Ghazali Guess Chemistry 1 10th

    

Q.1 Write short answers of the following questions     
1. What are irreversible reactions? Give a few         .1

characteristics of them?
2. Define chemical equilibrium state.    .2
3. Give the characteristics of reversible reaction.       .3

4. How is dynamic equilibrium established?       .4
5. What at equilibrium state reaction does not stop?     .5
6. What is relationship between active mass and rate of       .6
reaction?
7. Name two acids used in the pH of pure water.  .7
     
  pH    pH .8

10
8. Define pH. What is the pH of pure water?
9. Na2SO4 is a neutral salt while NaHSO4 is an acid       NaHSO4    Na2SO4 .9

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salt, justify?  
10. Why a salt is neutral, explain with an example?
is    .10
m
  Pb(OH)NO3  .11
11. How can you justify that Pb(OH)NO3 is a basic salt?
he

 
       .12
12. What is meant by the term catenation? Give an      
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example of a compound that displays catenation.    

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13. What are homocyclic compounds? Give two         .13
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examples.
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14. What are heterocyclic compounds? Give two   .14
      
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examples.
15. How are alkyl radicals formed? Explain with   .15
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examples.
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16. Define homologous series.   .16



17. Define functional group with an example.    .17
 
18. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated  
     
 
  
 
  .18
hydrocarbons.
19. Why is the alkanes called paraffins?      
 .19
20. Why are the alkanes used as fuel?   
 .20

 
21. What do you know about hydrogenation of alkenes?          .21
22. Why alkenes are called 'olefins'?     
   
 .22
Ghazali Guess Chemistry 2 10th
23. What are the addition reactions? Explain with an       .23
example
24. Give the characteristics of monosaccharides.      .24
25. What is difference between glucose and fructose?   
    .25
26. Describe the uses of carbohydrates.     .26
27. Where are the proteins found?  
 .27
 

28. Why the ten amino acids are essential for us?       .28
29. How are proteins formed?   
 .29

30. How is gelation obtained?   .30
31. Give the general formula of the lipids.      .31

32. What do you mean by genetic code of life?     
.32
33. What is the function of DNA?   DNA .33
RNA  .34

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34. How you justify RNA works like a messenger?   



     .35

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35. Differentiate between primary and secondary air

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pollutants. m
36. State the major sources of CO and CO2 emission.    CO2 CO .36
he

37. If there was no CO2 in the air, could we survive?    CO2  .37
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38. Point out two serious effects of ozone depletion.      .38
  .39

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39. How ozone layer forms in stratosphere?  

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40. Differentiate between soft and hard water?         .40
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41. What are the causes of hardness in water?       .41
   
     
    .42

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42. What is difference between biodegradable and

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non-biodegradable substances?

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43. How detergents make the water unfit for the aquatic      
 .43
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life?
44. How is roasting carried out?    .44
45. What are the advantages of Solvay's process?     .45
46. What is the principle of Solvay's process?     .46
47. How is ammonia prepared for the synthesis of urea?        .47
48. Give a use of kerosene oil.     .48
49. Describe the difference between diesel oil and fuel       .49
 
oil.
Ghazali Guess Chemistry 3 10th
50. What is the difference between crude oil and residual       .50
 
oil?

    

Q.2 Write short answers of the following questions.   

 
1. What is the difference between reactants and      .1
  
products? Give example.
2. Define forward and reverse reactions.        .2
3. Write any two macroscopic characteristics of          .3
forward reactions.
4. Write any two macroscopic characteristics of     .4
forward reactions
5. Describe any two macroscopic characteristics of       .5

10
dynamic equilibrium.
  

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6. How atmospheric gases are used to prepare .6
chemicals?
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7. What is meant by limit of a reaction?     .7
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8. W h y r e v e r s ib l e r e ac t i o n s d o n o t r e a c h t o       .8

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completion?
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9. What is meant by active mass? Write its unit.        .9
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10. Define law of mass action.         .10

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11. What is meant by equilibrium constant?     .11

            .12
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12. Nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form ammonia.

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Write equilibrium expression for this reaction.     

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
  

  .13
13. Define Arrhenius concept of acids and bases.     

