Mew fective Leaning Mathematics ATI Basic Computationow Efciv Leaning athematis $18 1.1 Basic Rules of Arithmetic We use numbers such as 1,2, 3,4 are called natal numbers. for counting. These numbers Wholo numbers include all natural numbers and 0, i. 0,1, 2,3, [Numbers such as 1,3, 5,7, are called old numbers, while numbers such a8 0, fare called oven numbers. ‘The four operations of arithmetic are addition, subtraction, ‘multiplication and division. 342-5 ‘nation (9) | aad 2103, the sum is 5. 14-9=5 Subeaction (-) | sstvact 9 frm 14, the dil [oxz=t8 Matin ) | satiny 9 by 2, the produc is 18 (362984 362527 oul Divide 36 by 5, the quotiont is 7, the onainder 1, where the dividend is 36, a he disor i 5 Division (2) | [Notes Any number divided by 0 is wndsfine. eg. 2+ Ois undefined, mm 12 tO} i Mo" Gr naeons asic Computeton Consider the expressions 19-27 and 18-+6-= 34, vou Peeiiea ramen! Se : siacerce = oe me es nites tees rs Concept ie AD, Pilinteai 0 ence Borne Find the results ofthe following, (7 ~ 12) 7. Add3 04 4 9. Add 18 10 33, 11, Divide S6by 7 2, 246% 4, 4227-5= 6 39-254 8. Subtract 7 from 9 9 10, Multiply 12 by 6 12, Subiract 9 from 17 ooNow tfeciv Leming Hahei $18 The following ae three pairs of brackets commonly used in expressions Brackets ample Round brackets (_) 7x0-5) Square backers J | 4x(11-G+5)) Brees () | 24 ((17-@-21+5) ‘ny ron eke ple nie pe chan ue brackets replaced inside races. {LC 13 le eee | ‘Operations shouldbe done lye by layer fom the ner backets 0 the outer ones [ERRBEEET) spr iine Find the valves ofthe folowing. (a) 70442) () (6+2)x(6-2) (© 4x(19-213) Solution () 7XG442)27K6 xu) ‘esreien a2 aed rer © 642)x6=2)=8x4 COPIED sone ett 32 a (©) 4x(19-2153)=4x 9-7) 09 4x12 . a8 lasswork 1.1 Find the values ofthe following. () 3x0-4) ©) 5620243) © G+Hx(5-2) @ +8) +0-4) (©) 4x(3-1243) (0) 60+00+4%2) mistei Cogn en Find the als ft owing (@) 32-[27-(9+4)) (b) 3x (18— [4% (3+2)—10]) Solution © BART WHH]=I- AIHW) 0-01-0291 _/ oan » Pag a 5 ¢ ) bt many layers of brackets, ct woah ( See Q Pek Cnet ‘mina meres () 3% {18 [4% (9-+2)= 10) =3x[18-(4x5~ 10) ‘ete ctr one 3x {18=@20-10)} 3% (18-10) =3x8 24 lasswork 1.2 Find the vals of the following @ 44(6-0-3) (© 7x107=2)-(16- 19) ©) F8HC9- 1319 @ (2-[16-(11 9 +2 Pr Part 1: Check Yourself 1. Determine whether each ofthe following is tue and circle your answer. (2) “11 plus 9 equals 20° ean be exprested as 11+9=20, V1 () “Subaet7 from 21 equals 14" can be expressed as 7-21=14. we (©) “6times 4 equals 24° can be expressed as 6x4=24,0 1K (@) “Divide 30 by 8, the quotient ig 3 and the remainder is 6 canbe expressed as 3028=6...3 vik 2. (@) 23-842 ) 14 7%3 © 441843 @ 5xa1~4)= Part 2: Challenge Yourself 1, Find the sum of the first five natural numbers 2. Find the difference between the largest ‘and the smallest even numbers between 35 and 55, 3. Find the results ofthe following. (8) Add 3 tothe product of 4 and 8, (®) Divide 72 by 6 and then subtract 2 rom the quotint 15New Eloi LoasingWathomaics $18 fia Exercise 1A f= ~ evel 1 1. (a) Find the sum of 16 and 13. (©) Find the product of 7 and 16 (6) Find the diference of subtracting 5 from 11 (2) ind the quotient of dividing 64 by 4 2. Find the resus ofthe following, () Add 13 1 19, © (©) Muliply 4 by 13, “ Find the values ofthe following. (3 ~ 8) 3. (a) 348-2 o (@ 30=2%5 4 @) 134 16%3 » (@ seise2 5 @ 1+@4-17) (©) (23~19) 14 (ans) @ 6) 56+ 0x4) » (©) 964 (1843) o 1.) Sx(UT~15+3) Goa) o © W494) +6—11) @ 8 (@) 38 (27-1243) one o (© [07-3)x1044) +8 @ Level 2 Find the values ofthe following, (9 ~ 10) 8. (a) [(96~10)=(53=27)) x4 oy 10, (9) 