Pronouns

Pronouns are small words that take the place of a noun. A pronoun is used instead of a noun.

A. Personal Pronouns
Personal Pronouns represent specific people or things and are used in place of the person
or people that are being talking about. They are used depending on:
Personal Pronouns
Number Person Possessive Possessive Reflexive
Subject Object
Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
1 st I me my mine myself
2nd You you your yours yourself
Singular He him his his himself
3rd She her her hers herself
It it its -------- itself
1 st We us our ours ourselves
Plural 2nd You you your your yourselves
3rd They them their theirs themselves

1) Subject Pronouns
The Subject of a sentence is a person or thing that performs the action of the verb. Subject
Pronouns are used to replace the subject (person or thing) of a verb.

Subject Pronouns used in English

Subject Pronoun Singular or Plural - Who? Masculine or Feminine
I Singular - first person masculine or feminine
You Singular - second person masculine or feminine
He Singular - third person only masculine
She Singular - third person only feminine
It Singular - third person object / thing / animal
We Plural - first person masculine or feminine
You Plural - second person masculine or feminine
They Plural - third person masculine or feminine

IT is normally used when we refer to objects, things, animals or ideas and not normally
people.
• The dog is big. It is also hairy. (It = the dog)
• My bed is small but it is comfortable. (It = my bed)
Sometimes when we don't know the sex of a baby - we don't know if it is a boy or girl - we
can use IT.
• Their baby is very small. It only weighs 2 kilos. (It = the baby.)
We use IT we when talk about the time, weather or temperature.
• It is five o'clock (= the time is five o'clock)
• It is cold today. (= the weather is cold today.)
• It is 30º outside right now. (= the temperature is 30º outside right now)

When we are talking about a single thing, we usually use it. However, there are a few
exceptions. We may sometimes refer to an animal as he/him or she/her, especially if the
animal is domesticated or a pet. Ships (and some other vessels or vehicles) as well as some
countries are often treated as female and referred to as she/her.
• This is our dog Rusty. He is an Alsatian.
• The Titanic was a great ship but she sank on her first voyage.
• My first car was a Mini and I treated her like my wife.
 • Thailand has now opened her border with Cambodia.

For a single person, sometimes we don't know whether to use he or she. There are several
solutions to this:
• If a teacher needs help, he or she should see the principal.
• If a teacher needs help, he should see the principal.
• If a teacher needs help, they should see the principal.

We often use It to introduce a remark:

• It is nice to have a holiday sometimes.
• It is important to dress well.
• It's difficult to find a job.
• Is it normal to see them together?
• It didn't take long to walk here.

2) Object Pronouns
Object Pronouns are used instead of nouns, usually because we already know what the
object is. It makes the sentence easier to read and understand and avoids repetition. We
normally use Object Pronouns after a verb or a preposition.

I like horses. Subject Pronoun

Horses don't like me. Object Pronoun
We talk to our neighbor. Subject Pronoun
She talks to us. Object Pronoun
They listen to the teacher. Subject Pronoun
Listen to me carefully. Object Pronoun
You speak very quickly. Subject Pronoun
We watch them on TV. Object Pronoun

The Object Pronoun - it

Be careful when using 'it' as an Object Pronoun because it is only in the correct context that
it has meaning. It needs to have already been mentioned or obvious.
• You are sitting on it! (The listener probably doesn't know what the speaker refers to).
• The letter is on the sofa. You are sitting on it! (It is obvious in the second sentence that
the reference is to the letter)

3) Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives show who owns or "possesses" something.
Possessive
Number Person Example
Adjective
1st my This is my book.
2nd your I like your hair.
Singular 3rd his His name is "John".
her Her name is "Mary".
its The dog is licking its paw.
1st our We have sold our house.
Plural 2nd your Your children are lovely.
3rd their The students thanked their teacher.
Singular/Plural 1 /2 3
st nd/ rd whose Whose phone did you use?
4) Possessive Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns refer to a specific person/people or thing/things (the "antecedent")
belonging to a person/people (and sometimes belonging to an animal/animals or
thing/things).
Possessive Pronouns can:
• be subject or object
• refer to a singular or plural antecedent
Number Person Possessive Pronouns
1st mine
2nd yours
Singular
his
3rd
hers
1st ours
Plural 2nd yours
3rd theirs
• Look at these pictures. Mine is the big one. (subject = My picture)
• I like your flowers. Do you like mine? (object = my flowers)
• My flowers are dying. Yours are lovely. (subject = Your flowers)
• All the essays were good but his was the best. (subject = his essay)
• John found his clothes but Mary couldn't find hers. (object = her clothes)
• Here is your car. Ours is over there, where we left it. (subject = Our car)
• Your photos are good. Ours are terrible. (subject = Our photos)
• Each couple's books are color-coded. Yours are red. (subject = Your books)
• I don't like this family's garden but I like yours. (object = your garden)
• These aren't John and Mary's children. Theirs have black hair. (subject = Their
children)
• John and Mary don't like your car. Do you like theirs? (object = their car)

Whose (an interrogative possessive pronoun) can also be a Possessive Pronoun.

• There was $100 on the table and Tammy wondered whose it was.
• This car hasn't moved for two months. Whose is it?

5) Reflexive Pronouns are used when we want to refer back to the subject of the
sentence or clause.
The underlined words are NOT the same Reflexive Pronouns
person/thing The underlined words are the SAME person/thing
John saw me. I saw myself in the mirror.
Why does he blame you? Why do you blame yourself?
David sent him a copy. John sent himself a copy.
David sent her a copy. Mary sent herself a copy.
My dog hurt the cat. My dog hurt itself.
We blame you. We blame ourselves.
Can you help my children? Can you help yourselves?
They cannot look after the babies. They cannot look after themselves.

Intensive Pronouns
All the above Reflexive Pronouns can also act as Intensive Pronouns, but the function and
usage are different. An Intensive Pronoun emphasizes its antecedent.
• I made it myself. OR I myself made it.
• Have you yourself seen it? OR Have you seen it yourself?
• The President himself promised to stop the war.
• She spoke to me herself. OR She herself spoke to me.
 • The exam itself wasn't difficult, but exam room was horrible.
• Never mind. We'll do it ourselves.
• You yourselves asked us to do it.
• They recommend this book even though they themselves have never read it. OR They
recommend this book even though they have never read it themselves.

B. Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns represent a thing or things:
• near in distance or time (this, these)
• far in distance or time (that, those)
Near Far
Singular this that
Plural these those
• This tastes good. • Look at that.
• Have you seen this? • Those were the days!
• These are bad times. • Can you see those?
• Do you like these? • This is heavier than that.
• That is beautiful. • These are bigger than those.

Do not confuse Demonstrative Pronouns with Demonstrative Adjectives. They are identical,
but a Demonstrative Pronoun stands alone, while a Demonstrative Adjective qualifies a
noun.
• That smells. (Demonstrative Pronoun)
• That book is good. (Demonstrative Adjective + Noun)

Demonstrative Pronouns is used for things only but can be used for people when the
person is identified.
• This is Josey speaking. Is that Mary?
• That sounds like John.

C. Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns are used to ask questions. The Interrogative Pronoun represents
the thing that we don't know (what we are asking the question about).
There are four main interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which. The Possessive
Pronoun ‘whose’ can also be an Interrogative Pronoun.
Subject Object
Person who whom
Thing what
Person/Thing which
Person whose (possessive)
Whom is the correct form when the pronoun is the object of the verb, as in "Whom did you
see?" ("I saw John.") However, in spoken English we rarely use whom. Most native speakers
would say (or even write): "Who did you see?"
Question Answer
Who told you? John told me. Subject
Whom did you tell? I told Mary. Object
What's happened? An accident's happened. Subject
What do you want? I want coffee. Object
Which came first? The Porsche 911 came first. Subject
Which will the doctor see first? The doctor will see John first. Object
There's one car missing. Whose hasn't arrived? John's (car) hasn't arrived. Subject
We've found everyone's keys. Whose did you find? I found John's (keys). Object
Sometimes the suffix "ever" is used to make compounds from some of these pronouns
(mainly whoever, whatever, whichever). When "ever" is added, it is used for emphasis,
often to show confusion or surprise.
• Whoever would want to do such a nasty thing?
• Whatever did he say to make her cry like that?
• They're all fantastic! Whichever will you choose?

