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Population: Communitas (Cum, "With/together" + Munus, "Gift"), A Broad Term For Fellowship or Organized

A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same geographic area and can interbreed. A community is a group of interacting species that share an environment. Key characteristics of populations include geographic distribution, population density, growth rate, and limiting factors. Population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration and emigration. Factors like total fertility rate and population momentum affect future population growth projections.

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73 views2 pages

Population: Communitas (Cum, "With/together" + Munus, "Gift"), A Broad Term For Fellowship or Organized

A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same geographic area and can interbreed. A community is a group of interacting species that share an environment. Key characteristics of populations include geographic distribution, population density, growth rate, and limiting factors. Population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration and emigration. Factors like total fertility rate and population momentum affect future population growth projections.

Uploaded by

Nikol Baltazar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POPULATION

Definition of Population and Community

A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same species and live in the same
geographical area. Organisms of the same species interbreed with one another and produce live, fertile
offspring.

In biological terms, a community is a group of interacting species sharing a populated environment. In


human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks, and a number of other
conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of
cohesiveness.

Traditionally a "community" has been defined as a group of interacting people living in a common
location. The word is often used to refer to a group that is organized around common values and is
attributed with social cohesion within a shared geographical location, generally in social units larger
than a household. The word can also refer to the national community or global community.

The word "community" is derived from the Old French communité which is derived from the Latin
communitas (cum, "with/together" + munus, "gift"), a broad term for fellowship or organized
society.

Some Characteristics of Population

 Geographic Distribution
- Uniform distribution may happen if there is acute competition for resources such as
food, water, and space
- Random distribution of organisms is found in places where environmental conditions
are relatively uniform.
- Clumping distribution

 Population Density – the number of individuals in a population per unit area.

 Growth Rate – determined by the number of members that are born and those that move in
(immigration), as well as those that die and those that move out (emigration) of the area where
the population is found

Types of Population Growth

1. Exponential growth – the population grows extremely rapid and at a constant rate
2. Logistic growth – does have a period of exponential growth but will stop or slow
down.

Limiting Factors (Factors that causes a population to decrease)

1. Density-Dependent Limiting Factors – factors that depend on the size of the population.

 Mutualism – one relationship benefits both species involved


 Commensalism – where one species is benefited but the other is not benefited or
harmed.
 Parasitism – is the relationship where one organism called parasite is benefited from
the interaction while the host is harmed.
 Predation – is an interaction where an organism called prey is killed and the one that
kills is a predator.
 Competition- is another type of interaction that occurs where both groups of organisms
use the same habitat, resources like food and water. In this case, both organisms are
harmed in one way or another where one may be harmed more than the other.

2. Density-Independent Limiting Factors – affects all population regardless of population size.


Example: Natural disaster, weather, human activities.

Factors Affecting Human Population Size

Population size is affected by birth rates, death rates, emigration and immigration.

Population change = (births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration)

Zero Population Growth (ZPG) – when births plus immigration equal deaths plus emigration

Crude Birth Rate (CDR) – number of deaths per 1000 people in a population in a given year.

Types of Fertility rates

1. Replacement Level of Fertility – This is the number of children a couple must bear to replace
themselves.

2. Population Momentum – The population increase resulting from a large number of people entering
their childbearing years.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

TFR is an estimate of the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years
under current age-specific birth rates.

Reasons for Projected Growth:

1. Large number of women still in child-bearing years.


2. Increase in number of unmarried mothers
3. Continued higher fertility rates for women in some racial and ethnic groups than for Caucasian
women.
4. High levels of legal and illegal immigrants
5. Inadequate family-planning services.

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