
S a = first term
1 r
r = common ratio
EXERCISE 9:
1. 24, 3.6, 0.54, …….
Find the sum to infinity of a given
geomertric sequence below:
Example:
2 2
6, 2, , ,.......
3 9
a=6
2 1 2. 81, -27,9, ……..
r
6 3
a
S
1 r
6
=
1
1- -
3
9
=
2 1 1 1
3. , , ,....... ..
2 4 8
EXERCISE 10:
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
1. The sum to infinity of a geometric 2. Given that the common ratio of
sequence is 200. Given that the 1
first geometric sequence is . The
25
term is 52. Find the common ratio. sum of the first n terms,where n is
large enough such that r n 0 is 75.
Find
the first term.
Example: 3. The sum to infinity of a geometric
The sum to infinity of a geometric sequence is 600 and the common
sequence is 8. Given that the first ratio is 0.4 . Find
term is 2. Find a) the first term
a) the common ratio b) the minimum number of
b) the third term terms such that the sum of
terms to be more then 599.
Solution:
a)
S 8
a
8
1 r
2
8
1 r
3
r=
4
b)
Tn ar n 1
31
3
=2
4
9
=
8
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
4. Express each of the recurring decimal below as a fraction in its simplest form.
Example: Example:
0.3…… 4.020202……
0.3…= 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 + ….. 4.020202... 4 0.02 0.0002 0.000002 ...
0.3 0.02
=4+
1 0.1 1-0.01
0.3 0.02
=4+
0.9 0.99
1 2
=4
3 99
a) 0.444……. c) 1.121212…..
b) 0.232323…… d) 5.070707…...
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
3.2.6 Solve problems involving geometric sequence:
EXERCISE 11:
Example: The price of a new car is RM45 000. If
A gardener has a task of cutting the the value of the car depreciates at a rate
grass of a lawn with an area of 1000 of 7% each year, find the value of the
m 2 .On the first day, he cut an area of car (to the nearest RM) after 12 years.
16m2 .On each successive day, he cuts
Solution:
an area times the area that he cut the
previous day the task is completed. Find
a) the area that is cut on the 10th day.
b) The number of the days needed to
complete the task.
Solution:
a) a=16 , r=1.1
Tn ar n 1
T10 16(1.1)9
= 37.73 m 2
b) Sn 1000
16 1.1n -1 1000
1.1-1
160(1.1n 1) 1000
1.1n 1 6.25
1.1n > 7.25
log 1.1n log 7.25
n log1.1 log 7.25
log7.25
n >
log1.1
n >20.79
The smallest integer value of n is 21
hence,the number of the days needed to complete
the task is 21 days.
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
ENRICHMENT QUESTIONS:
1. In a geometric sequence, the first term is 64 and the fourth term is 27.
Calculate
(a) the common ratio
(b) the sum to infinity of the geometric sequence.
4
2. Given a geometric sequence y, 2, , p,..... ,express p in terms of y.
y
3. Express the recurring decimal 0.969696……as a fraction in its simplest form.
4. Diagram 2 shows the arrangement of the first three of an infinite series of
similar triangles. The first triangle has a base of x cm and a height of y cm. The
measurements of the base and height of each subsequent triangle are half of
the measurements of its previous one.
y cm
xcm
Diagram 2
(a) Show that the areas of the triangles form a geometric sequence and state
the common ratio.
(b) Given that x= 80 cm and y= 40 cm,
1 2
(i) determine which triangle has an area of 6 cm ,
4
(ii) find the sum to infinity of the areas, in cm2 , of the triangles.
5. The first three terms of a sequence are 2 , x , 8
Find the positive value of x so that the sequence is
(a) an arithmetic sequence
(b) a geometric sequence
6 . An insurance representative made RM 30 000 her first year and RM60 000 her
seventh year. Assume that her annual salary figures form an arithmetic
sequence. Predict what she will make in her tenth year.
ASSESSMENT:
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
1. The first three terms of a geometric sequence are 2x + 3, x and x – 2 with a
common ratio r , where -1 < r < 1. Find the value of x.
2. In the sequence 5 , 10 , 20 , 40 , ……. Find the least number of
terms required such that their sum exceeds 1000.
3. The third term and the sixth term of a geometric sequence are
27 and 8 respectively. Find the second term.
4. The third term of a geometric sequence exceeds the second term
by 6 while the fourth term exceeds the third term by 2. Find the
sum of the first 5 terms.
ANSWERS:
EXERCISE 1: EXERCISE 2:
b) 3, 6, -12, 24 a) true
c) 4, 12, 36, 108 b) false
d) -6, 12, 124, 48 c) true
1 1 1 1 d) false
e) , , , e) true
2 6 18 54
y 4 y 2 16 y 3 64 y 4 f) true
f) , , , g) false
3 9 27 81 h) true
EXERCISE 3: EXERCISE 4:
b) x = -4 1
c) x = 3 1. T 7 = -
8
d) x = -12 @ x = 8 1
2. T 8 = -
2
26344
3. T 9 =
2304
4. T 3 = 32
b9
5. T 10 =
a4
6. T 10 = 0.000021
EXERCISE 5: EXERCISE 6:
b) n = 9 b) 275
c) n = 8 1
d) n = 7 c) 8
64
665
d)
729
EXERCISE 7: EXERCISE 8:
b) r = 3
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LEARNING MODULE 3.2 Geometric Sequence MISS JADE KMJ
c) n = 8, S 8 = 3280 c) a = 3
d) n = 9, S 9 = -1022
1
e) n = 6, S 6 = 47
4
EXERCISE 9: EXERCISE 10:
1. 28.24 2. r=0.74
3 3. a=72
2. 60 4. a) 360 b) 7
4
3. 1 4
a)
9
23
b)
99
5.
4
c) 1
33
7
d) 5
99
EXERCISE 11: ENRICHMENT QUESTION:
RM18837 3
1. a) r b) S 256
4
8
2. p 2
y
32
3.
33
1
4. a) r
4
1
b)i. n=5 ii. 2133
3
5. a) x=5 b) x=4
ASSESSMENT:
27
1. a) x=3 b)
2
2. 8
1
3. 40
2
1
4. 40
3
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