D. Reciprocal Pronouns
Reciprocal Pronouns are used when each of two or more subjects is acting in the same way
towards the other.
There are only two reciprocal pronouns, and they are both two words:
• each other • one another

When we use these Reciprocal Pronouns, there must be two or more people, things or
groups involved (so we cannot use Reciprocal Pronouns with I, you [singular], he/she/it),
and they must be doing the same thing
• John and Mary love each other.
• Peter and David hate each other.
• The ten prisoners were all blaming one another.
• Both teams played hard against each other.
• We gave each other gifts.
• Why don't you believe each other?
• They can't see each other.
• The gangsters were fighting one another.
• The boats were bumping against each other in the storm.

E. Indefinite Pronouns
An Indefinite Pronoun does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. It is vague
and "not definite".
Many Indefinite Pronouns also function as other parts of speech.
He has one job in the day and another at night. (pronoun)
I'd like another drink, please. (adjective)
Most Indefinite Pronouns are either singular or plural. However, some of them can be
singular in one context and plural in another.
Pronoun Meaning Example
Singular
an additional or different person That ice-cream was good. Can I
another
or thing have another?
Can anyone answer this
anybody/anyone no matter what person
question?
The doctor needs to know if you
anything no matter what thing have eaten anything in the last
two hours.
every one of two or more people
each Each has his own thoughts.
or things, seen separately
Do you want tea or coffee? / I
one or the other of two people or
either don't mind. Either is good for
things
me.
enough as much or as many as needed Enough is enough.
We can start the meeting
everybody/everyone all people
because everybody has arrived.
everything all things They have no house or
 possessions. They lost
everything in the earthquake.
less a smaller amount "Less is more”.
Little is known about his early
little a small amount
life.
Much has happened since we
much a large amount
met.
not one and not the other of two I keep telling Jack and Jill but
neither
people or things neither believes me.
I phoned many times but nobody
nobody/no-one no person
answered.
If you don't know the answer it's
nothing no single thing, not anything
best to say nothing.
Can one smoke here? | All the
one an unidentified person students arrived but now one is
missing.
a different person or thing from One was tall and the other was
other
one already mentioned short.
an unspecified or unknown Clearly, somebody murdered
somebody/someone
person him. It was not suicide.
Listen! I just heard something!
something an unspecified or unknown thing
What could it be?
you an unidentified person (informal) And you can see why.
Plural
two people or things, seen John likes coffee but not tea. I
both
together think both are good.
Few have ever disobeyed him
few a small number of people or things
and lived.
a reduced number of people or
fewer Fewer are smoking these days.
things
many a large number of people or things Many have come already.
I'm sure that others have tried
others other people; not us
before us.
They all complained and several
several more than two but not many
left the meeting.
They say that vegetables are
they people in general (informal)
good for you.
Singular or Plural
the whole quantity of something All is forgiven.
all
or of some things or people All have arrived.
Is any left?
any no matter how much or how many
Are any coming?
a greater quantity of something; a
There is more over there.
more greater number of people or
More are coming.
things
Most is lost.
most the majority; nearly all
Most have refused.
They fixed the water so why is
none coming out of the tap?
none not any; no person or persons
I invited five friends but none
have come.
some an unspecified quantity of Here is some.
 something; an unspecified number Some have arrived.
of people or things
He was a foreigner and he felt
such of the type already mentioned
that he was treated as such.

