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L11-Bacterial Identification

This document discusses the identification of unknown microorganisms in 3 sentences: The document outlines the principles of identifying unknown microbes using phenotypic, immunological, and genotypic methods including microscopy, biochemical tests, and molecular techniques. It emphasizes the importance of proper specimen collection, handling, and storage to obtain successful identification of microbes in the laboratory within 48 hours using techniques like culturing, isolation, and analyzing morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of microbial specimens. Identification of clinical samples is also used to determine the most effective control methods through susceptibility testing.

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Sundos Salah
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47 views19 pages

L11-Bacterial Identification

This document discusses the identification of unknown microorganisms in 3 sentences: The document outlines the principles of identifying unknown microbes using phenotypic, immunological, and genotypic methods including microscopy, biochemical tests, and molecular techniques. It emphasizes the importance of proper specimen collection, handling, and storage to obtain successful identification of microbes in the laboratory within 48 hours using techniques like culturing, isolation, and analyzing morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of microbial specimens. Identification of clinical samples is also used to determine the most effective control methods through susceptibility testing.

Uploaded by

Sundos Salah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Faculty : Dental medicine and surgery

 Year : 1st year


 Batch :15
 Course: Principles of disease –I (DE-DIS-212)
 Instructor : Mawada Mohammed Yahia
 Phone No: 0908205000
Mawada Mohammed
 For many students and professionals the most pressing
topic in microbiology is how to identify unknown
specimens.

 Why is this important?

 Labs can grow, isolate and identify most routinely


encountered bacteria within 48 hrs of sampling.

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 The methods microbiologist use fall into three
categories:

♣ Phenotypic- morphology (micro and macroscopic)

♣ Immunological- serological analysis

♣ Genotypic- genetic techniques


 The successful identification of microbe depends on:
♥ Using the proper aseptic techniques.
♥ Correctly obtaining the specimen.
♥ Correctly handling the specimen
♥ Quickly transporting the specimen to the
lab.
♥ Once the specimen reaches the lab it is
cultured and identified.

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 Identification measures include:
♣ Microscopy (staining)
♣ growth on enrichment, selective, differential or
characteristic media
♣ specimen biochemical test (rapid test methods)
♣ immunological techniques
♣ molecular (genotypic) methods.
 After the microbe is identified for clinical samples it is
used in susceptibility tests to find which method of
control is most effective.

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 ‘Old fashioned’ methods via biochemical, serological
and morphological are still used to identify many
microorganisms.

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 E.g. Throat and nasopharyngeal swabs should not
touch the cheek, tongue or salvia.

 After collection the specimen must be taken


promptly to the lab and stored appropriately (e.g.
refrigeration
 Successful identification depends on how the specimen is
collected, handled and stored.
 It is important that general aseptic procedures be used
including sterile sample containers and sampling
methods to prevent contamination of the specimen.

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 Microscopic Morphology include a combination of cell
shape, size, Gram stain, acid fast stain, special
structures e.g. endospores, granule and capsule can be
used to give an initial putative identification.
 Microbiologists use 5 basic techniques to grow,
examine and characterize microorganisms in the
lab.
 They are called the 5 ‘I’s: inoculation, incubation,
isolation, inspection and identification.

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 Inoculation: to culture microorganisms a tiny
sample (inoculum) is introduced into medium
(inoculation).
 Isolation involves the separating one species from
another.
 Incubation: once the media is inoculated it is incubated
which means putting the culture in a controlled
environment (incubation) to allow for multiplication.
 After incubation the organisms are inspected and
identified phenotypically, immunologically or
genetically.

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 Macroscopic morphology are traits that can be
accessed with the naked eye e.g. appearance of colony
including texture, shape, pigment, speed of growth and
growth pattern in broth.
 Physiology/Biochemical characteristic are traditional
mainstay of bacterial identification.
 These include enzymes (catalase, oxidase,
decarboxylase), fermentation of sugars, capacity to
digest or metabolize complex polymers and sensitivity to
drugs can be used in identification.

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 Immunological methods involve the interaction of a
microbial antigen with an antibody (produced by the
host immune system).
 Testing for microbial antigen or the production of
antibodies is often easier than test for the microbe itself.
 Lab kits based on this technique is available for the
identification of many microorganisms.

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Specimen collection
isolation

5 “I” s
inoculation
inspection

identification
incubation 18
Questions??

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