LITERATURE STUDY
ON
RTHO HOSPITAL
SUBMITTED BY,
ISAAC
JEBADURAI.R
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
ANTHROPOMETRY
AREA STRANDARDS
DESIGN & PLANNING
NORMS
01
HOSPITAL
THE ART DESIGNING & SCIENCE OF DESIGNING A HOSPITAL ANYWHERE
IS A COMPLEX AFFAIR. BEYOND TECHNIQAL REQUIREMENTS,THAT
MODERN MEDICINE DEMANDS AND RIGID FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN DIFFERENT SUSTAINABLE MEDICAL DEPARTMENTS.
HIPOCRATES: INJUNCTION TO THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY IS
BEING “FIRST DO NOT HARM”
THE DESIGNER HAS TO COPE WITH A HOST OF MORE
SUBJECTIVE ISSUE LIKE THE ANXIETY OF THE PATIENT, THE
STRESSFULL WORK ENVIRONMENT OF
THE STAFF AND THE NEED TO BUILD A SUSTAINABLE AND
HEALTHY BUILDING
02
ANTHROPOMETRY
HUMAN
03
ANTHROPOMETRY
INSTRUMENTS
04
ANTHROPOMETRY
STAIRCASE / RAMP/ELEVATORS
05
ANTHROPOMETRY
CORRIDER
06
ANTHROPOMETRY
DOORS & FITTINGS
07
AREA STRANDARDS
AREA REQUIREMENTS
ADMINISTRATION : INCLUDES THE OWNERSHIP OF HOSPITAL &
DOCTORS
INPATIENT DEPARTMENT :
INPATIENTS SERVICE INCLUDES PATIENTS
WARD , NURSE WORKSTATIONS, THE WORK AREA ETC …
PATIENCE WARD
NURSE WORKSTATION
THE WORK AREA
OUTPATIENTS DEPARTMENT :
PREFERABLY ON THE GROUND FLOOR
WITH A SEPARATE ENTRY & ADEQUATE PARKING.
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT : UNDER WHICH INTENSIVE CARE
UNIT & OPERATION THEATHRE COMES IN
08
AREA STRANDARDS
AREA REQUIREMENTS
• INTENCIVE CARE UNIT
• OPERATION THEATHRE,ETC..
RADIOLOGY & LABARATORY: INCLUDES XRAYS & CT SCAN ETC..
PHARMACY : MEDICAL STORES.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPACES
09
AREA STRANDARDS
SQUARE PER BED
Area Sq .ft / bed
Nursing unit 250-280
Nursery 12-18
Delivery suite 15-20
Operation theatre 30-50
Physical medicine 12-18
Radiology 25-35
Laboratory 25-35
Pharmacy 4-6
CSSD 8-25
10
AREA STRANDARDS
Area Sq .ft /
bed
House keeping 4-5
Laundry 12-18
Mechanical installation 50-75
Stores 25-35
Staff facilities 10-15
Administration 40-50
Total 567-751
Circulation 115-751
Total net area 682-891
11
DESIGN & PLANNING
OVERALL ZONING
ENTRY
ADMIN
EMERGENCY OUTPATIENT
PHARMACY
DIAGNOSIS
INPATIENT
THIS IS THE OVERALL ZONNING OF A HOSPITAL WITH RESPECT TO
DEPARTMENTS.
12
DESIGN & PLANNING
OVERALL ZONING
THE PARKING FOR OUTPATIENT & INPATIENT CAN BE SEPARATED.
THE EMERGENCY ENTRY CAN BE USED TO ENTER EMERGENCY
DEPARTMENT.
THE OUTPATIENTS SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR TO DIAGNOSIS &
PHARMACY
TREAMENT.
THE PHARMACY SHOUD BE PLACED WITH EASY ACCESS FOR
OUTPATIENT & EMERGENCY.
THE WARD ON INPATIENT DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE MONITERED
EASILY
13
DESIGN & PLANNING
DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK
NURSE
WARD
WASH
OUTPAIENT
WORK AREA
WARD DESIGN :
KEY PROBLEM IN DESIGNING A EFFICIENT WARD SYSTEM IS:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSE ROOM & PATIENCE ROOM.
CONSIDERATION FOR WARD DEIGN ARE, WALK
DISTANCE, VENTILATION , LIGHTING,NOISE ETC…
14
DESIGN & PLANNING L.W R.W C.W
DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK
WARD DESIGN BAD OBSERVATION
TYPES OF WARD DESIGN
• LINEAR WARD MANAGABLE OBSERVATION
• RACE TRACK WARD
• COURTYARD WARD GOOD OBSERVATION
LINEAR WARD: (L.W)
DESIGNED IN A LINEAR FORM (20-30 BEDS)
RACETRACK WARD: (R.W)
CONTRAST TO LINEAR WARD SHARE NOT MORE THAN 4 BEDS
COURTYARD WARD :(C.W)
COURTYARD IN THE CENTRE.