F. Relative Pronouns
A Relative Pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a Relative Clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun
because it "relates" to the word that its relative clause modifies.
Examples
− The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.
− The person that phoned me last night is my teacher.
S
− The car which hit me was yellow.
− The car that hit me was yellow.
− The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher.
− The people who I phoned last night are my teachers.
− The person that I phoned last night is my teacher.
Defining Relative O − The person I phoned last night is my teacher.
Clauses − The car which I drive is old.
− The car that I drive is old.
− The car I drive is old.
− The student whose phone just rang should stand up.
− Students whose parents are wealthy pay extra.
P − The police are looking for the car whose driver was masked.
− The police are looking for the car of which the driver was
masked.
− Pretty, who is very kind, is my teacher.
S − The car, which was a taxi, exploded.
− The cars, which were taxis, exploded.
− Pretty, whom I like very much, is my teacher.
− Pretty, who I like very much, is my teacher.
O
Non-Defining − - The car, which I was driving at the time, suddenly caught
Relative Clauses fire.
− My brother, whose phone you just heard, is a doctor.
− The car, whose driver jumped out just before the accident,
P was completely destroyed.
− The car, the driver of which jumped out just before the
accident, was completely destroyed.
Pronoun Form & Verb Agreement
Rule 1. Subject pronouns are used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence.
• _______________ did the job.
• I, he, she, we, they, who, whoever, etc., all qualify and are, therefore, subject pronouns

Rule 2. Subject pronouns are also used if they rename the subject. They will follow to be
verbs, such as is, are, was, were, am, will be, had been, etc.
• It is he.
• This is she speaking.
• It is we who are responsible for the decision to downsize.

Rule 3. This rule surprises even language watchers: when who refers to a personal pronoun
(I, you, he, she, we, they), it takes the verb that agrees with that pronoun.
• Correct: It is I who am sorry. (I am) Incorrect: It is I who is sorry.
• Correct: It is you who are mistaken. (you are) Incorrect: It is you who's mistaken

Rule 4. Object pronouns are used everywhere else beyond Rules 1 and 2 (direct object,
indirect object, object of a preposition). Object pronouns include me, him, herself, us,
them, themselves, etc.
• Jane saw him. ‘Him’ is the direct object.
• Give her the book. ‘Her’ is the indirect object. The direct object is book.
• Are you talking to me? ‘Me’ is the object of the preposition to.

Rule 5. The pronouns who, that, and which become singular or plural depending on the
subject. If the subject is singular, use a singular verb. If it is plural, use a plural verb.
• He is the only one of those men who is always on time. The word ‘who’ refers to one.
Therefore, use the singular verb is.
Sometimes we must look more closely to find a verb's true subject:
• He is one of those men who are always on time. The word ‘who’ refers to men.
Therefore, use the plural verb are.

Rule 6. Pronouns that are singular (I, he, she, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, no one,
nobody, someone, somebody, each, either, neither, etc.) require singular verbs. This rule is
frequently overlooked when using the pronouns each, either, and neither, followed by ‘of’.
Those three pronouns always take singular verbs. Do not be misled by what follows ‘of’.
• Each of the girls sings well.
• Either of us is capable of doing the job.
• Neither of them is available to speak right now.
When each follows a noun or pronoun in certain sentences, even experienced writers
sometimes get tripped up:
• Correct: The women each gave their approval.
Incorrect: The women each gave her approval.
• Correct: The words are and there each end with a silent vowel.
Incorrect: The words are and there each ends with a silent vowel.
These examples do not contradict Rule 6, because each is not the subject, but rather
an adjunct describing the true subject.

Rule 7. To decide whether to use the subject or object pronoun after the words than or as,
mentally complete the sentence.
• Tong is as smart as she/her. Completing the sentence, we would say Tong is as smart
as she is. Therefore, she is the correct answer.
• Zoe is taller than I/me. Completing the sentence, we have Zoe is taller than I am.
 • Daniel would rather talk to her than I/me

Rule 8. The possessive pronouns yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs, and whose never need
apostrophes. Avoid mistakes like her's and your's.

Rule 9. The only time it's has an apostrophe is when it is a contraction for it is or it has. The
only time who's has an apostrophe is when it means who is or who has. There is no
apostrophe in oneself. Avoid "one's self," a common error.
• It's been a cold morning.
• The thermometer reached its highest reading.
• He's the one who's always on time.
• He's the one whose wife is always on time.
• Keeping oneself ready is important.