1[20— (64+ 19] x24} +3 (Got o Divide 72 by 8 Subtract 6 fom 13, 28-1342) cisasy24 485622 (5+ 11)x(4+2) (Gon) SHax10-5)-6 (18-32) (12-24) Lssa)xs 95 [27-(3+8)%2] [230-(l0s~5)] +(5+10) 485 (10-15 (243)}x2-2} 11, Mrs, Law bought 4 cartons of milk of 236 ml. cach. Aer drinking 290 mL of mil, she posts the eraining rill reny into 6 cups, Howe meh miki there in each cup? misBasie Computation 12, Ina secondary schoo, there are 18 clases. Thee are 25 students in each of the 8 clases, and 21 students in each of the remaining (2) How many students re there in the School? (0) IFall students are evenly grouped under 5 houses, how many’ students are there in eth house? 13, The following shows the prices of various food and din avilable in restau, Food and drink| Frist chicken | Salad | French Ges | Sof ink sa |e 2 Untpriee [S108 ‘Mary, Dave and Judy together onde I dish of fied chicken, | dish of salad anc 1 dish of fench fies () they share the bill equally, ow much should each of them pay? (©) Linda joins them later, and then they order 1 moe dish of slad and 2 botles of sof drink, I four of them now share the bil equally, how much should eah of them pay? 14, Find the sum ofthe seven whole numbers fom It 7 inchsive 15, Find the dtference between the largest and th smallest odd numbers between 20 and 10, 16, Find the product of al even numbers between I and 9 17, Find the results ofthe Following. (4) Sulvrat 8 from 25 and then add 2 tothe dtference. (©) 3 Ges the sum of 6 and. (©) Divide 68 by 4 and then a 7 othe quotient. 1%, Find the values ofthe folowing (a) 142-344-5+6~-» =99+ 100 (8) 244-648-104 12—-— 198+200 (©) 101-+102~103 + 104—105+ 106—--~199 +200 “19> tn the following expression, make the expression comet. O-0+O*O-O-8 Fo" tn the figure, fill in the cirles with different natural numbers fiom 1 to 6 inclusive such thatthe sums ofthe numbers along three sides of the triangle ae the same. in the ireles with diferent natural numbers fom 1 10 10 nclsive to 7Ne tec Loring Maths 1.2 Factors and Index Notation — i pte pe cs ED Divisibitity 1 20tinasmlewe? Consider arranging 12 marbles into 3 rows 4 ees j@e8e @ees 2 can be divided exactly by 3. We say that ‘When a natueal number 4 can be divided by another natural mrber B without a remainder, we say that Ais divisible by B. For example, 12 is divisible by 1,2,3, 4, 6and 12. ‘As we leat at primary level, the following dvisilily tests help us TR numbers, ach ofthese natural numbers sa fior of omen fas and al a aly 20=1%20 tr 2x10 4x5 The numbers 1, 2,4, 5,10 and 20 are factors of 20. 5 me te When natural number 1 is multiplied by any natural number, the product is «mull of Forexample, the mules of 7 ae 7, 14,21, 28, «= the multiples of 15 are 15, 30,45, 60, Prime numbers and composite numbers ‘When a natural number (except 1) has Factors 1 and itself only, itis called a prime number. For example, 22 has factors {and 2 only 2 isa prime number ‘The prime numbers less than 20 are 2,3, 5,7 1, 13, 17 and 9 hea Gi Mm ‘When a natural number (excep 1 is nota prime number, itis alled a composite numb. thus 6 and 57 are composite numberseit, 1 Find all the factors ofeach number below. (@) 21 20 8 2. List the frst four multiples of each mumber below, wo 12 a all the prime numbers between $0 and 60, 4, List all the composite numbers between 29 and 43, ‘When a prime number i. fctor of N, its ealled a rine for of W ‘Consider the numbers 21 and 30 i372 1 merase and 7 ae primetactors FPP ONO'S 30 of. : ‘A composite number can always be expressed as product of prime acors. Take 60 as an example, by short