QS 015/2

Matriculation Programme Examination

Semester I
Session 2014/2015

Chow Choon Wooi

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

1. Given that (𝑥 − 2) is a factor of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 − 10𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 − 2 where 𝑎 and 𝑏

are real numbers. If 𝑓(𝑥) is divided by (𝑥 + 1) the remainder is −24, find the values of 𝑎 and
𝑏. Hence, find the remainder when 𝑓(𝑥) is divided by (2𝑥 + 1).
2. Solve the equation 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 1 = sin 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋. Give your answer in terms of 𝜋.
3. Find the relative extremum of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥.
4. Car X is travelling east at a speed of 80km/h and car Y is travelling north at 100km/h as shown
in the diagram below. Obtain an equation that describes the rate of change of the distance
between the two cars.
Hence, evaluate the rate of change of the distance between the two cars when car X is 0.15km
and car Y is 0.08km from P.

Car X
P

Car Y

5. Expand (𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏)2, 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real numbers with 𝑏 > 0. Hence, find the values of 𝑎 and
𝑏 if (𝑥 + 𝑎 )(𝑥 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2.

𝑥 4−4𝑥 2+5𝑥−1
Express 𝑥 3−3𝑥−2
in the form of partial fractions.

6. (a) Express sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 in product form. Hence, show that

sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥 = 4 cos 3𝑥 sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥.

(b) Use the result in (a) to solve

sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 180°.

7. Find the limit of the following, if it exists.

𝑥+3
a. lim
𝑥→−3 𝑥 3+27
2𝑥−1
b. lim
𝑥→−∞ √𝑥 2−9
𝑥 2−3𝑥−4
c. lim
𝑥→4 √𝑥−2

Chow Choon Wooi Page 2

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

1 + 𝑒𝑥 𝑥≤0
𝑥+6
8. ( )
Given that 𝑓 𝑥 = { 0<𝑥≤4
3−𝑥
𝐶 𝑥>4

Where C is a constant.

a) Determine whether 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0.

b) Given that 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 4, determine the values of 𝐶.
c) Find the vertical asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥).
9. Consider the parametric equations of the curve

𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃, 0 < 𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋.

𝑑𝑦
a) Find 𝑑𝑥 and express your answer in terms of 𝜃.
𝑑𝑦 √2
b) Find the value of 𝑑𝑥 if 𝑥 = 4
𝑑2 𝑦 1
c) Show that 𝑑𝑥 2 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝜃 sin 𝜃.

𝑑2 𝑦 𝜋
Hence, calculate at 𝜃 = .
𝑑𝑥 2 3

10. (a) Use the first principle to find the derivative of 𝑔(𝑥) = √1 − 𝑥.

(b) Given that 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 + ln(1 + 2𝑥) = 1, 𝑥 ≥ 0

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 4
Show that (𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑒 𝑦 (𝑑𝑥 ) + 2 𝑑𝑥 − (1+2𝑥)2 = 0.

𝑑2 𝑦
Hence, find the value of at the point (0,0).
𝑑𝑥 2

END OF QUESTION PAPER

Chow Choon Wooi Page 3

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

1. Given that (𝑥 − 2) is a factor of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 − 10𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 − 2 where 𝑎 and 𝑏

are real numbers. If 𝑓(𝑥) is divided by (𝑥 + 1) the remainder is −24, find the values of 𝑎 and
𝑏. Hence, find the remainder when 𝑓(𝑥) is divided by (2𝑥 + 1).

SOLUTION

𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 − 10𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 − 2

𝑓 (2) = 0 (𝑥 − 2) is a factor of 𝑓 (𝑥)

𝑎(2)3 − 10(2)2 + 𝑏(2) − 2 = 0

8𝑎 − 40 + 2𝑏 − 2 = 0

8𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 42

4𝑎 + 𝑏 = 21 …………………………. (1)

𝑓 (−1) = −24 𝑓 (𝑥) is divided by (𝑥 + 1) the remainder is −24

𝑎(−1)3 − 10(−1)2 + 𝑏(−1) − 2 = −24

−𝑎 − 10 − 𝑏 − 2 = −24

𝑎 + 𝑏 = 12 …………………………. (2)

(1) − (2)

3𝑎 = 9

𝑎=3

𝑏=9

𝑓 (𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 − 10𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 2

1 1 3 1 2 1
𝑓 (− ) = 3 (− ) − 10 (− ) + 9 (− ) − 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 9
= 3 (− ) − 10 ( ) − − 2
8 4 2
3 10 9
=− − − −2
8 4 2
75
=−
8

Chow Choon Wooi Page 4

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

2. Solve the equation 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 1 = sin 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋. Give your answer in terms of 𝜋.