Rule 10. Pronouns that end in -self or -selves are called reflexive pronouns. There are nine
reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves,
and themselves.
Reflexive pronouns are used when both the subject and the object of a verb are the same
person or thing.
• Joe helped himself.
If the object of a preposition refers to a previous noun or pronoun, use a reflexive
pronoun:
• Joe bought it for himself.
Reflexive pronouns help avoid confusion and nonsense. Without them, we might be stuck
with sentences like Joe helped Joe.
• Correct: I worked myself to the bone.
The object myself is the same person as the subject I, performing the act of working.
• Incorrect: My brother and myself did it. Correct: My brother and I did it.
Don't use myself unless the pronoun I or me precedes it in the sentence.
• Incorrect: Please give it to John or myself. Correct: Please give it to John or me.
• Correct: You saw me being myself. ‘Myself’ refers back to me in the act of being.
In certain cases, a reflexive pronoun may come first.
• Doubting himself, the man proceeded cautiously.
Reflexive pronouns are also used for emphasis.
• He himself finished the whole job.

Rule 11a. Avoid they and their with singular pronouns.

• Incorrect: Someone brought their lunch. Correct: Someone brought her lunch.
OR Someone brought his lunch.

Rule 11b. Singular pronouns must stay singular throughout the sentence.
• Incorrect: Someone has to do it and they have to do it well.
The problem is that someone is singular, but they is plural. If we change they to he or
she, we get a rather clumsy sentence, even if it is technically correct.
• Correct: Someone has to do it and he or she has to do it well.
Replacing an ungrammatical sentence with a poorly written correction is a bad bargain.
The better option is to rewrite.
• Rewritten: Someone has to do it and has to do it well.
Many writers abhor the he or she solution. Following are more examples of why
rewriting is a better idea than using he or she or him or her to make sentences
grammatical.
• Incorrect: No one realizes when their time is up.
 • Correct but awkward: No one realizes when his or her time is up.
• Rewritten: None realize when their time is up.
• Incorrect: If you see anyone in the forest, tell them to be careful.
• Correct but awkward: If you see anyone in the forest, tell him or her to be careful.
• Rewritten: Tell anyone you see on the trail to be careful.

Rule 12. When a pronoun is linked with a noun by and, mentally remove the and + noun
phrase to avoid trouble.
• Incorrect: Her and her friend came over.
If we remove and her friend, we're left with the ungrammatical Her came over.
• Correct: She and her friend came over.
• Incorrect: I invited he and his wife.
• If we remove and his wife, we're left with the ungrammatical I invited he.
• Correct: I invited him and his wife.
• Incorrect: Bill asked my sister and I.
• If we remove my sister and, we're left with the ungrammatical Bill asked I.
• Correct: Bill asked my sister and me.
A. Choose the correct pronoun(s) for each sentence.
1) She/Her went to the store.
2) It was she/her.
3) We talked to he/him.
4) It is I/me.
5) Talk to they/them before making a decision.
6) Can you go with we/us?
7) Sally and she/her have quit the team.
8) They asked he/him and I/me to join the staff.
9) That call was for I/me, not he/him.
10) You didn’t tell we/us that they/them were here first.
11) I/me wonder what he/him could have said to she/her.
12) A message arrived for he/him and she/her.
13) Tell Imran and she/her that I/me called.
14) I am as willing as he/him to work hard.
15) She invited he/him to be her escort.
16) Eric called Daisy and I/me as soon as she could.
17) It is they/them.
18) Belle is more nervous than she/her.
19) Katie invited Lenny and I/me to the movie.
20) This is he/him speaking.