THE AREA OF THE WARD DEPENDS ON THE NO OF BED.
15
DESIGN & PLANNING
DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK
NURSE STATION:
NURSE STATION SHOULD BE PALCED NEARER
WITH PROPER MONITERING OF THE PATIENTS. THE NURSE
STATION SHOULD ME10 -12 SQ.M DEPENDING ON THE
POSITION
16
DESIGN & PLANNING
DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK
NURSE STATION
SMALL PANTRY
TYPICAL LOCATION OF NURSE STATION BETWEEN
WARDS
THE CLEAN UTILITY ROOM & DIRTY UTILITY ROOM
ARE PLACED NEAR NURSE STATION.
TOILETS
17
DESIGN & PLANNING
DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK
TOILET :
THE NO OF TOILET REQUIRED IS
DEPEND UPON THE NO OF BED.
THE STRANDAD SIZE OF THE TOILET IS
3-4 SQ.M.
THE TOILET FLOOR LEVEL SHOUD BE
DEPRESSED.
THE TOILET SHOULD BE HYGIENIC. TOILET
THE PATIENCE TOILET SHOULD BE SEPARATED
FROM NURSE TOILET
TOILET
THE DUCT SHOULD BE PROVIDED
BETWEEN TWO TOILETS AS SHOWN,
FOR VENTILATION.
TOILET LOCATION
18
DESIGN & PLANNING
DESIGN OF OUTPATIENT BLOCK & DIAGNOSIS
ENTRY
OUTPATIENT
ADMIN
OUTPAIENT
DIAGNOSIS
CONSULTING SPACE
THE OUTPATIENT SHOULD BE PROVIDED SEPARATE
PARKING.
THE OUTPATIENTS ARE PATIENCE WHO VISIT
HOSPITAL FOR CONSULTING..AND THUS IT CONTAINS
CONSULTING SPACE.
THE OUTPATIENT ROOM SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR
THE DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT.
19
DESIGN & PLANNING
DESIGN OF OUTPATIENT BLOCK & DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS:
ENTR
X RAYS
THE X RAY SPACE SHOULDADMIN BE DESIGNED
WITH MORE CARE .
THE INTERIOR DESIGN SHOULD BE THE
OUTPAIENT
DIANOSIS
KEY TO PROTECT EMISSION OF RAYS
OUTSIDE .
THE LEAD IS USED TO PROTECT CT SCAN
EMISSION OF RAYS THROUGH WINDOW.
COMES UNDER THE DIAGNOSIS, THE
CT SCAN IS PROVIDED WITH THE
CONTROLLER ROOM
CONTROLLER ROOM NOT MORE THAN
4 SQ.M
20
DESIGN & PLANNING
DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK
ENTRY
EMERGENCY
DOCTORS
INTENSIVE CAREUNIT
OUTPAIENT
DIAGNOSIS
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT.
OPERATION THEATHRE.
A SEPARATE EMERGENCY ENTRY SHOULD OPERATION
BE
PROVIDED. THEATHRE
SHOULD BE PLACED IN THE GROUND FLOOR.
THE GLASS PANEL ARE USED IN ICU FOR
PROPER OBSERVATION OF THE PATIENCE
21
DESIGN & PLANNING
DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
SHOULD PREFERABLY BE LOCATED ON THE
GROUND FLOOR WITH CONVENIENT ACCESS
FROM THE OPERATION THEATRE SUIT AND
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT AND EASY
ACCESSIBILITY FOR WARDS.
IT CONSISTS PATIENT AREA, STAFF AREA,
SUPPORT AREA
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT FOUR BASIC REQUIREMENTS-
DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THE PATIENT
BY NURSING AND MEDICAL STAFF
SURVEILLANCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL
MONITORING
PROVISION AND EFFICIENT USE OF
ROUTINE AND EMERGENCY DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURES AND INTERVENTIONS.
RECORDING AND MAINTENANCE OF
PATIENT INFORMATION
22
DESIGN & PLANNING
DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK
OPERATION THEATRE:
OPERATION THEATRES ARE PLACED NEAR ICU
UNIT. FOR EASY ACESS INCASE OF
EMERGENCY.
THE OPERATION THEATRE CONSISTS
SEPARATE PARTITION FOR ASNESTHETIC AREA,
WHERE PATIENTS ARE ANESTHIST.THE
SEPARATE DRESS CHANGING ROOMS FOR
PSYCHIATRIC UNIT
DOCTORS ARE GIVEN..
CONSULTATION AREA CONTAINING STAFF OFFICES FOR
INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY CARE SESSIONS.
CONFERENCE THERAPY AREA FOR GROUP THERAPY
SESSION.
