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Pile Load Test

The document summarizes the procedure for determining the bearing capacity of soil using a pile load test. Key steps include: 1) Driving a test pile into the ground between two anchor piles and applying a load through a hydraulic jack. 2) Incrementally increasing the load in stages while monitoring settlement using dial gauges until a failure point or maximum settlement is reached. 3) Creating a load-settlement curve from the test to determine the ultimate load capacity and safe working load of the pile based on settlement thresholds. Precautions are noted such as only using immediate settlement for sandy soils and accounting for consolidation in clayey soils.

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008 Anup Kumar
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142 views8 pages

Pile Load Test

The document summarizes the procedure for determining the bearing capacity of soil using a pile load test. Key steps include: 1) Driving a test pile into the ground between two anchor piles and applying a load through a hydraulic jack. 2) Incrementally increasing the load in stages while monitoring settlement using dial gauges until a failure point or maximum settlement is reached. 3) Creating a load-settlement curve from the test to determine the ultimate load capacity and safe working load of the pile based on settlement thresholds. Precautions are noted such as only using immediate settlement for sandy soils and accounting for consolidation in clayey soils.

Uploaded by

008 Anup Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEOTECHNICAL

ENGINEERING LAB
The bearing capacity of soil using pile load test

Anup Kumar
2018UGCE008
Civil engineering (6th sem)

Date – 03.06.2021
AIM
To determine the bearing capacity of soil using pile load test.

THOERY
Pile load test procedures can change slightly from region to region
depending on the local building codes.

•A pile is driven and a load is applied to the pile.

•Fig. below is a highly simplified diagram of a pile load test. Nevertheless,


it shows all the main parts that are needed to conduct a pile load test.

Generally, to conduct a pile load test, one needs a driven pile, a load
(usually steel and timber), a hydraulic jack, deflection gauge, and a load
indicator.

The gauges should be placed to measure the following the load on the pile-
settlement of the pile

APPARATUS REQUIRED
* Anchor Girder or Reaction Girders

* Hydraulic Jack

* Test Pile

* Anchor Pile
* Dial Gauges

* Reaction Truss (in case of truss loading)

PROCEDURE
* The set-up consists of two anchor piles provided with an anchor girder or
reaction girder at their top.

* The test pile is installed between the anchor piles as like foundation pile is
installed. The test pile should be at lest 3B or 2.5m clear from the anchor
pile.

* The test is conducted after a rest period of 3 days after the installation in
sandy soils and period of one month in silts and soft clays.

* The load is applied through a hydraulic jack resting on the reaction girder
or Truss.

* The measurement of pile movement are taken with respect to a fixed


reference mark.

* The load is applied in equal increment of about 20% of the allowable load.

* Settlement should be recorded with 3 dial gauges.

* Each stage of the loading is maintained till the rate of movement of the
pile top is not more than 0.1mm per hour in sandy soils and 0.02mm per
hour in case of clayey soils as maximum of two hours.

* Under each load increment, settlements are observed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12,


16, 20, 60 minutes.

* The loading should be continued up to twice the safe load or the load at
which the total settlement reaches a specified value.
* The load is removed in the same decrements at 1 hour interval & the final
rebound recorded 24 hours after the entire load has been removed.

* Plot a graph of Load Settlement and make a curve for loading as well as
unloading obtained from a pile load test.
CALCULATIONS
Figure shows a typical Load-Settlement curve for loading as well as
unloading from a pile load test.

For any given load, the net pile settlement (Sn ) is given by,

Sn = St – Se

Where , St = Total settlement (gross settlement)

Se = Elastic settlement (rebound) curve.


RESULT
1.At the ULTIMATE LOAD (Qu), the load-settlement curve becomes either
linear as curve (2) Or There is a sharp break as in the curve (1), as shown in
Fig.(A). The safe load is usually taken as one-half of the Ultimate load. 
According to IS:2911,

2. two-third of the final load at which the total settlement is 12mm,


whichever is less.

3. Two-third of the final load which causes a net settlement(residual


settlement after removal of load) of 6 mm.

PRECAUTIONS
->Test should be performed for foundation.

->Since the load test is of short duration, consolidation settlement cannot be


predicted.

->If the underlying soil is sandy in nature, immediate settlement should be


taken as total settlement.

->If the underlying soil is clayey in nature, immediate settlement is only a


fraction of total settlement. Load tests therefore do not have much
significance in case of clayey soil.

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