B. Fix any pronoun errors in the following sentences. Place a check mark in front of
sentences that are correct.
1) Maggie said she looked forward to seeing he and I at the airport.
2) Him and me have been good friends since second grade.
3) If you don’t mind me asking, why are you so angry?
4) My friend, unlike myself, is very artistic.
5) Please talk to Daniel or myself next time you have a concern.
6) Ask her, not me.
7) None of the doctors have been able to figure out what is wrong with she or I.
8) She is as stubborn as him, but that’s no surprise given they are sister and brother.
9) I weigh more than him.
10) I would rather work with Ronnie than with her.
11) It is us who deserve credit for this company’s third quarter profits.
12) Its a shame that some of the profits have been wasted on excessive executive
compensation packages.
13) Him complaining just made everyone else more frustrated.
14) I and my friend will stop by on our way to the bakery.
15) You can help him or me but probably not both of us.
16) We regret to inform you that you running the red light has resulted in a ticket.
17) My boss and me will pick up where they left off.
18) When the horse kicked it’s legs, the rider bounced off and landed in the lake.
19) You’re friend told his’ friend to tell my friend that their’s a party tonight.
20) The argument he gave had it’s merits.

C. Choose the correct word (Who, Whom, Whoever, Whomever) for each sentence.
1) __________ is your closest friend?
2) __________do you bank with?
3) __________do you think will win the award?
4) Carrie knows __________the winner is already.
5) Benny will talk about his girlfriend with __________ asks him.
6) Kimiko donates her time to__________ needs it most.
 7) Mike will work on the project with __________you suggest.
8) __________was that in the clown costume?
9) Kathy was not sure __________she was voting for.
10) __________wins the lottery will become a millionaire.
11) He is the man __________ was employed here.
12) She is the woman __________we employed last year.
13) Of __________were you speaking?
14) __________do you think will do the work best?
15) He is the man __________we think you mentioned.
16) I will vote for __________you suggest.
17) __________shall I ask about this matter?
18) Give the information to __________requests it.
19) Tonight we shall find out __________won.
20) __________runs this show?

D. Choose the correct word (Who, Whom, Whoever, Whomever) for each sentence..
1) We intend to notify __________ranks highest on the list.
2) These are the sign language interpreters __________I feel you should acknowledge.
3) __________can we trust in a crisis?
4) Candy, __________has a way with words, will be the valedictorian.
5) The person __________produces the most work will receive a bonus.
6) __________are you dancing with next?
7) __________would you say is the best person for this position?
8) The therapist will talk with __________needs her help.
9) We are not sure __________ set off the alarm.
10) Don’t talk with anyone __________you think might be connected with the competition.
11) __________ had my job before me?
12) It was she __________they selected for the Cabinet post.
13) Sometimes it is the one__________ does the most work who is the least tired.
14) We plan to hire an assistant __________is a good proofreader.
15) The prize will be given to __________writes the best essay.
16) The bookkeeper is the one to__________ the figures should be mailed.
17) Give the recipe for the vegetarian chili to __________calls for it.
18) __________did you really want to be there?
19) She is the contestant __________they sent to us.
20) This vacation spot will refresh __________seeks refuge here.

E. Correct who, whom, that, or which in the following sentences. Place a check mark in
front of sentences that are correct.
1) Ahmed is the skydiver that broke his back last week.
2) That is a problem that can’t be solved without a calculator.
3) That is a promise which cannot be broken.
4) The domino theory, that stated that, when one country fell to Communism, others in
the area would likely fall, was used as an argument to continue the Vietnam War.
5) The game which intrigues Gabby the most is dominoes.
6) Gandhi, who was a role model for nonviolence to millions, was assassinated.
7) The tomatoes which grow in her garden are unlike those you buy in a store.
8) The tomatoes from her garden, which grew larger than those in the grocery store,
were sweet and ripe.
9) The baker that baked that bread should win an award.
10) Books have been written which address the horrors of the Salem witch trials.
11) That book, that was discovered in the basement of the library, will be published next
year.
 12) That is a book which I have not yet read.
13) The state law which banned logging ancient redwoods was put on the ballot by voter
initiative.
14) The campaign to protect ancient redwoods, which began at the grassroots level, has
gained the attention of lawmakers at the national level.
15) The wheelchairs in that corner, which are motorized, are helpful to those who live in
urban areas.
16) The people that are on my list haven’t shown up yet.
17) The couple, which are my parents, left the party an hour ago.
18) Officer, he is the one that stole my purse.