SOLUTION

0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋

2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 1 = sin 𝑥

2 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) − 1 = sin 𝑥

2 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − 1 = sin 𝑥

2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − 1 = 0

𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒖 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙

2 𝑢2 + 𝑢 − 1 = 0

(2𝑢 − 1)(𝑢 + 1) = 0

(2𝑢 − 1) = 0 (𝑢 + 1) = 0

1 𝑢 = −1
𝑢=
2
sin 𝑥 = −1
1
sin 𝑥 = 2

1 𝜋
𝛼 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) =
2 6

𝜋 𝜋
6 6

3𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 𝑥=
𝑥 = ,𝜋 − 2
6 6
𝜋 5𝜋
𝑥= ,
6 6

𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋
∴𝑥= , ,
6 6 2

Chow Choon Wooi Page 5

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

3. Find the relative extremum of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥.

SOLUTION

𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝐿𝑒𝑡 =0
𝑑𝑥

3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4 = 0

(3𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2) = 0

2
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥=2
3

𝑑2 𝑦
= 6𝑥 − 8
𝑑𝑥 2

2
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 3

2 3 2 2 2
𝑦 = ( ) −4( ) + 4( )
3 3 3
8 16 8
= − +
27 9 3
32
=
27

𝑑2 𝑦 2
2
= 6( )− 8
𝑑𝑥 3

= −4 < 0 (𝑀𝑎𝑥)

2 32
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ( , ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡.
3 27

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2

𝑦 = (2)3 − 4(2)2 + 4(2)

Chow Choon Wooi Page 6

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

= 8 − 16 + 8

=0

𝑑2 𝑦
= 6(2) − 8
𝑑𝑥 2

= 4 > 0 (𝑀𝑖𝑛)

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (2, 0) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡.

Chow Choon Wooi Page 7

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

4. Car X is travelling east at a speed of 80km/h and car Y is travelling north at 100km/h as shown
in the diagram below. Obtain an equation that describes the rate of change of the distance
between the two cars.
Hence, evaluate the rate of change of the distance between the two cars when car X is 0.15km
and car Y is 0.08km from P.

Car X
P

Car Y

SOLUTION

𝑑𝑥
= −80 Negative sign as the distance is decreasing.
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
= −100
𝑑𝑡

Car X
P

Car Y

𝑧2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2

𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2𝑧 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑧 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= (2𝑥 + 2𝑦 )
𝑑𝑡 2𝑧 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑧 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 +𝑦 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑧 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Chow Choon Wooi Page 8

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0.15, 𝑦 = 0.08, = −80, = −100
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑧2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2

𝑧 2 = (0.15)2 + (0.08)2

𝑧 2 = (0.15)2 + (0.08)2

𝑧 = 0.17

𝑑𝑧 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 +𝑦 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑧 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑧 1
= [(0.15)(−80) + (0.08)(−100)]
𝑑𝑡 0.17

= −117.647

The rate of change of the distance between the two cars is 117.65km/h

Chow Choon Wooi Page 9

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

5. Expand (𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏)2, 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real numbers with 𝑏 > 0. Hence, find the values of 𝑎 and
𝑏 if (𝑥 + 𝑎 )(𝑥 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2.

𝑥 4−4𝑥 2+5𝑥−1
Express 𝑥 3−3𝑥−2
in the form of partial fractions.

SOLUTION

(𝑥 + 𝑎 )(𝑥 + 𝑏)2 = (𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏2 )

= 𝑥 3 + 2𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑏2 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏2

= 𝑥 3 + (𝑎 + 2𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑏2 + 2𝑎𝑏)𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏2

𝐼𝑓 (𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2

𝑥 3 + (𝑎 + 2𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑏2 + 2𝑎𝑏)𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏2 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2

𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 0 ……………… (1)

𝑏2 + 2𝑎𝑏 = −3 ……………… (2)

𝑎𝑏2 = −2 ……………… (3)

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1)

𝑎 = −2𝑏

𝑏2 + 2(−2𝑏)𝑏 = −3

𝑏2 − 4𝑏2 = −3

−3𝑏2 = −3

𝑏2 = 1

𝑏 = ±1

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 = 1

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑏 = 1

𝑎 = −2(1)

= −2

𝑎 = −2, 𝑏=1

Chow Choon Wooi Page 10

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2

𝑥
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2√𝑥 4 + 0𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1
𝑥 4 − 0𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥

−𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 1

𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1 −𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 1
= 𝑥 +
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2

𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 1
=𝑥−
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)2

𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
2
= + +
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 + 1 (𝑥 + 1)2

𝐴(𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝐵(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶 (𝑥 − 2)

=
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)2

𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝐵(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶 (𝑥 − 2)

