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Title: Experiment NO

This experiment introduces the electromagnetic simulation software CST Microwave Studio, which solves Maxwell's equations numerically to model electromagnetic fields and circuit responses. As an example, a 50 ohm microstrip transmission line is modeled and simulated, with results showing the propagation constant and wave impedance matching 50 ohms as desired. The requirements then ask to repeat the simulation matching the line to 75 ohms instead and plot various S-parameter results.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
80 views19 pages

Title: Experiment NO

This experiment introduces the electromagnetic simulation software CST Microwave Studio, which solves Maxwell's equations numerically to model electromagnetic fields and circuit responses. As an example, a 50 ohm microstrip transmission line is modeled and simulated, with results showing the propagation constant and wave impedance matching 50 ohms as desired. The requirements then ask to repeat the simulation matching the line to 75 ohms instead and plot various S-parameter results.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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EXPERIMENT

NO
: 06

Introduction to CST
TITLE :

DATE OF
:
EXPERIMENT

INSTRUCTOR : Hamail Sultan

GROUP # : ______________________________________

: ___________________
GROUP MEMBERS
Introduction to CST

This experiment is an introduction to CST software (Computer Simulation


Technology) which is powerful numerical full electromagnetic simulator. It
simplifies solving complex structures as it solves for Maxwell’s equations
numerically inside the structure. CST gives a complete insight about the E & H
fields behaviors within the structure in either time or frequency domain. It
also enables prediction of designed circuit response before going into the
complicated and costly process of fabrication.

This experiment introduces the following:


 Creating new project
 Setup a new design
 GUI introduction
 Creating a microstrip transmission line (MLIN) design.
 Simulation of the MLIN
 Results extraction and evaluation
Creating a new project

1) From the start-up menu shown below, choose CST Microwave


Studio

2) Afterwards, from the design template menu choose <None>.


3) Next, the CST Microwave Studio Interface appears as shown
below.

Drawing Area

Parameters List
Message Window
Units Definition

 From the main menu tool bar choose Solve>> Units


 Set the dimensions to be in (mm.) and the frequency to be in
GHz
Background properties

 From the main menu tool bar choose Solve>> Background


material.
 Set the material type to be >> Normal as shown below.
Frequency Range

 From the main menu tool bar choose Solve>> Frequency.


 Adjust the min and max frequency.
Boundary Conditions

 From the main menu tool bar choose Solve>> Boundary


Conditions. ( Free space)
 Choose the boundary condition to be Open and mark “Apply in
all directions”.
Introductory Example

To get familiar with the EM simulation tool, an introductory example is


illustrated below aiming to simulate the EM fields in a 50 Ω microstrip
transmission line in a frequency range from 1 to 5 GHz.

Procedure:
1. Draw the microstrip transmission line as shown in figure below.
The material of the substrate is FR4 with relative permittivity of
4.4 and thickness of 1.5 mm.
W
L

h εr

parameter value
W 20
L 30
h 1.5
εr 4.3

 First of all define the three parameters of the substrate “Length,


Width and height” in the parameters list bar.

 From the main menu tool bar choose Objects>> Basic Shapes
>> Brick.
 Define the substrate’s parameters in the menu shown below.
And from the Material icon >> Load from Material Library and
choose Fr4 (loss free).
 After clicking load then ok from the parameters list menu. The
Substrate is drawn as shown below
2. Assign the lower surface as perfect conductor boundary
(Ground).

3. Draw the strip on the upper surface as a rectangle with


dimensions 2.8x20 mm. then assign this rectangle as perfect
conductor (PEC).
 The width of the microstrip transmission line is determined to
be 2.8 mm in order to maintain a perfect match of the MTL to
50 Ω.

4. In order to excite the EM wave inside the microstrip transmission


line, 2 waveguide ports are created.
Mesh Properties

 From the main menu bar choose mesh>> Global Mesh


Properties.
Transient Solver

 From the main menu bar choose Solve>> Transient Solver.

 From the above menu, Click Start to start the simulation.


Results

 After completing the simulation, from the navigation menu,


choose 2D/3D results >> Port modes>> Port1>> e1 >> X
as shown

 From the menu on the left, some important wave parameters


are indicated like the propagation constant β and wave
impedance as shown. It is also clear that the MTL impedance
is kept to 51.155 Ω.

 Investigating the S-Parameters, from the navigation list >>


1D Results >> S-Parameters.
Requirements

1) Repeat the simulation of the MTL but this time it is required to


match it to 75 Ω instead of 50Ω of the introductory example. Use
waveguide ports this time.
2) Plot the S-Parameters (magnitude and phase).
3) Plot S21 and S12 individually ( magnitude and phase)
4) Plot S11 and S22 individually (magnitude and phase).

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