F. Choose the appropriate pronouns to complete the sentences

1) I didn't buy ---- in the end.
a) nothing c) everybody
b) something d) anything

2) It's no good if everyone ---- to get ---- own way.

a) wants / their c) wants / their
b) want / their d) want / theirs

3) He was an only child, so he had to learn how to amuse ----.

a) himself c) anybody
b) him d) each other

4) They always defend ----. If you blame one, the other will spring to her aid.
a) themselves c) him
b) one another d) them

5) He claimed to be an expert, but he knew almost ---- about it.

a) everything c) anything
b) nothing d) something

6) If ---- had called, they would have left a message.

a) anybody c) everybody
b) nobody d) no one

7) No one can find Alice and David ----.

a) everywhere c) anywhere
b) somewhere d) nowhere

8) Despite her father's complaints, she decided to live ---- in Canada.

a) herself c) by herself
b) of her own d) her

9) The music in the house was so loud that everybody had to shout to make ---- heard.
a) herself c) themselves
b) oneself d) them

10) There was ---- to help me so I had to do all the cleaning myself.
a) anybody c) somebody
b) no one d) everyone
11) Hello Henry, Kate, Peter. Help ---- to some food and I'll be with you in a moment.
a) you c) yourself
b) yours d) yourselves

12) A student of ---- has just been to see me.

a) your c) yourself
b) yours d) you

13) Her parents were in Malaysia. So were ----.

a) mine c) my
b) your d) myself

14) The cat caught ---- tail in the door.

a) it's c) its
b) itself d) it

15) When Sally won the lottery, she pinched ---- to make sure she wasn't dreaming.
a) hers c) her
b) herself d) himself

16) ---- in the village went to the party but ---- enjoyed it very much.
a) Someone / no one c) Everyone / nobody
b) Nobody / no one d) Everyone / somebody

17) William Shakespeare is ---- who I have always admired.

a) someone c) everyone
b) no one d) anyone

18) You mustn't blame ----. You are the guilty one.
a) yourself c) myself
b) me d) you

19) Almost no friend of ---- came to the funeral.

a) her c) theirs
b) myself d) them

20) It's partly finished. There is ---- left.

a) nothing c) anything
b) everything d) something

21) The old woman lived alone, with ---- to look after ----.
a) someone / her d) no one / her
b) anyone / herself e) anyone / she's
c) everyone / she

22) ---- two rings here on my little finger belonged to ---- grandmother.
a) These / my d) The / myself
b) That / mine e) This / my
c) Those / me

23) When the little boy grabbed the gecko, ---- tail broke off in ---- hand.
a) it's / his d) it / one's
b) it / him e) its / he's
c) its / his
24) A baby learns the meaning of words as ---- are spoken by others and later uses ---- in
sentences.
a) their / they d) it / them
b) they / them e) they / it
c) they / themselves

25) Some of these clothes are ----, and the rest of ---- belong to jack.
a) yours / it d) me / they
b) my / them e) mine / them
c) hers / their

26) As for ----, I prefer to let people make up ---- minds.

a) myself / each other's d) me / their own
b) I / his own e) my / theirs
c) mine / one another's

27) The lawyer wrote a letter to Ann and ---- in which he asked us if we could settle the
matter between ----.
a) I / us d) mine / our
b) me / us e) me / we
c) myself / ours

28) As ---- cuts it as well as he does, I always have my hair cut at Johnson's.
a) anyone d) everyone
b) someone else's e) nobody's
c) no one else

29) They decided to buy the house because ---- location would allow ---- to get to work
very easily.
a) theirs / them d) they / us
b) it / themselves e) its / their
c) its / them

30) Our dog is of a very good breed as ---- is the offspring of two very champion dogs and
inherited ---- features.
a) this / its d) that / his
b) he / them e) it / their
c) she / theirs