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

14. Write the limitations of Arrhenius concept.       .14
15. Define lewis concept of acids and bases. Give 
     .15
example of each.
16. Write the names of two mineral acids.     .16
17. Write neutralization reaction. Give example.       .17
18. Write the uses of nitric acid.      .18
19. Write the uses of sulphuric acid.     .19
20. Write the uses of acetic acid.        .20

 

21. Write down two uses of magnesium hydroxide.      .21
Ghazali Guess Chemistry 4 10th
22. Define hyperacidity.     .22
23. Write two preventions from hyperacidity.         .23
24. Define acid rain.    .24
25. What is meant by conjugate acid and conjugate             .25
base? Explain with the help of an example. 
26. Write two differences between acids and bases.  
  
  .26
27. What is the difference between Arrhenius base and    

 
  .27
lowry bronsted base?
28. What is meant by pH? Write down the uses of pH.    pH pH .28
29. What is meant by indicator? Explain with examples.     .29
30. Define normal salts. And give example.     .30
31. Write down two uses of salts.    .31

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32. Differentiate between basic salts and acidic salts.    .32
 
  .33

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33. Write down two uses of calcium sulphate.
   
   .34
is
34. What is meant by water of crystallization? m
35. Write down the chemical formula of gypsum.     .35
 
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36. Write down the formula of potash alum and ferric        .36
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alum.
      .37
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37. Write down two uses of sodium carbonate.


38. Define structural formula. Write the structural         -n      .38
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 
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formula of n-butane and iso butane and give

example.
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39. Define closed chain compounds. And also give an    .39
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example.
    .40
     
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40. Define open chain or acyclic compounds.

41. What is meant by homo cyclic compounds?        .41
42. Differentiate between coal tar and coke.    .42
 
43. What is coal gas? Write its use.      .43

44. Write down the two conditions for catenation.      .44
45. What is meant by vital force theory?     .45
46. Write down two uses of organic compounds.        .46

47. Write down the use of organic compounds as           .47

medicine.
Ghazali Guess Chemistry 5 10th
48. What are alkyl radicals? Write general formula and    .48
    
give example.



49. What is meant by ester linkage? Write general       .49
formula.
50. Define isomers. Write the isomers of pentane.
 

      .50


51. What is meant by bromine water test?    .51
52. What are hydrocarbons? Give two examples.        .52





53. What do you know about hydrogenation of alkanes?         .53

54. What is meant by exchange reaction? Give an        .54
example.
55. Write down the uses of chloroform and carbon       .55
tetrachloride.


   

10
56. Write down the two uses of methane. .56
57. Write down two characteristics of homologous     .57

try
series.
is   


  .58
m
58. What is hydrogenation? Give example.
 
 

       .59
   
he

59. H o w a l k e n e s a r e p r e p a r e d f r o m d e h y d r o
C

halogenations of alkyl halides?

    .60

ss

60. Why alkenes are reactive?


    .61
ue

61. Write down some uses of ethene.

62. What is meant by alkenes? Write their general       .62

iG

formula.
l
za

63. Write the chemical and structural formula of      .63
ha

benzene.

   
 
G

64. What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?  .64

65. What is the difference between glycol and glyoxal?     .65
 
66. What is the difference between alkanes and alkynes?   
   .66

67. Write down four characteristics of alkynes.      .67
68. What are the sources of carbohydrates?     .68
69. Define proteins and write their basic units.      
 .69
70. What are lipids? Give their examples.      .70




  

71. Describe hydrogenation of vegetable oil.        .71

72. What is the difference between oils and fats?       .72
Ghazali Guess Chemistry 6 10th
73. Write the sources and uses of lipids.      .73



74. Why RNA is called messenger?   RNA .74
75. What are nucleic acids? Write the constituents of         .75
nucleotides.

76. Explain fat soluble and water soluble vitamins.     .76

77. What is the difference between atmosphere and     .77
  
environment?
78. Write down the uses of nitrogen and oxygen.       .78
79. If CO2 is not present in the air can we live?    CO2  .79

80. W h a t i s t r o p h o s p h e r e ? W r i t e d o w n t w o  .80
    
characteristics.

81. How temperature of atmosphere is maintained?       .81
  

10
82. What is meant by air pollutant? Give two examples.      .82


      .83
 

try
83. What are primary and secondary pollutants? Write
difference between them.
is    CO .84
m
84. Why CO is considered hazardous for health?


