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Thevenin and Norton Circuit Analysis

The document discusses three topics: Thevenin's equivalent, Norton's equivalent, and instantaneous power dissipation. It explains that Thevenin's equivalent represents a circuit as a voltage source and series resistance, while Norton's equivalent uses a current source and parallel resistance. It provides steps for finding the equivalent circuits by calculating open circuit voltage or short circuit current. The equivalents are only valid for linear circuits and can be converted between each other. An example circuit is shown. Finally, it states power dissipation in circuits will be covered.

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30 views10 pages

Thevenin and Norton Circuit Analysis

The document discusses three topics: Thevenin's equivalent, Norton's equivalent, and instantaneous power dissipation. It explains that Thevenin's equivalent represents a circuit as a voltage source and series resistance, while Norton's equivalent uses a current source and parallel resistance. It provides steps for finding the equivalent circuits by calculating open circuit voltage or short circuit current. The equivalents are only valid for linear circuits and can be converted between each other. An example circuit is shown. Finally, it states power dissipation in circuits will be covered.

Uploaded by

batrujerke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE101(S3): Introduction to

Electrical and Electronics Circuits


Lecture 6 (August 5, 2021)
Instructor: Shalabh Gupta
([email protected])
Today’s topic

• Thevenin’s Equivalent
• Norton’s Equivalent
• Instantaneous Power Dissipation

EE101-S3 (Autumn 2021) 2


Thevenin’s Theorem
Any circuit with linear elements (i.e. a linear network) with
current and voltages sources can be represented as
 a voltage source with a series resistance across two of its terminals
 it is known as the Thevenin’s equivalent of the circuit.
 The equivalent circuit model is valid for sinusoidal sources and
complex impedance values also.
 NOT VALID for circuits with non-linear elements

Thevenin’s
equivalent

EE204M (Autumn 2020) 3


Norton’s Theorem
Any circuit with linear elements (i.e. a linear network) with current
and voltages sources can be represented as
 a current source with a parallel resistor across two of its terminals
 it is known as the Norton’s equivalent of the circuit.
 The equivalent circuit model is valid for sinusoidal sources and complex
impedance values also.
 NOT VALID for circuits with non-linear elements

Norton’s
equivalent

EE204M (Autumn 2020) 4


Finding the equivalent circuits: Step 1
• Thevenin’s Equivalent: Open Circuit the two terminals and find the
voltage across them (i.e. the NO-LOAD or OPEN-CIRCUIT voltage). This
voltage is the Thevenin’s equivalent voltage 𝑉𝑇 .
• Norton’s Equivalent: Short circuit the two terminals and find the
current flowing through the output i.e. the NO-LOAD or SHORT-
CIRCUIT current. This current is the Norton’s equivalent current IN .
• Important Note:
 NO-LOAD (zero-load) for a current source
is zero-resistance (i.e. short circuit)
 NO-LOAD (zero-load) for a voltage source
is infinite-resistance (i.e. open circuit)

EE204M (Autumn 2020) 5


Finding the equivalent circuits: Step 2
• Make all INDEPENDENT voltage and current sources equal to zero (i.e. all
voltages sources have to be short circuited and all current sources have
to be open circuited).
• Leave dependent sources (i.e. sources dependent on in-circuit voltages or
currents) untouched.
• Find the effective resistance R (or impedance Z) across the terminals. This
gives the Thevenin’s equivalent or Norton’s equivalent resistance (or
impedance) of the circuit.

EE204M (Autumn 2020) 6


Important points to note
• The Thevenin’s or Norton’s equivalents have the same
equivalent resistance (or impedance) value

• The Norton equivalent can be converted to Thevenin’s


equivalent circuit (and vice-versa) using the same approach,
which gives
𝑉𝑇 = 𝐼𝑁 × 𝑅𝑁 𝐼𝑁 = 𝑉𝑇 /𝑅𝑇
• These equivalent circuit models are valid only for linear
circuit components.

EE204M (Autumn 2020) 7


Equivalent Circuit Example

EE204M (Autumn 2020) 8


EE101-S3 (Autumn 2021) 9
Power Dissipation in Circuits

EE101-S3 (Autumn 2021) 10

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