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SPECIFICATION FOR PIPING

SUPPORTS (PIPING)

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0 1400/02/04 Issued for Comment M.N. B.M.
Rev. Date Status Prepared. Checked. Approved AC

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Table of Content
1.TERMS AND DEFINITIONS........................................................................................ 4
2.SCOPE………………………… ...................................................................................... 4
3.REFERENCED STANDARDS ...................................................................................... 4
4.DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY ........................................................................ 6
5.UNITS……………………………. .................................................................................. 8
6.GENERAL………………………. ................................................................................... 8
7.DESIGN RULES……………….. .................................................................................... 9
8.SPECIFIC SUPPORTS CRITERIA ............................................................................ 11
9.SUPPORT SPANS…………………. ............................................................................. 13

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1. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

• Owner/Client: Abadan Petrochemical Company

• EPC Contractor: Butane Procurement & Engeneering Services Company, Shall Mean
the Contractor Responsible For Engineering, Procurement & Construction of the Project.

• Vendor: The manufacturer /manufacturer's representative selected by the contractor &

approved by the client to supply equipment tools.

• Will: Is normally used in connection with the action by the "company" rather than by a
contractor, supplier or vendor.

• May: Is used where a provision is completely discretionary.

• Should: Is used where a provision is advisory only.

• Shall: Is used where a provision is mandatory.

2. SCOPE
This Standard covers the requirements for selection, design, fabrication and erection of
supports and supporting elements used for on-plot and off-plot piping in oil, gas and
Petrochemical Industries.

Both insulated and un-insulated piping are covered by this Standard.

3. REFERENCED STANDARDS
Throughout this Standard the following standards and codes are referred to. The edition
of these standards and codes that are in effect at the time of publication of this Standard
shall, to the extent specified herein, form a part of this Standard.

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The applicability of changes in standards and codes that occur after the date of this
Standard shall be mutually agreed upon by the Company and the Vendor:

IPS-G-PI-280 General Standard for Pipe Supports

IPS-E-PI-240 Engineering Standard for Plant Piping system

IPS-D-PI-130 Standard Pipe Supports

ASME B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping

ASME B31.4 Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum

Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia, and Alcohol

ASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems

ASME Section IX Qualification Standard for Welding and Brazing Procedures,

Welders, Brazers and Welding and Brazing Operators

ANSI/UL 203 Pipe Hanger Equipment

ASTM A6-88c Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Steel Plates, Shapes,
Steel Piling, and Bars for Structural Use

ASTM A 153-80 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware

ASTM A 165-80 Specification for Electrodeposited Coating of Cadmium on Steel

ASTM A 386-78 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Assembled Steel Products

ASTM A 403M-88a Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings

ASTM A 526 Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc Coated (Galvanized) by the Hot-Dip
Process, Commercial Quality

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ASTM B 454-76 Specification for Mechanically Deposited Coatings of Cadmium and

Zinc on Ferrous Metals

ASTM B 633-78 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel"

MSS SP-58 Pipe Hangers and Supports Materials, Design and Manufacturer

MSS SP-89 Pipe Hangers and Supports Fabrication and Installation Practices

MSS SP-90 Guidelines on Terminology for Pipe Hangers and Supports

BS 3974 Parts 1&2 Pipe Supports

4. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

For the purpose of this Standard the definitions and terminology given in MSS-SP-90
shall apply. In addition, the following definitions and terminology shall hold.

4.1 Constraint

A device which restrains the pipe from displacement and/or rotation.

4.2 Cradle or Pipe Shoe

A device placed between the pipe and the supporting structure. Usually made from plate
or cut from sections, welded or clamped to the pipe.

4.3 Dummy Support

A support welded to an elbow of the prefabricated pipe. The pipe dummy will rest on the
support structure and so support the pipe at the change of direction. A pipe dummy is
made from pipe, usually of a smaller diameter than the pipe to which it is welded.

4.4 Engineer

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A person who shall be appointed time to time by the Company to exercise the functions
entrusted to him under the contract and whose appointment has been notified by the
Company in writing to the Executor.

4.5 Executor

The Executor is the party which carries out all or part of construction and/or
commissioning of the project.

4.6 Pipe Stanchion

A tubular supporting element with base plate, being part of the prefabricated pipe. When
considerable site adjusting is required, the pipe stanchion may be of the 2-piece type,
welded together after adjustment. In the latter case, the upper part shall be part of the
prefabricated pipe.

4.7 Shoe

Normally a tee section attached to the pipe to transmit the load or forces to the adjacent
structure.

4.8 Structural Attachments

Structural attachments include elements which are welded, bolted, or clamped to the pipe,
such as clips, lugs, rings, clamps, clevises, straps, and skirts.

