College of Engineering - Department of Architecture and Urban Planning

ARCT 242 Surveying in construction Spring 2021 - Section L51 Group #4

Instructor: Dr. Mohd. Faris Khamid - supported by: Engr Anas Adeeb Alsharo -
Yousra Regaya - Arch Mouez Belkhiria - Engr Habeeba Kaipreth

Project 4 - Design Proposal for

Facade Refurbishment
Nafja Al-Mohannadi 201703703
Maryam Azan 201801727
Shamma Al-dehaimi 201801148
Haya Al-jehani 201801945
Yomna Abogazia 201702823
01
Introduction
1.1 About the project
1.2 Background about the building
1.3 Reasons of refurbishment
1.4 challenges

02 Latest digital building surveying technology

2.1 Photogrammetry
2.1.1 Definition
2.1.2 Methodology
2.1.3 Software
2.1.4 Advantages
2.2 Point cloud
2.2.1 Definition
2.2.2 Methodology
2.2.3 Software

03
2.2.4 Advantages
Comparison
3.1 softwares
3.2 digital building surveying technology

04 Discussion and Conclusion

Appendix
References
Introduction

1.1 About the project

Project concept
Use and apply the recent digital surveying technology, in order to take accurate
measurement for existing façade ,to redesign the façade of College of Engineering C07
In Qatar University, according to the challenges that could restrict us to change it.

Goal
To know and understand what may happen in the near future and imagine the
problems that may occur in the exterior and interior of College of engineering building,
with being considerate about the design and aesthetic.

Objectives
To learn about the latest tools used as the levels, theodolites, total station, EDM, 3D
Laser Scanners etc.
Evaluate the Data and measurements of surveying works.
basic needs for surveying in construction projects

Figure 1: Collage of Engineering – Main Façade – 8:57 AM

Introduction
1.2 Background about the building

Project : College of Engineering Building, QU University

Function: Educational Building
Location: Doha, Qatar University
( 25°22'24'' N ) (51°29'18'' E )
Type of Structural System : Frame structure
Figure 2: Collage of Engineering – Main Façade – 2:13 PM

Materials Used

Stucco Aluminum Alucobond Glass Mullion

 Figure 2: Collage of Engineering – Main Façade – 2:13 PM

Function and Space adjacent to the façade of College of Engineering

Class rooms/Lecture Rooms Studying Areas Entrance Space

 Introduction

Technical Drawings Sustainability

The lack resources related to Building Façade Could be more
Technical Drawings of sustainable in term of materials
College of Engineering. and Functionality.

1.3
Functionality Reasons of Life safety
The Exterior Façade should be refurbishment Enhance the Life safety and
more Functional with the interior accessibility of the building
space of College of Engineering
building.

Style Materials
Redesign old Buildings to change their Using more modern materials
styles, and aesthetic features that can resist the weather and
the circumstances.
1. Introduction

1.4 Challenges of Façade Refurbishing

1. lack of availability of the measuring instrunments and tools

Challenges 2. Technical Drawings are not precise.

3. Redesigning the façade with considering the utilities,

mechanical and electrical spaces.
2. Latest digital building
surveying technology

In the next slides, we will explain the types of modern

surveying of buildings, and we will show the
specifications of each of them so that we can finally
compare them and determine the best digital tool for
building survey.
2.1 Photogrammetry

2.1.1 What is Photogrammetry?

• Photogrammetry is the science and technology of obtaining reliable information about

physical objects and the environment through the process of recording, measuring, and
interpreting photographic images.

• Types of photogrometry:
- Aerial photogrammetry
- Close range photogrammetry

2.1.2 Methodology
Figure 3: Photogrammetry

Manual Targets Dense Matching

slowest Faster
generating dense point clouds
generates a low point count producing a higher point count
accurate
2.1 Photogrammetry

2.1.3 Photogrammetry softwires

1. 3DF Zephyr
2. IMAGINE Photogrammetry
3. Metashape
4. OpenDroneMap
5. PhotoModeler

2.1.4 the benefits of Photogrammetry compered to a traditional scanning:

1. the ease and speed at which the data can be collected:

With the use of satellite imagery, photogrammetry can help in capturing images, analyze the data to get the measurements and convert
them to a 3D map in no time and least cost.
2. The data that is collected is permanent and accurate:
and records the condition that existed at the time the photographs were taken in both the pictorial and metric forms.
3. It offers a wide or broad view of the mapped area:
by utilizing both topographic and cultural features of the land surface. This allows for other studies to use corresponding data more
efficiently.
4. it is much easier to re-survey or re-evaluate the site again:
Due to the fact that the information collected is permanent it is easier to re-survey to get any of the missing information without the loss of
any time.
2.2 POINT CLOUD SURVAYING

2.2.1 What is a point cloud survey?

Point cloud surveys use 3D laser scanners to capture a highly accurate digital picture of the dimensions and shapes of the exterior of a
physical object, such as a building.