division, Sarge fe 60=2x2%3%5 Usually, the prime factors are arranged from the smallest one tothe largest one in a product of prime factors, eT Express 630 as a product of prime factors and write down all the prime factors of 630 Sip the vison when ihe quote! iin ‘Saprimenunbe Solution 630 = 233 %5%7 2 Low ‘The prime factors of 630 are 2,3, Sand 7. } Faas OT PX Whensdecting a ine fora 1ow tfc Lering Mathematis $18 lasswork 1.3 Exess each ofthe following numbers asa product of prime factors and ‘write down al the prime factors ou © 110 © 9s BD Index notation [A product obtained by mutptyng the same number vera mes it called a power, ‘A power can be represented in a simpler way. For example, Acie ESS 3xaxaxa=3" eae 34g read as 3 tothe power Ba 3K3KIKD =81 134, 3isthe bose and isthe indox (or exponen. This representation is called the nox notation, In addition, 3! is considered a8 3. “The following tale shows some more examples of index notation Index tation easing * ax = z Dust | axdaKSHSSKS [DEE ar 3x77 conan or o-9x0-9 « onsters tis noted that, (2) 4° is also called “the square of #, (b) 2° isalso called “the ube of 2, Ta ty me ie (©) 7! is always written as 7. {hem Upto limay 2008. Ingen ne oe wim anne ton power HIRE te ike Minn tin RAE gue Fle a 1.12occ l ‘esc Computation ns Express each ofthe following in index notation, (a) 3x3 () 2x55 (©) 3x3x7%7x7 (@) Sx7x5%11«7 Solution (@) 3x3=8 Ww) 2x9x9=2%58 (©) 3x3x7x7« @ Sx7xSx1x7 SXTXTXI ¢obnnen SxPx1 Classwork 1.4 xpress cach ofthe following in index notation 10 () Sansa (©) 2x2x2%13%13 (@) 372x753 (ERP vee nnt pte st enue Express each ofthe following numbers asa product of prime factors ‘using index notation, 27 wn © 35 @ 7m Solution (@) 27=3%3%3 san 113efecto Lecing thomas SIA + lasswork 1.5 Express each of the following numbers as a product of prime factors using index nation, @ 2 @ 50 © 32 @ 60 (ERI) sen teneniin valuate the following, (BH ) 2 (©) 462" @ 643" Solution (@) 224375 (2x2)4 (3X3) « Epand2? sa etre er 449 =B (by 8222°=(8%8) + (2x22) 648 5 (©) #462 = (4x4) + (6x6%6)= 2X2) 1642164 =164s4 = ++ ddesework 1.8 alte the flowing 8 oe3" © Pes @ 0-8 mm 1.14 metasPart 1: Check Yourself Determine whether each of the following is true and circle your answer. (16) 1, 18's divisible by 1, 2,3, 6,8,9 and 18. vik 2, 4248 is divisible by Sand 9. VX 3. The Ars four muliples of 10 are 20,30, 40 and 50. viK 4. The prime numbers between 20 and 30 are 23 and 29 WK 5, 2, 3 and 7 are the prime factors of, vik 6. The number 5 in 2* is called the index. aK Exercise 1B f= Bosc Computation Peary Part 2: Challenge Yourself 1 Find the sum of the Ist, 4th and Sth sultples of 7 2, Find the difference between the 6th and 2nd multiples of 1 3. Express each ofthe following asa product ‘of prime factors wing index notation, (a) 282 ) 968 4, Byaluate the following. (@ St1ts2 () sea 1. In the table, determine ieach given number onthe fist column is divisible by the divisors onthe second column and ctl ll possible divisors. Number Divsibe by n [2345669 ws [2345 68 9 aoe aniseeus erent we [2a4s eno Pim [234s 689 Tonle |aaeseenseunes 2. Find all fctors ofeach number blow, @ 7 © 18 © 92 oe 115 omNow tfeciv Learning Mathematis $18 ‘List the Fist four multiples ofeach number below. ws oo 4. Find all prime factors ofeach number below. @ 88 © Bs © 4 @ 5 5. Ineach ofthe following. expres the number s a product of prime factors. @ 60 ©) 12 © 91 @ m4 6, List all prime numborsbetwoen 62 and 72. 