4.9 Supporting Elements

The broad terms "Supporting Elements" or "Supports" shall encompass the entire range
of the various methods of carrying the weight of pipelines, insulation, and the fluid
carried. It therefore includes "Hangers" which are generally considered as those elements
which carry the weight from above, with the supporting members being mainly in
tension. Likewise, it includes "Supports" which on occasion are delineated as those
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which carry the weight from below, with the supporting members being mainly in
compression. In many cases a supporting element may be a combination of both of these.

4.10 Sway Strut

An adjustable device, usually applied for restraining movement of piping in one direction
while providing for movement in another direction.

4.11 Trunnion

A tubular supporting device, branching-off horizontally from a vertical line, and resting
on, or suspended from, the supporting structure.

4.12 U-Clip

A general description of the various types of U-shaped straps, bolted or welded to the
supporting structure, clamping or guiding the line. A typical use of such a clip (welded
as well as bolted) is on vibrating compressor lines. In some cases the U-clip may have
one spring loaded bolt and, if necessary, a shim plate welded to the bottom of the pipe.

5. UNITS
5.1 This specification is based on international standard SI units except where otherwise
is specified.

6. GENERAL
Pipe supports shall be designed, manufactured, fabricated, inspected and/or selected for
installation in accordance with ANSI/ASME B31.3, B31.4, B31.8 and also MSS SP-58,
MSS SP-89, BS 3974.

6.1 The Executor shall prepare an index of pipe supports with identification number
together with bill of materials.

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7. DESIGN RULES
The following design rules are applicable to standard and special auxiliary piping
supports.

7.1 General Criteria

Use of Standard Piping Supports shall be maximized in order to limit the number of
support types. Temporary pipe supports may be used only for load conditions
encountered during erection, hydrostatic testing, long-term maintenance work, and
repairs. Unless specified otherwise, only temporary pipe supports required for
hydrostatic testing in position (as pipe rack) shall be designed. The temporary service of
such supports shall be clearly indicated to ensure their removal upon completion of
testing if necessary.

Piping subject to frequent dismantling for standard maintenance (e.g. decoking lines,
lines connected to heat exchangers) or for operative requirements (e.g. installation of
blind flanges)shall be provided with supports for pipe-erected and pipe-dismantled
positions. It shall be clearly indicated whether a given support is for use under all line
conditions or only for the dismantled condition.

Support structural members shall be designed on the basis of contract standards for
structural steel construction.

Pipe used for fabricating supports shall be end-sealed and equipped with drain hole.

Rigid supports located in proximity to pumps, turbines and compressors shall be

adjustable type.

Where piping is subject to dynamic stresses, it shall be necessary to evaluate the

feasibility of using damping supports.

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Supports shall be designed and installed to warrant free thermal expansion of pipes and
to avoid sagging and strain on equipment according to allowable loads.

Supports shall be designed to take into account stress analysis conditions as earthquake,
wind or surge effects.

Two phases flow lines will have special support consideration.

Pipe supports connected to columns, vessels and heat exchangers shall not cause undue
local or overall stresses on such equipment.

Admissible forces and moments shall be determined according to the Pressure Vessel &
Heat Exchangers Department or with Supplier acceptance.

7.2 Supports Displacements

Supports displacements should consider the various temperature conditions that may
occur during

Operating, start up, shut down and in particular:

Design temperature of the line.

According to the site climatic data

Minimum ambient temperature : 5°C

Maximum ambient temperature : 48°C

Solar temperature : 78°C

Steam out temperature if specified.

Steam tracing for traced lines without circulation.

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7.3 Design Temperature

Design temperature for supports shall be the greatest of the temperature defined in
paragraph 6.2.

8. SPECIFIC SUPPORTS CRITERIA

8.1 Reciprocating compressors

Lines connected to reciprocating compressors shall be supported as follow:

Directly on pavement with or without concrete reinforcement.

On structure designed to avoid transmission of vibrations.

All supports with guides are required without gap except for thermal effects.

When required anti vibrating supports, supports may be designed with special spring
washers.

Lines connected to reciprocating compressors should not have rigid connections with
metallic structures or foundations of other equipment.

8.2 Pressure safety valves

Pipes connected to pressure safety valves (PSV) shall be supported close to the PSV as
follow:

Anchor support at the PSV discharge

Simple support at the PSV inlet.

Anchor support shall be designed to withstand to the static and dynamic loads.

These requirements are also applied for rupture disks.

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8.3 Hangers

Hangers by tie-rods may be used when resting shoes are not realizable and according to
stress analysis imposition to reduce friction loads.

Where the pipe is subject to movement at tie-rod connection point, two hinges shall be
provided to allow the tie-rod to follow such movement.

