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Lab 5 - Ring AC Distributor

This document describes an experiment on implementing an AC ring distribution system. Key points: 1) An AC ring distribution system forms a loop circuit with distribution transformers tapped along the feeder lines. This provides reliability and less voltage fluctuations. 2) The experiment tests different connection scenarios of 3 distributors (A, B, C) connected to a feeder, with 2 loads of 100W each. Voltage, current, power factors are measured and recorded. 3) Calculations and observations are shown in tables for analysis of the power distribution in each connection case between distributors B and C.

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Muhammad Anas
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147 views6 pages

Lab 5 - Ring AC Distributor

This document describes an experiment on implementing an AC ring distribution system. Key points: 1) An AC ring distribution system forms a loop circuit with distribution transformers tapped along the feeder lines. This provides reliability and less voltage fluctuations. 2) The experiment tests different connection scenarios of 3 distributors (A, B, C) connected to a feeder, with 2 loads of 100W each. Voltage, current, power factors are measured and recorded. 3) Calculations and observations are shown in tables for analysis of the power distribution in each connection case between distributors B and C.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Anas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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International Islamic University,

Islamabad
Power Distribution and Utilization

EXPERIMENT # 5:

Implementation of AC Ring distribution System

Name of Student: …………………………………..


Roll No.: ……………………………………………
Date of Experiment: ………………………………..
EXPERIMENT # 5:
Implementation of AC Ring distribution System

An electric supply system consists of three principal components viz., the power station, the transmission
lines and the distribution system. Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electric
power; it carries electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers. At the utilization end,
the power is distributed to a large number of small and big consumers through a distribution network.
Distribution consists of two stages i–e primary distribution and secondary distribution. The secondary
distribution system consists of feeders, distributors and service mains. No consumer is given direct
connection from the feeders. Instead, the consumers are connected to the distributors through their service
mains.

1 Feeder
A feeder is a conductor which connects the sub-station (or localised generating station) to the area where
power is to be distributed. Generally, no tappings are taken from the feeder so that current in it remains
the same throughout. The main consideration in the design of a feeder is the current carrying capacity.
Distribution feeder circuits are the connections between the output terminals of a distribution substation
and the input terminals of primary circuits. The distribution feeder circuit conductors leave the substation
from a circuit breaker or circuit recloser via underground cables, called substation exit cables. The
underground cables connect to a nearby overhead primary circuit outside the substation. This eliminates
multiple circuits on the poles adjacent to the substations thereby improving the overall appearance of the
substation.

2 Distributor
A distributor is a conductor from which tappings are taken for supply to the consumers. In Fig. 4.1, AB,
BC, CD and DA are the distributors. The current through a distributor is not constant because tappings
are taken at various places along its length. While designing a distributor, voltage drop along its length is
the main consideration since the statutory limit of voltage variations is ± 6% of rated value at the
consumers’ terminals.

Figure 5.1: Structure of Secondary AC distribution


3 Ring Distribution System
In this system, the primaries of distribution transformers form a loop. The loop circuit starts from the
substation bus-bars, makes a loop through the area to be served, and returns to the substation. Fig. 5.2
shows the single line diagram of ring main system for a.c. distribution where substation supplies to the
closed feeder LMNOPQRS. The distributors are tapped from different points M, O and Q of the feeder
through distribution transformers. The ring main system has the following advantages:

(a) There are less voltage fluctuations at consumer’s terminals.

(b) The system is very reliable as each distributor is fed via *two feeders. In the event of fault on any
section of the feeder, the continuity of supply is maintained.

Figure 5.2: line diagram of ring main system for a.c. distribution

4 Case Study:
There are several ways of solving a.c. distribution problems. However, symbolic notation method has
been found to be most convenient for this purpose. In this case study three distributors A B and C are
connected to a feeder in ring main arrangement. Two Loads, each of 100W is used for testing.

Case 1: When all the three distributors are connected


Case 2: When the distributors A and B are disconnected

Case 1: When the distributors A and C are disconnected

Case 1: When the distributors B and C are disconnected


5 Power Utilization Trainer and Loads
The figure is the power distribution and utilization trainer available for demonstration and expriments at
power system laboratory. The trainer has the simulation models for Distribution Lines, feeders, couplers,
metering, utility and protection. The trainers take 3-phase main from the electricity available in
laboratory. A circuit braker is used safety and protection at the top of left corner.

The parts of the trainer used in this Lab Experiment are:

1. Main: Use only single phase distributors


2. Feeders: The losses in the feeders will be ignored in this experiment
3. Distributers: A singgle phase distributer will be used in this experiment and the distributer will be
connected in ring arreangment. The line losses analysis will be conducted. The students are
advised to listen the demostration carefully and observe the activity during demonstration
carefully.
4. Each Load used in this expriment is a lamp of 100W.
Calculations
Metering near distributor B Metering near distributor C
Voltage Current P.F Power Power Power Voltage Current P.F Power Power Power
(V) (A) (KVA (KVAr) (KW) (V) (A) (KVA) (KVAr) (KW)
)
Case-1 Case-1

Case-2 Case-2

Case -3 Case-3

Case-4 Case-4

Observations
Metering near distributor B Metering near distributor C
Voltage Current P.F Power Power Power Voltage Current P.F Power Power Power
(V) (A) (KVA (KVAr) (KW) (V) (A) (KVA) (KVAr) (KW)
)
Case-1 Case-1

Case-2 Case-2

Case -3 Case-3

Case-4 Case-4

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