11. Liat all composite numbers between 73 and 83. |, Expres each of the following in index notation () 242x3%3) () 3x33 x5x5 ( TePeabesxas (0) 2x2«5%2%5 (©) TCT 11) <7 (9) 3%3%2% (24253 x3) evel 2 9, Expres each ofthe following asa product of prime factors using index notation. @ 43 @) 182 (@ 288 @ as @ 616 (880 3. valuate the following wm? () 9x5 © BaF @ #42 © Ps © +6" @ 0-57 822 @ DHS @ Waa mm 1.16Bosc Computation Mi, Let 2.48 bea 3-igit mune. ‘£12, The sum ofthe langest and smallest prime numbers between 68 and 80 is divided by 5°, find the quotient, eS id ae 1.3 HCE and LCM. ae reece? Buc. Consider the numbers 24 and 36, The factors of 24 ae 1,2,3,4, 6,8, 12 and 24 The factors of 36 are 1,2,3,4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 36 ‘We can see that 1, 2,3, 4, 6 and 12 are common firs of 24 and 36, ‘where 12 isthe highest common facor (H.C), (ICE ice town te rene. Sonos. Also, we ean find the H.C. of some numbers by expressing each ‘number as a product of prime factors frst. The product ofall their ‘common prime factors gives the H.C. For example, ‘The HR of 24 and 6 is 17 comer Nom ace 17Now Efi Leiing Mahamatis $18 ([ERRIOTA vw i to ats Find the HCE. of 36 and 120. Solution Think Alo The rd al the on pine for wit te sme nes Alternative method: 2) 36 120 2) 1860 )IEFa0 30 She isn mae on HCE, lasswork 1.7 Find the H.C of each of he fllowing Sts of numbers (@ 24,180 1) 90, 44 “The method for finding the H.C. for three numbers using short, division is as follows, For example, consider to find the H.C. of 36,42 and 66 .® Divide te given umber by ‘her commen pre rs 2) 364266 somintence 3 Dag 919 Spmaiipiing ai? ‘vans shown ia 6 7 IL @S.pthe division when no mare common seen ffs excap can be fous HCE =2x3 6 three numbers do not have common factors except 1, their H.C, is mm 1.18Basic Computtion | Beample 1.8) recven cr arte smb Find the H.C of 54,126 and 162, Selotion einen Pron in math ERI (2662x397 ‘Refer to the question om the cover 162=2%3" newts ee (0) tapes ech oft along HeR=2x3# rf Aberathe athe 9 teovucnetsemae >) 34 126-102 Someones 5 esr een (tind eet ae © Classwork 1.8 Find the H.C. of each ofthe following sets of numbers (20, 60,300 (8) 84, 14, 196 Buc. Consider the miles of 18 nd 24 ‘The multiples of 18 ae 18,36, $4, 72, 90,108, 126, 144, ‘The multiples of 24 are 24 8, 72,96, 120,144, 168, From the above result, we can ind hat 72 and 14 are the fis to ‘omman moll of 1 and 24, where 72s the ls commen motile (Lem). ‘Also, we can find the L.C.M. of some numbers by expressing each ‘number as a product of prime factors. For example, ixf3]xiai axaixia! | aarxfrsapa ‘The LCM. of 18 and 24 is 72 119New fective Leming Mathosatis $18 (BRIE) ree. cadre nets Find the L.C.M, of 15 and 18 Solution Tok Aloud Ther fl rin cr wih ag nr ie he LEM, 36 sph dan en LOM, =3x5*6 2 Classwork 1.9 Find the LCM. ofeach ofthe following sets of numbers. @ 12,90 () 24,28 “The method for finding the L.C.M. for three numbers using short Avision i slighty different from that fortwo numbers. For example, consider to find the LCM. of 1, 42 and 84: “© Divide the given umbers by ‘hee commen pine tors © Contin to peta ‘Gest itre tan oatiiedtaves “une Sim pi ee 12a 136 erie akees and ———— 1-2 Sp te dvion when no moe canon este as ingre nce can od LOM=2x7x3%2 Cnerevetere a the three numbers do not have common factors except I, their L.C.M. is the product ofthese numbers. For example, LOM. of 2,3 and 5=23 x5 =30 mm 120(Bean TATY ros ec ore mnees Find the L.C.M. of 14, 36 and 84, lasswork 1.10 Find the LCM. ofeach ofthe following sets of numbers. (9) 8,20,35 () 32,48, 60 esc Computation See Part 1: Check Yourself Determine whether each of the following is tue and cirele your answer. (1 ~ 2) 1. 