INPATIENT AREA FOR HOSPITALIZING PATIENTS
ACTIVITIES AREA FOR OCCUPATIONAL RECREATIONAL
THERAPY
23
DESIGN & PLANNING
DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK
PHARMACY:
• OUT PATIENT SHOULD HAVE READY ACCESS TO THE HOSPITAL PHARMACY TO
COLLECT PRESCRIPTION.
• STAFF OF WARDS AND DEPARTMENT CAN ACCESS IT WITHOUT HAVING TO
TRAVEL A LONG DISTANCE THOROUGH OTHER CROWDED AREAS.
• SUPPLIERS HAVE AN ACCESS TO IT FROM OUT SIDE
• SPACE REQUIRED FOR-
DISPENSING COUNTER
CASH COUNTER
DRUGS STORAGE INCLUDING DRESSINGS
COOL AND COLD STORAGE
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE
CIRCULATION SPACE
24
NORMS & REGULATIONS
MEANS OF ESCAPE
TRAVEL DISTANCE :
THE PATIENT MOVEMENTS INSIDE THE HOSPITAL IS CALCULATED
USING TRAVEL DISTANCE , THE SURTAIN NORMS TO BE
FOLLOWED ARE,MAXIMUM TARVEL DISTANCE BETWEEN WARDS
30M.
25
NORMS & REGULATIONS
MEANS OF ESCAPE
EXIT :
EXIT DOOR SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR
SLEEPING PATIENT ROOM FOR EASY EXIT.
THE EXIT CORRIDOR SHOULD NOT BE LESS
THAN 2M IN WIDTH.
26
NORMS & REGULATIONS
SANITARY REQUIREMENTS
Sl. No. SANITARY UNIT HOSPITALS WITH HOSPITALS WITH OUTDOOR PATIENT WARDS
INDOOR
PATIENT WARD
FOR MALES & FEMALES For Males For Females
1. WATER CLOSET (W.C.) ONE FOR EVERY 6 BEDS ONE FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR TWO FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR
OR PART THEREOF PART THEREOF PART THEREOF
2. ABLUTION TAPS ONE IN EACH W.C. One in EACH W.C. ONE IN EACH W.C.
3. WASH BASINS TWO UPTO 30 BED; ADD ONE FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR ONE FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR
ONE FOR EVERY PART THEREOF PART THEREOF.
ADDITIONAL 30 BEDS; OR
PART THEREOF
4. BATHS WITH SHOWER ONE BATH WITH SHOWER -- --
FOR EVERY 8 BEDS OR
PART THEREOF.
5. BED PAN WASHING SINK ONE FOR EACH WARD - --
6. CLEANER’ SINKS ONE FOR EACH WARD ONE PER FLOOR MINIMUM ONE PER FLOOR MINIMUM
7. KITCHEN SINKS & DISH ONE FOR EACH WARD -- --
WASHERS (WHERE
KITCHEN IS PROVIDED)
8. URINALS -- ONE FOR EVERY 50 PERSONS OR --
PART THEREOF
27
NORMS & REGULATIONS
ELECTRICITY
1. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
• 220V FOR NORMAL CURRENT,
• 380V FOR HIGH CURRENT,
• IN SURGICAL WINGS: - SAFETY ELECTRICAL SUPPLY: 1.20M ABOVE THE FLOOR
MINIMUM, - EXTRA ACCUMULATORS FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND EMERGENCY
POWER SUPPLY,-HAVE TO WORK CONTINUALLY:
ONE OPERATING LAMP/CEILING FIXTURE IN EACH OPERATING ROOM FOR 3 HOURS
2. GAS INSTALLATION
MINIMUM, O DEVICES TO MAINTAIN VITAL BODILY FUNCTIONS.
• PUMPS FOR OXYGEN, NITROGEN, VACUUM AND PRESSURED
AIR HAVE TO BE INSTALLED IN DOUBLE.
• OXYGEN: SUPPLYING WITH AIR STORED IN STEEL BOTTLES
OUT OF BATTERY WITH AN AUTOMATIC SWITCH.
28
NORMS & REGULATIONS
4. VENTILATION :
• FILTERING, DILUTION AND EXTRACTION OF AIR,
• RENEWAL: 15-20VOLUMES FOR ONE HOUR.
• IT IS REQUIRED TO CONSULT SAFETY MEASURES FOR VENTILATION DUCTS .
• ANY UNCONTROLLED AIR CURRENT CAN’T ENTER THE OPERATING ROOM BY: - A
HERMETICALLY SEALED CLOSURE OF THE ROOM 21
5.LIGHTING :
GENERAL SPACE REQUIRED - 100 E/LUX.
READING - 300 E/LUX.
PATIENTS& EXAMINATION -1000 E/LUX.
WAITING AREA -200E/LUX.
CORRIDOR -200E/LUX.
CAR PARKING -500E/LUX.
TOILET -200E/LUX.
29