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −1

𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝐵(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶 (𝑥 − 2)

(−1)2 − 7(−1) + 1 = 𝐶 (−1 − 2)

9 = −3𝐶

𝐶 = −3

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2

𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝐵(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶 (𝑥 − 2)

(2)2 − 7(2) + 1 = 𝐴(2 + 1)2

−9 = 9𝐴

𝐴 = −1

Chow Choon Wooi Page 11

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0, 𝐴 = −1, 𝐶 = −3

𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝐵(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶 (𝑥 − 2)

1 = 𝐴 − 2𝐵 − 2𝐶

1 = −1 − 2𝐵 − 2(−3)

1 = 5 − 2𝐵

2𝐵 = 4

𝐵=2

𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 1
= 𝑥 −
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)2

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= 𝑥−[ + + ]
𝑥 − 2 𝑥 + 1 (𝑥 + 1)2

−1 2 −3
= 𝑥−[ + + ]
𝑥 − 2 𝑥 + 1 (𝑥 + 1)2

1 2 3
=𝑥+ − +
𝑥 − 2 𝑥 + 1 (𝑥 + 1)2

Chow Choon Wooi Page 12

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

6. (a) Express sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 in product form. Hence, show that

sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥 = 4 cos 3𝑥 sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥.

(b) Use the result in (a) to solve

sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 180°.

SOLUTION

(a) Express sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 in product form. Hence, show that

sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥 = 4 cos 3𝑥 sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥.

𝑃+𝑄 𝑃−𝑄
6𝑥 + 2𝑥 6𝑥 − 2𝑥 sin 𝑃 − sin 𝑄 = 2 cos ( ) sin ( )
2 2
sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 = 2 cos ( ) sin ( )
2 2

= 2 cos 4𝑥 sin 2𝑥

sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥

sin 2𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
= 2 cos 4𝑥 sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥
sin 2(2𝑥) = 2 sin(2𝑥) cos(2𝑥)
= 2 cos 4𝑥 sin 2𝑥 + sin 2(2𝑥)

= 2 cos 4𝑥 sin 2𝑥 + 2 sin 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥

𝑃+𝑄 𝑃−𝑄
cos 𝑃 + cos 𝑄 = 2 cos ( ) cos ( )
2 2
= 2 sin 2𝑥 (cos 4𝑥 + cos 2𝑥 )

4𝑥 + 2𝑥 4𝑥 − 2𝑥
= 2 sin 2𝑥 [2 cos ( ) cos ( )]
2 2

= 2 sin 2𝑥 [2 cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥]

= 4 cos 3𝑥 sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥

(b) Use the result in (a) to solve sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥.

sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥

4 cos 3𝑥 sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥

4 cos 3𝑥 sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 0

sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 (4 cos 3𝑥 − 1) = 0

Chow Choon Wooi Page 13

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 180° 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 180°. 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 180°

0 ≤ 2𝑥 ≤ 360° 0 ≤ 3𝑥 ≤ 540°

sin 2𝑥 = 0 cos 𝑥 = 0 4 cos 3𝑥 − 1 = 0

1
cos 3𝑥 =
4

75.5°
90°
180° 360° 75.5°

𝛼 = 75.5°

3𝑥 = 75.5°, 284.5°, 435.5°

𝑥 = 90°
2𝑥 = 0°, 180°, 360° 𝑥 = 25.2°, 94.8°, 145.2°

𝑥 = 0°, 90°, 180°

∴ 𝑥 = 0°, 25.2°, 90°, 94.8°, 145.2°, 180°

Chow Choon Wooi Page 14

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

7. Find the limit of the following, if it exists.

𝑥+3
a. lim
𝑥→−3 𝑥 3+27
2𝑥−1
b. lim
𝑥→−∞ √𝑥 2−9
𝑥 2−3𝑥−4
c. lim
𝑥→4 √𝑥−2

SOLUTION
𝑥+3 𝑥+3
a. lim = lim 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 9
𝑥→−3 𝑥 3+27 𝑥→−3 (𝑥+3)(𝑥 2−3𝑥+9)
𝑥 + 3√𝑥 3 + 0𝑥 2 + 0𝑥 + 27
1
= lim 2 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 0𝑥
𝑥→−3 (𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 9)
−3𝑥 2 + 0𝑥 + 27
1 −3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥
=
(−3)2 − 3(−3) + 9 9𝑥 + 27
9𝑥 + 27
1
=
27