1, 2 and 4 are common factors of 16 and 20, vik 2, 24, 48 and 62 are the first three ‘common multiples of 8 and 12. 1 2: Challenge Yourself 1, Three pieces of sting of $4em, 108em and 144m long are cut into shorter ones cof equal length. What is the maximum length ofeach pice ofthe shorter string? 2. There is a batch of books on a shelf Roger finds that the books can be evenly divided info 4 groups, 6 groups ot 12 groups. Find the minimum number of books onthe shelf 121ow lei Leming Mathematics $18 [id Exercise 1¢ =e 1, Find the H.C. of each ofthe following sts of numbers. (12,27 (©) 60,72 (©) 70,168, 2. Find the L.CM. ofeach of the following sos of numbers, @ 6.21 (0) 24,32 (60,108 23. Express the H.C of each ofthe following Sets of numbers in index notation, (a) 252, 2x3x5%5) () 25, 2x5" (0) 2325, 2x87 4. Expres the LCM. ofeach ofthe following sets of numbers in index notation. (4) 3x35, 355 (0) 3x75, 9x7 (9) 245%, 3x57 5. Find the H.C. ofeach ofthe following ses of numbers, (18, 60,72 0) 42,63, 84 (6) 36,60, 132 (om) 6, Find the LCM, of each ofthe following sets of numbers (12,21, 28 () 15,20,25 (108, 120, 135 (coe Level 2 11. ‘There are 18 boys and 24 its in SLB, They ae divided iat groups such thatthe umber of boys and ils in each group i the same a that nthe ober. (@) At most how many groupe of students canbe formed? (©) From (a), bow many boys and irs are therein each group? 8. A group of children is going lo shate 144 pencils, 120 rulers and 72 erasers, Every cid gets the same ‘humbes of pencils, rulers and eaters, What isthe maximum number of children in he proup? 9, Thre bells A,B and C ring once for every 6 minutes, 8 minutes and 18 minutes respecively. I they ring together at | pam, when wil he rng together next ime? 10, At east how many cubis of dimensions 3em%4 em>6em should be used o form a cube? aaiarvon Re mm 1221.4 Fractions and Decimals B¥ Fractions [A whole can be divided into & number of equal prs. Consider Aividing eke imo 4 equal pisces ican be expressed as 1 4 and cach pice i equa to 1 ofthe cake, «| stotinena nga 1 It we take + ofthe cake aw ofthe cake remain. «2 ao tna neque Te tos 3 town aan. a co, my 3, Binal he met ands cle te dean. asc Computation 123ow Elev Leming Mathematics SUA ‘The following shows thee different types of fractions. 7 Example Proper faction “The numerator is smaller than the denominator. InpeoperFracion| ‘Tho numerator i greater than or equal to the denominator, Sone inropes Gartions can be reduced to whole numbers. Mixed ube ‘The sum of natural number and proper faton ‘A mixed umber can be converted into an improper faction an vie versa aust 7 a 4 Ma 3 “To expand roction, we can mally the numerator and denominator ‘by the same natural number (except 1) eg, 2=2%S.10 “The ya a he Faction © 373x375 renin nha To reduce « froction, we ean divide the numerator and denominator by their common factor (except 1). eg °* 9isacommon factor of 18 and 4. me te Boat (he ate fe aon 457452975 een IF fiaton cannot be farther educed, tis sd tobe in its simplest fom. Concept» = ascptini LD 1. Reduce the following ection to thse simplest form 2 OF me _ 86 8 of 2 Fill nthe blanks ie eal C4) Om » a ony © omy reins Kapp an SPR er Sg tn SS cn me 1243. Convert the following improper fractions into mixed numbers 49 ae Oo, 1s 175 oo o® 4. Convert the following mixed numbers into improper fractions. 