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Basic USIT Interpretation

This document discusses potential issues that may affect the interpretation of USIT cement bond logs, including: 1. Formation reflections, gas microannuli, cement contamination, casing shape irregularities, and measurement limitations can complicate the USIT interpretation. 2. Special casing types like alloyed steel and fiberglass can impact acoustic properties and change the measured cement impedance. 3. Internal casing roughness reduces impedance while external roughness increases it, and deposits on the inner diameter also affect measurements.

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Mehdi Norouzi
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99 views10 pages

Basic USIT Interpretation

This document discusses potential issues that may affect the interpretation of USIT cement bond logs, including: 1. Formation reflections, gas microannuli, cement contamination, casing shape irregularities, and measurement limitations can complicate the USIT interpretation. 2. Special casing types like alloyed steel and fiberglass can impact acoustic properties and change the measured cement impedance. 3. Internal casing roughness reduces impedance while external roughness increases it, and deposits on the inner diameter also affect measurements.

Uploaded by

Mehdi Norouzi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic USIT Interpretation

USIT Interpretation Concerns


• Annular gas
• Formulation reflections secondary signals
• Microannulus
• Cement contamination
• Eccentering
• Measurement limitations
• Casing rugosity

2 USIT-Int
USIT Job
Formation Reflection:
The T3 processing is deliberately short to minimize
contamination by reflections. Formation reflections are to be
significant when:

1. The 3rd interface is smooth and provides a large impedance


contrast with the cement (i.E., Double string or hard
formation).
2. The annulus is thin or the process window is long.
3. The cement is of high density and well set. It will have high
acoustic velocity and low attenuation.

3 USIT-Int
USIT Job, ctd.
Galaxy Patterns:
They are formation/casing reflections that have
characteristic pattern of interference fringes on the cement
map.

Due to the constructive or destructive signal interference


the apparent impedance is respectively reduced or
increased resulting in fringes oriented parallel to the casing
and centered on the narrowest part of the cement sheath.

4 USIT-Int
Special Casing Types
Alloyed Steel Casing:
In stainless and high alloy the acoustic velocity can vary up to
+/- 5% causing .

1. A small effect on measured cement impedance (0 -0.5


Mrayl).
2. An error in casing thickness of up to +/- 5%.

5 USIT-Int
Special Casing Types, ctd.
Fiberglass Casing:
This casing cannot be evaluated by the USIT at this time.
Why not?

Fiberglass has a much lower acoustic velocity and density


than steel, so its acoustic impedance is much lower than
steel and similar to neat cement.

The casing cannot resonate and the T3 processing is not


suitable for evaluating the thickness or cementation.

6 USIT-Int
Special Casing Types, ctd.
Protective Coatings
They change the effective impedance in contact with the
casing, preventing a cement impedance measurement, but a
thickness measurement should be possible.

Special Equipments
Scratchers, centralizers, external casing packers, dump
valves and collars affect the measurement.
The change in effective thickness means T3 parameters are
out of range.

7 USIT-Int
Casing Shape, Rugosity…
Rugosity
• Internal rugosity reduces the initial reflection, reducing the measured
impedance causing gas effect.
• External rugosity damps the resonance and increases the measured
impedance.

8 USIT-Int
Casing Shape, Rugosity…, ctd.
Cleanliness
• Deposits on the inner diameter will change the measured impedance.
Microannulus
• A small fluid-filled gap between casing and cement.
• This causes a reduction in measured impedance.
• Gas micro annulus is seen as Gas...

9 USIT-Int
Casing Shape, Rugosity…, ctd.
Shape
• Welded casing may cause the appearance of a vertical line on the
amplitude and impedance maps, and, in extreme cases, on the radius
and thickness maps.
Seamless
• Generally have thickness variations of around 10%, the inner
diameter causing the variation in profile.
• Typical problems are eccentered bore and bore ovality causing a
reduced measured impedance.
• Non parallel surface (inner and outer diameter) causes a reduction in
resonant energy, and hence, an increased measured impedance.
10 USIT-Int

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