2.2.2 method of using Point Cloud

• 3D laser scanners and LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology and techniques are the most common methods for producing point
clouds.
• A single laser scan measurement is represented by each point in this diagram.
• Using a process known as ‘registration’, these scans are then stitched together to create a complete scene capture.
• Computer program, on the other hand, would generate synthetic point clouds.

2.2.3 Point Cloud softwires

1. Autodesk: ReCap, Revit, AutoCAD
2. Bentley: Pointools
3. Leica: Cyclone
4. Faro: Scene
5. Riegl: RISCAN PRO
2.2 POINT CLOUD SURVAYING

2.2.4 the benefits of a point cloud scanning compered to a traditional scanning:

1. It allows us to collect data on complex or unconventionally shaped structures:

Traditional survey methods cannot guarantee such accuracy, as it relies on the skill and knowledge of the surveyor, and the quality of the
surveying equipment.

2. It gives us far greater accuracy:

Traditional survey methods cannot guarantee such accuracy, as it relies on the skill and knowledge of the surveyor, and the quality of the
surveying equipment.

3. It can save our time and money:

one experienced point cloud surveyor can capture more data in one visit that multiple surveyors would have been able to using
traditional methods at the same time, potentially saving you money.

4. It allows for collaboration between multiple teams:

The 3D BIM models that can be created from the point cloud scan are effective in allowing collaboration between architects, engineers,
contractors etc. They can be used throughout the whole project.
3. Softwares Comparison

3.1.1 Photogrammetry Softwares

Automatic
Software License Platform Scalability Type of photogrammetry Data Source Online Service
Modeling

Microsoft Images, video,

3DF Zephyr Proprietary Yes Yes, multiple images Aerial, close-range, UAS
Windows laser scan

Microsoft
IMAGINE Photogrammetry Proprietary Semi-automatic Yes, multiple images Aerial, satellite, UAS Images
Windows

Linux, macOS,
Metashape (Former Yes, multiple images, cluster Aerial, close-range, UAS,
Proprietary Microsoft Yes Images Yes, Agisoft Cloud
PhotoScan) distributed processing satellite
Windows

Linux, macOS,
Free & open WebODM
OpenDroneMap Microsoft Yes Yes, multiple images Aerial, close-range, UAS Images
source Lightning Network
Windows

Microsoft Images, video,

PhotoModeler Proprietary Yes Yes, multiple images Aerial, close-range, UAS
Windows laser scan
 3. Softwares Comparison
3.1.2 Point Cloud Surveying Softwares
Software Features Cloud Capabilities Import Formats Export Formats
Not tied to a specific scanner, cl3, clr, e57, fls, fws, lsproj, las, jpg,
Shortage of multi-core optimization for e57, pts, pcg, rcp/rcs, fbx, obj, rcm,
suitable for building projects , pcg, prj, ptg, pts, ptx, rcs, rds(3d),
AutoDesk ReCap Pro instantaneous registration rcs, ortho/tif (geotiff)
shortages of features that are txt, xyb, xyz, zfs, zfprj
more updated
Its huge project capability helps
TrueView allows users to navigate the lgs, e57, pts, ptg, ptx, truview
in linking separate data e57, fls, frp, fws, ptg, ptx, zfc, zfprj,
scene by zooming, rotating panning enterprise, truview cloud,
Leica Cyclone databases to register zfs.
Also adding markups, notes, hyperlinks jetstream
subprojects that will be linked
& Geo Tags
together
on-site registration, recognize Cooperation & visualization sharing
cpe, e57, vrml, dxf, xyz text and
objects automatically, high with web share cloud, additionally fls, e57, ptz, ptx, ascii xyz
Faro Scene binary, iges, fls, pts, ptx, pod
quality data in full color, run in offers surface/ iPad access with novel
office and tablet virtual joystick
Support of photogrammetry Lacks could capability yet 3pf, asc, csv, dm, dtm, dxf, e57, las,
3pf, csv, dp, dtm, dxf, las, laz,mpc,
feature, Geodetic tools, multi- RiPANO software is recommended, laz, obj, pod, pol, ptx/pts, rqx, stl,
Riegl RiSCAN obj, ply, pol, ptx/pts, rdbx.vtp
station adjustment allows cad users to obtain plots & wrl
ortho views
-Develops UAV’s laser range Any type of 2D drawing can be
finders, GNSS receivers & inertial extracted from office survey from point bsf, ptx, pdms, e57, las/laz, pog,
xyz, e57, las, laz, zfs, rsp, fls, dp, ptx,
navigation clouds which can be extracted to all obj, dgn, dxf, ascii, landxml, kms,
Trimble RealWorks pts
Set of tools that produces 2D CAD systems. When modeling you can dwg. fbx
images & 3D point clouds create a geometry based on cloud point
selection or not.
3. Comparison
3.2 digital building surveying technology
Photogrammetry Point Cloud Surveying (Ex: LIDAR)

Cost • Cost Effective • Higher Cost

• Less automated process allows for more user error – results depend • Automated process after targets are placed and scanner is started; less
Operational
greatly on experience of operator. chance for user error.
Complexity
• Weather Dependent. • Penetrates through high canopy areas.