1 3 2 oy way © % 5 s 4 9s oh 08 BD Decimals When a whole is divided into a number of equal pars, we can also use decimals to represent pat ofthe whole For example, In fact, we can convert a fraction into a decimal by division, For example, (On the contrary, we can also convert a decimal into a fraction in the following way im 125ow Efe Lering Hathematis STA concept itt LD. 1. Convert the following factions into dial oe we aA o8 2. Convert the following decimals into fractions. 03 @ 04 © 033 (@ 028 Operations of fractions and decimals ‘Operations involving factions and decimals also follow the rules of arithmetic, The following ae some examples. [ERRBETE) sen rat stone nn Find the values ofthe following. 241 ) 5-22 44 © 67424-31 Solution (0) PrinkAloud 0,0.9.0,.0.0ove Basic Computation EI (©) 67424-31=9.1-31 enaed nbn thts =6 (lasswork 1.11 Find the values ofthe following. 5 © ots oad (@ s8-27+19 (© 29+33-47 "Example 1.12) weeotcon mt senes Find the values ofthe following. @ that 1p (© 24x53 (@) 026134 Solution [Sn 1 hoa? tit L @ mated mpibeaxna( tl] 1277ow loi Leming Mathematics SUA (© 24x53= 12.72 24 53 1200 2 1272 (@ 0261x348 0261 ead 7830 Los DseTs © lasswork 1.12 Find the vais ofthe following eel o 15xsit Ly 4 ogghyd fo ther @ rhahed fo 3823 © 42xa5i5 [Braga BS) cnc tos tects Find he values ofthe flowing 3 1 1678 ©) Ag+ Sig* Ia (© 3647 (@ 20508 @,Basic Computation (© 336+7=48 48. @ 202+0. 3025 s) 24200 24 20 © Casework 1.13 Find the valves ofthe following 3,9 © Pp Oy 1agl @ pest o (@ 28243 0 (ERB) nt cr ce Find the values ofthe following. 2413 Lely @ Bepd ) 454 2pK15 3 © s-09+% 129ew tei Lerang Matunatis $8 © 4 Cane desi i ay 68 1 3 © Gasswork 1.14 Find the vals ofthe following. 1 674 5 52,2 © 6322 1 2 © abesaxid me 1.30one Basic Computton Ds Find be yale fe lowing : ; 4] o» [181283] w } 1 9 =(8E+286)26 cso’ o (sen 2 Gasswork 1.15 a Dal bed o (§-3} o Leal wo [1beas}ost w fest) Part 1: Check Yourself | 2 Convert the folowing fractions into 1, Determine wheter each ofthe folowing decimal iste and circle your answer. a oH ox aK oy 71x | % Convert the folowing decimals ito factions © aa @ 012= 04: © aK 131Now efi Leaing Hathemetis STA Part 2: Challenge Yourself Find the values ofthe following. (1 ~ 3) Sx (a (Wa Exercise 1D = ~ Level 1 Find the values ofthe following. (1 ~ 21) 1 244 5 (@) 15424467 . sis mm 1.32 4. Kelly has divided 3.5 kg of chocolate evenly into 6 bags. She keeps two bags ‘of chocolate and gives the rest to her thn aly ea 2 of ces shot, how muh en et? co) ays om sats oy sheadead 0) 01240340786) 6-24 - () 89-47-05 () 13-06-0495 o » =a) » ba @) 97 41.6-n4 Go 93-7528 4 31842754509 ©) 802s—sous4017 18 @ 3x8 © aw) © ove oe Onn 18 Wosxz0e ©) omrsxes oa wo fof camD o 8 13321. @) 23.258 Gow) Level 2 devs of he wing 2 2) ao) FH e$ tsi) aw) 3 29, Lauteen bought 1.5 kg of flour She used © (aes) is (351.2 ae @ 2B-uisst o o © Jy yesterday and 3 lg today. How much fours fet? 130, Dixon mie. kg of smonds ad2.5 kp of pens oat He ge F ofthe mined mats to his note and 2 kg to his brother, Find the weight ofthe emining mined nts ikea Siam1. Basic les of arithmetic. (4) Four operations of arithmetic owe Basic Computation a 2 Operation Description Adon (4) ‘At 3, the am. Subunction =) Subet 9 fom 14, tbe difeence 5 Molteation 60 Muhpy 9 by 2, the product is 8 Division (4) 362527 Divide 36 by 5, the quaint 7d the remainder i Alva right efor ul eg 5 6x3225-18 (©) Onder of brackets Cream [keel ‘Operations shouldbe done layer by layer, fom the inner brackets oth outer ones. eg, 10+ (2x(2154-)} 2. Divisibity (== =10H4 =u lorpxat=3 10+@x7) ication and division before addition and subtraction from the let othe ‘When a nitral umber 4 can be divided by anther natural number without a remainder, we sy that is divisible by 2. eg, 18 advise by 1,2,3,6, and 