Length of tie-rod shall be at least 15 times the pipes horizontal movement. Minimum tie-
rod length may be halved provided there is an offset between the point of connection of
tie-rod to pipe and the point of connection to supporting structure, in the opposite
direction of excepted horizontal movement and of half its value.

In order to use tie-rods with lengths less than the minimum values given above, the effect
of vertical movement associated with tie-rod inclination shall be evaluated on a case by
case basis, in order to determine the effective force acting on the tie-rod and the load
variation on adjoining supports.

Tie-rods shall be adjustable when used with pipes having a diameter from 2" and above.

Safe loads for threaded hanger rods shall be based on the root area of the threads and
allowable stress of the material.

8.4 Spring hangers

Spring hangers shall be used when advised by piping stress department. Nevertheless,
spring hangers shall be avoiding by means of particular layout.

The first three rules indicated in the paragraph relevant to the tie-rods shall apply to
variable and constant spring hangers (i.e. length of tie-rod considered as distance between
two hinges).

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8.5 Rigid struts

Rigid struts shall be used for absorption of shocks in the event of unscheduled load at
stress analysis request to protect sensitive equipment.

Rigid strut may be also used for guiding of piping system to enforce planned thermal
displacement or when a standard guide welded lug is unrealizable.

Rigid struts are articulated on each side and loads reversible.

8.6 Friction plates

Low friction plates shall be used when advised by piping stress group or Civil Work
department.

The effect of friction shall be calculated based on the following:

Surfaces Friction factor

Steel to steel ....................................................................0.3

Stainless steel to PTFE ....................................................0.1

9. SUPPORT SPANS
9.1. Horizontal Span

9.1.1. Support span should generally be determined by the more stringent

Requirement between the stress by bending moment and piping deflection in

Span, considering the weights of piping components, fluid and insulation.

These limitations should be 50% of allowable stress and 25 mm respectively.

Additionally, local stress at supporting points shall be considered to decide their

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Spans for large size piping.

9.1.2. Maximum horizontal pipe support span shall be referred to the Appendix

“A". For support spans, not covered in the appendix “A”, the support spans shall

Be confirmed to meet the requirement of Clause 8.1.1.

9.1.3. For small size horizontal piping, when the maximum allowable support

Span applied, the proper guide supports shall be provided in middle of support

Span to reduce the line lateral movements as per Clause 8.2.

9.1.4. Pipe rack and sleeper usually have standard interval 6m, 9m and 12m of

Longitudinal column span, and intermediate sub-beams in interval between

Columns are provided with 3m pitch.

The interval of pipe rack and sleeper should be extended and sub-beams should

Be deleted, if the piping allowed the interval given in Appendix “A”.

Considering this standard interval of columns and pitch of sub-beams, the

Following standard support span should be applied to horizontal piping on pipe

Rack and sleeper;

Pipe Size (NPS) Standard Span (m)

3/4" to 1-1/2” 3m
2” to 12” 6m
14” to 24” 12 m
Above 24” Note (a)
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Note; a) for pipe size 26” and above, supports span shall be decided as per

Criteria of Clause 8.1.1.

9.1.5. The following formula indicates maximum allowable spans between supports.

Where: L = Span (mm)

W = Distributed weight (kg/mm)

E = Modulus of elasticity (kg/mm2) (Obtained

From appendix C, Table C-6 ASME B31.3.)

D = Deflection (mm)

I = Second moment of area (mm4)

a) Spans are based on a formula that gives a compromise between a beam with fixed
ends, and a freely supported beam.

b) For lines operating above 200°C, support span should be checked with regard to
allowable stress limitations at the specific temperature involved by stress analysis
engineer.

c) In general, Span shall be determined so that; the deflection of piping by the weight of
piping components, process fluid and insulation will not exceed 20 mm.

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9.2. Guides Spacing8.2.1. Max spacing of guides for vertical or horizontal pipe lines shall
be as follows:

9.2.2. These spacing’s may be varied to suit steel beams or pipe rack band spacing.

9.2.3. The above spacing is for straight runs of pipe and does not include guides Which
are used to control the thermal movement such as would occur at expansion Loops. For
line operating in vibrating service the spacing shall be reviewed in consideration of the
vibration source type (i.e. slug flow, two phases etc.)

9.2.4. For vertical pipes 6" and larger, where guiding spacing is calculated to be more
than 9 m. The formula used to calculate the guide spacing is that of a simple beam with
one span.

9.2.5. Actual spacing of pipe guides shall be defined in accordance with the max

Wind pressure, as per applicable code or project requirements.

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NOTES:

* Spans limited by stress (all others limited by deflection)

† Pipe walls require reinforcing at point of support.

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