   .85
he

85. What is meant by air pollutants?

 
C

86. What is meant by incineration?  .86

   .87
  
ss

87. What is meant by greenhouse effect?

  .88
    
ue

88. Write down two effects of global warming.

     .89
iG

89. Write down two effects of acid rain.

90. How acid rain is produced?     .90
l
za

91. Why did rain damages buildings?     .91

ha

92. How aquatic life is affected by acid rain?     .92
G

93. Why CO2 is called greenhouse gas?    CO2 .93
94. Define ozone and ozone hole.   .94
95. What is meant by ozone hole?   .95
96. Write down four characteristics of water.      .96
97. How water rises in plants?     .97
98. Explain how ionic compounds dissolve in water?      .98
99. Water is a universal solvent. Explain.    .99
100. Write down the causes of water hardness.      .100
101. How washing soda softens water?       .101
Ghazali Guess Chemistry 7 10th
102. How sodium zeolite softens water?       .102
103. What is meant by boiler scales? How can they be       .103
removed?
104. Write down two disadvantages of temporary hard      .104
water.


105. Why pesticides are used?    .105
106. Describe the effects of industrial effluents.      .106
107. Describe the effects of water pollution.     .107
 
108. What is meant by leaching process?    .108



109. How pesticides can cause water pollution?     .109
110. What is the difference between biodegradeable and    
     
    .110

non biodegradeable substances?

10
111. What is meant by hepatitis?   .111

      .112

try
112. Write the names of four water borne diseases.
113. What is the cause of cholera? What is it falal?     .113
is       .114
m
114. What is jaundice? Write down its symptoms.

   .115
he

115. What is meant by metallurgy?

     .116
C

116. Write the names and formulae of two copper ores.

  .117
ss

117. Write down the difference between minerals and  

ue

ores.
  .118
iG

118. Define gang.

119. What is the difference between slag and matte?  
  .119
l
za


 .120
120. Explain the concentration of ores.    
ha

121. What is gravity separation?     .121


G

122. What is meant by forth floatation?    .122


123. What is meant by electromagnetic separation?    
 
  .123

124. What is meant by roasting? Write its chemical        .124
reaction with respect to copper metal. 

 
125. What is meant by bessemerization process?    .125
126. What is meant by anode mud and bister copper? 
     .126
127. Write down the role of technology in the preparation         .127
of common chemicals.

128. What is meant by calcinations?    .128
Ghazali Guess Chemistry 8 10th
129. Draw the flow chart diagram of Solvay's process for             .129
the preparation of sodium carbonate.
130. How CO2 is prepared in Solvay's process.    CO2   .130
131. Write the preparation of ammonia in Solvay's       .131
process.
132. Describe the method of granulation of urea.      .132
133. What is meant by natural fertilizer?   .133
  
134. Write down two uses of urea.    .134

 
Q.3 Write detailed answers of the following
questions.
     
2. Write the macroscopic characteristics of forward            .2
and reverse reactions. What is the difference
    
 

10
between forward and reverse reaction?
3. State law of mass action. Also derive equilibrium              .3

try
constant expression for the given chemical reaction. A+B C + D     
is
m

       .4
he
4. Describe Arrhenius concept of acids and bases and
explain with examples. Also write the limitations of   
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this concept.
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5. Describe Lowry-Bronsted concept of acids and 

              .5
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bases and explain with the help of examples. 

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6. Write the names of naturally occurring acids and             .6
 
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also write their sources.

7. What is meant by indicators? Explain with      .7
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examples.
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8. Write down the methods of preparation of alkanes.       .8

 
9. Write the uses of melthane and ethane.  
     .9
10. Define hydrocarbons. Write down two methods of    
    .10

the preparation of alkanes.

11. Write down the uses of ethene.  .11
   
12. Explain different methods of the preparation of      .12
alkynes.
13. Write down the chemical reactions of alkynes.      .13
Ghazali Guess Chemistry 9 10th



14. Describe the classification of carbohydrates Give        .14
examples.
15. D e f i n e c a r b o h y d r a t e s . A l s o e x p l a i n      .15
monosaccharides.
16. What is meant by soft and hard water? Write the          .16
causes of water hardness.
17. Explain the methods of removing permanent water 
     
   .17
harness.
18. Explain that domestic effluents used water is also a        .18

cause of water pollution.
19. Explain briefly froth floatation process.    .19

20. What is meant by smelting? Explain with reference             
 .20


10
to smelting process of copper metal.
21. How sodium carbonate Na2CO 3 is prepared from    Na2CO3       .21

try
Solvay's process?

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