18 135Now Efeciv Leming Mathematis $14 3. Pectors and multiples 8") (2) When a number is expressed as a product of two of more aatural numbers each of these natural numbers feta of 2g, The number 1, 2,3, 6,9 and I ar the itr of 18, (©) When a natural number 1 is multiplied by ay natal number, the product multiple of N, 8, The multiple ofS ar 5,10, 15,20 4. Prime numbers and composite numbers m0 (2) When a natural mimber (excep 1) has factors 1 and itself only, itis called a prime number se: Tho prime numbers less than 10 2, 3,5 ad 7. (©) Natural numbers (except 1) oer than prime numbers are called composite numbers 6 From 1016 20jeclaive, the compote numbers ate 10,12, 14,15, 16,18 and 20 (©) When prime number is factor of itis aed a prime fctr of A composite number can always be expressed asa product of pime factors. 5. Index notation 5558 2x2x2x2%2=25 In 2%, 2s the base and Sis the index (or exponen), This representation cle the nex notation bg. 9=2x2.9x3%5 Pats 6 HCE and LCM, ‘We can find the H.C.F. and LCM. of given numbers by expressing each number a a product of rime factors in index notation ist, o¢ by using short division. 8 Find be HCF. and LOM. of 18, 2 and 6, ) we2xs? ® 2) 2 o 4222437 som won2x3xs. aaamIG Fores cae He. Prenre Orere re LOM. 9253 37% 10-1260Basic Computation 71. Fractions and desimals =) (@) Types factions ‘ype Proper tion Ipoper tion Mixed sunber 4 ) Expanding ation or (©) Conversion of decimal a faction 137Now efeci sing Mathes SIR {id Revision Exercise 1 = ~ Level 1 1. Write down (2) the first Give natural numbers afer 10, (©) the fist six 2-igit odd umber, (©) the fis four 3-igit even numbers 2 Find the results of he following. (@) 12plus 19 (©) 34 minus 16 (©) Times 15 (@) Divide 42 by 8 Find the values ofthe following. (8— 1) 3X @ 30-207 ( 15+15+9 4) 9-324 ©) +93 5 @ @2+9)x(10-7) © 5-1) +047 6 @ 443-1842) ( wH(143%8 1) S02 [2x(1-6) © BA @a—T)x8 ‘8 The fllowing isa route map, LV ~ = (@) prime numbers, (©) composite numbers. mm 1.38coll Basic Computation 9. Find the sum ofthe 2nd, Sr and 6th multiples of 4 0. Find the difference between the 7th multiple ofS andthe 9th mutple of 2. 11, xpress cach ofthe following numbers product of prime fctrs using index notation. 2 © 88 (©) 00 @ 126 (204 ©) 360 12 xpress the H.CE. ofeach ofthe following ses of numbers in index notation. (0) Px3%52,2«3°x7 (by SxS 11, 2H SCI 13, xpress the LCM. of each of the following sets of numbers in index notation (0) 2x3%5,203x8 () PBST, 29S 4. Find the H.C. of each ofthe following sets of mumbers (0) 32,48, 148 () 90,225,315 5. Find the LCM. ofeach of the following sets of numbers ) 24,0,72 () 39,52, 78 Evaluate the following expressions. (16 ~ 22) pare tek o 16. @) ia 1) 3 a B ” tas-9.7424 () 634591-2.38 Leglaid o Hxebart an, (a) 0.495%84 () 164x215 13922, @) 817238 () 9009-78 Level 2 Evaluate the fllowing expressions. (23 ~ 26) 23 @) [es417- C4321 () (62410) 18] «(11-2) 24, (@)_ (90+ [G4~19) x2] +25) +4 () 2% (36 [108+ (41 -84y) 25, (a) 208495 & 42) +19 26, (a) 2«[42-(15+6") +7) [107s [6 G43) 411d 27, Jimmy buys? bottles of orange juice, 3 cups fcoffee and 5 pieces of ‘ake in a coe shop, and he pays $277. Tho peices of eah bole of orange juice and each piece of cake are $29 and $24 respectively. Find th pice ofeach cup of cote. “8 In each of the following expressions, fill in the circles with different symbols +, —, * and + to form @ comest expression @ 30303030: © «O41O4OsO 29, Find the difeence between the largest and the smallest prime numbers between 30 and 80. 