Outputs

Accuracy

Time Efficiency

Errors

Ease of Use
Figure 4: LiDAR more effective in high-vegetation areas, low-light, or even at night, without needing an external light source.
On the other hand, photogrammetry drone’s results flight can be heavily affected by low light, dust, or cloud cover.
3. Comparison
3.2 digital building surveying technology
Photogrammetry Point Cloud Surveying (Ex: LIDAR)

Cost • Cost Effective • Higher Cost

• Less automated process allows for more user error – results depend • Automated process after targets are placed and scanner is started; less
Operational
greatly on experience of operator. chance for user error.
Complexity
• Weather Dependent. • Penetrates through high canopy areas.

• 2D orthomosaic maps, 3D models, and point clouds with better Visual

Outputs • Creates a detailed 3D point cloud outlining the terrain and elevation.
representation of textures and colors.

• Accuracy is lower than LIDAR over large space.

• Scale limitations based on camera lenses maintaining clarity over • High “Absolute” Accuracy overall.
Accuracy
long distances. • High levels of accuracy over long spans.
• High horizontal accuracy.
Time Efficiency

Errors

Ease of Use
Visual
Representation

Figure 5 : LIDAR

Figure 6: Photogrammetry
3. Comparison
3.2 digital building surveying technology
Photogrammetry Point Cloud Surveying (Ex: LIDAR)

Cost • Cost Effective • Higher Cost

• Less automated process allows for more user error – results depend • Automated process after targets are placed and scanner is started; less
Operational
greatly on experience of operator. chance for user error.
Complexity
• Weather Dependent. • Penetrates through high canopy areas.

• 2D orthomosaic maps, 3D models, and point clouds with better Visual

Outputs • Creates a detailed 3D point cloud outlining the terrain and elevation.
representation of textures and colors.

• Accuracy is lower than LIDAR over large space.

• Scale limitations based on camera lenses maintaining clarity over • High “Absolute” Accuracy overall.
Accuracy
long distances. • High levels of accuracy over long spans.
• High horizontal accuracy.
• More time spent on site. • Less time spent on site.
Time Efficiency
• Long processing time. • 3D map is available upon landing.

• Errors when dealing with reflective/transparent surfaces. • Error rate is fixed based on the capabilities of the equipment.
Errors • Less automated process allows for more user error – results depend • Automated process after targets are placed and scanner is started; less
greatly on experience of operator. chance for user error.

Ease of Use • Straightforward and Simplified workflows. • Complex, requires high level of understanding.
 LIDAR
Best for
Terrain models below dense vegetation, forestry,
3D modeling of power lines or cables, 3D modeling
of complex structures.

Figure 7: Photogrammerty

Figure 6: Lidar

Photogrammetry
Best for
Mapping, surveys, mining, broad-coverage
combined with high horizontal accuracy.
4. Discussion and conclusion

1. If we need a high degree of precision over a wide area, LIDAR is generally your best choice. If we're documenting smaller

spaces and want less precision but more visual photo realism, photogrammetry is a better choice.

2. LIDAR is extremely powerful in specific conditions, such as challenging projects where elevation accuracy, complex

structures, or areas involving high vegetation are key.

3. On the other hand, photogrammetry will be more than adequate for broader surveying requirements: it is generally more

affordable, more accessible, and, if done correctly, it is accurate enough to suit most needs. Moreover, if better Visual

representation of textures and colors is required then it’s the most suitable option.
4. Discussion and conclusion Conclusion

Low vegetaion

Simple Façade & Non-

experience

Adequete Accuracy

Better Visual representation

Best Option:
Photogrammetry
 Project Timeline

Week 12 Week 13 Week 14

Phase 1 Submission

Work distribution

Site analyses

field works for Phase 2

On site review

Phase 2 submission
References:
Basics of photogrammetry. (2020, September 20). Retrieved March 16,
2021, from https://www.gisresources.com/basic-of-photogrammetry_2/

What is a point cloud survey? (2021, March 17). Retrieved March14, 2021,
from https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/what-is-a-point-cloud-
survey