30, Find the results ofthe folowing (9) 12 times Sand then subtest 19 from the product. (8) 4 plus the 3rd multiple of 13 and then multiply the sum by 8 (© Divide the fist comporite number afer SO by 3 and then add 11 to the quotient, m 1.40cl Basic Computation 31. A tray of cookies are prepared forthe members in a drama club meeting. The cookies ean be evenly istibuted among 10,15, 18 or 20 members. Find the minimum aumber of pices of cookies on the tay. 32, 1F39 badges are divided evenly among group of children, 3 badges ae lek IF 64 badges ar divided evenly among these cldren, 4 badges are lft. Find the maximum numberof eile in the group Evaluate the following expressions. (33 ~ 36) a 44-4] 36 (s2-98}eb o ao eu © 36. @) [ir @resyrsits » 31. Jla has poset ony of $0 cach mth. Ste pends 3a er pocket ory on nspatn on Itt ii ee ut i th id i ves i eh 38, The we 640 menus ia move cu, whe J fem ae ele Fr male mene, of em seco 0 ens ot yebeteen 0 a0 Jus land th st om unde 30 yea Find ‘he numberof male members under 30 years ld ‘trp 29. Wi ote owe eet eee 1 then! meee : TL. 1 ia an odd number. Ao M18 prime mn a & mea ; omer «2 eae : Dy ot oy ol oO 14141. Which ofthe following is/are divisible by 9” 1989 um. 2487 Mm 3672 AL Lonly 2B. tonly ©. Tend I only D. i, tand mt 42, Which ofthe following ite factor(s) of 108? ht ns mi 36 AL Lonly B. tonly © Land I only D. tend 43, 380= AL 2xstrs. B. PxSx19, © Pxs'x19, D. Pxsx19 44, Find the product of the fist four prime numbers, " "7 30 210 pore mm 142 6 ”. Which of the following numbers is/are common fctrs) of 27 and S42 aa 18 27 AL Tonly B. only ©. Land Mt only D. Mand I only Which ofthe following pairs of numbers whose product stir LCM? 6,38 8,20 12,28 16, 80 ene ng A conin 3445 of , B onin 2g of ie, Ace mined eto bags of ctu an cocked 2g oft ied ie for dinner Find the weight of the uncooked mixed ric, 1 a hig 2 B aig 1 ce. abi 3 bagcell Basic Computtion (TT Coed 7 Validation of Hong Kong identity card number Al Hong Kong residents aged 11 above are requited to repstr for Hone Song identity card (HKD card). There is @ unique number on each HKID cand, and this HKID card number is formed by one or two capital letters followed by six single digits, and then a check digit in brackets. The check digit can be any digit within 0.9 of A. For example, BI23S4(A), —_ vcs it tan dat ay coubination of capital eters with digits in the above frmat ea valid IIKID card number? Here is one ofthe ways to validate an HKID card number. ‘Step 1: Conver al letters of an HKID card number to numbers as follows: Convert an HKID card number inthe following able where each column is given a weight, Forexample, TID ad ee [| TET [o] peste) | «| 7 «|s[«|e| eae |: | 2 4 at] ‘Step 2s Multiply each converted number by the corresponding weight, and ten add them together. If ‘he sum i divisible by 11 then the HKID card number is valid. Using the above example, (BOX 94 11X84 1X 742x643%5+4%445x344%2+ 10% 1) 21 =495=11 =45 1B123454(A) isa valid HKID card number 143ow tev Leming Hatbemotis $18 1, For each ofthe given combinations of capital letters and digits, is ita valid HKID card number? (@) -A4si2671A) () wxes7810¢4) 2, Find the check digit if C321684(C) isa valid HKID catd number.ey Answers fun a Mah dessa 1 oe) oe ws om we dessa 1.2 (8) ae ws Sloe Ame 1 Cec oe ree we naw wn 2: Challe rl sone ow facie 16 Bosc Computation "sa on ov mo we 6 a0 we om aw we fo 570 er aan er) any at rane ae] 124 m [2645390 m= |@O+Ore m [|O:Ossee wm ©? O030" me [2010310 sm [OO+OOr? ed wie hes we os ar aan os ou ae sons me oo? oe ou om noe om omg Chedgsit 13 one. 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