2𝑥 1
2𝑥−1 −
−𝑥 −𝑥
b. lim = lim
𝑥→−∞ √𝑥 2−9 𝑥→−∞ 2
√𝑥2− 92
𝑥 𝑥

1
−2 +
= lim 𝑥
𝑥→−∞ 9
√1 − 2
𝑥

−2
=
√1

= −2

𝑥 2−3𝑥−4 (𝑥−4)(𝑥+1)
c. lim
√𝑥−2
= lim
√𝑥−2
𝑎2 − 𝑏2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑥→4 𝑥→4
2
(√𝑥 − 2)(√𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 − 4 = √𝑥 − 22
= lim
𝑥→4 √𝑥 − 2
= (√𝑥 − 2)(√𝑥 + 2)
= lim (√𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)
𝑥→4

= (√4 + 2)(4 + 1)

= 20

Chow Choon Wooi Page 15

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

1 + 𝑒𝑥 𝑥≤0
𝑥+6
8. ( )
Given that 𝑓 𝑥 = { 0<𝑥≤4
3−𝑥
𝐶 𝑥>4

Where C is a constant.

a) Determine whether 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0.

b) Given that 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 4, determine the values of 𝐶.
c) Find the vertical asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥).

SOLUTION

1 + 𝑒𝑥 𝑥≤0
𝑥+6
𝑓 (𝑥) = { 0<𝑥≤4
3−𝑥
𝐶 𝑥>4

a) Determine whether 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0

Continuity at a point
𝑓 (0) = 1 + 𝑒 0 = 2
𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛

1. 𝑓 (𝑐)𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
lim 𝑓 (𝑥) = lim− 1 + 𝑒 𝑥 2. lim 𝑓 (𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
𝑥→𝑐
𝑥→0− 𝑥→0
3. lim 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐
= 1 + 𝑒0

=2

𝑥+6
lim+ 𝑓 (𝑥) = lim+
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 3−𝑥
0+6
=
3−0

=2

lim 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2
𝑥→0

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓 (0) = lim 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑓(𝑥)𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.

𝑥→0

Chow Choon Wooi Page 16

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

b) Given that 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 4, determine the values of 𝐶.

𝐴𝑡 𝑥 = 4

𝑥+6
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim−
𝑥→4 𝑥→4 3−𝑥
4+6
=
3−4
10
=
−1

= −10

lim 𝑓 (𝑥) = lim+ 𝐶

𝑥→4+ 𝑥→4

=𝐶

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 4, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶 ≠ −10.

{𝐶: 𝐶 < −10 ∪ 𝐶 > −10}

c) Find the vertical asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥).

𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒆:

3−𝑥 = 0

𝑥=3

𝑥+6
lim+ = −∞
𝑥→3 3−𝑥
𝑥+6
lim− =∞
𝑥→3 3−𝑥

∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 = 3.

Chow Choon Wooi Page 17

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

9. Consider the parametric equations of the curve

𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃, 0 < 𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋.

𝑑𝑦
a) Find 𝑑𝑥 and express your answer in terms of 𝜃.
𝑑𝑦 √2
b) Find the value of 𝑑𝑥 if 𝑥 = 4
𝑑2 𝑦 1
c) Show that = .
𝑑𝑥 2 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 sin 𝜃

𝑑2 𝑦 𝜋
Hence, calculate 𝑑𝑥 2 at 𝜃 = 3 .

SOLUTION

𝑑𝑦
a) Find 𝑑𝑥 and express your answer in terms of 𝜃.

𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃

𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= 3 cos2 𝜃 (cos 𝜃) = 3 sin2 𝜃 (sin 𝜃)
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃

= 3 cos2 𝜃 (− sin 𝜃) = 3 sin2 𝜃 (cos 𝜃)

= −3 sin 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 = 3 cos 𝜃 sin2 𝜃

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃
= .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑥
1
= (3 cos 𝜃 sin2 𝜃) ( )
−3 sin 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
1
= (sin 𝜃) ( )
− cos 𝜃
sin 𝜃
=−
cos 𝜃

= − tan 𝜃

Chow Choon Wooi Page 18

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

𝑑𝑦 √2
b) Find the value of 𝑑𝑥 if 𝑥 = 4

√2
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 =
4

𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃

√2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 =
4
1
√2 3
cos 𝜃 = ( )
4

≈ 0.7071

𝜋
4
𝜋
4

𝜋
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒, 𝛼 =
4
𝜋 𝜋
𝜃= , 2𝜋 −
4 4
𝜋 7𝜋
𝜃= ,
4 4

√2 𝜋
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = ,𝜃 =
4 4

𝑑𝑦
= − tan 𝜃
𝑑𝑥
𝜋
= − tan ( )
4

= −1

Chow Choon Wooi Page 19

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

√2 7𝜋
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = ,𝜃 =
4 4

𝑑𝑦
= − tan 𝜃
𝑑𝑥
7𝜋
= − tan ( )
4

= −(−1)

=1

𝑑2 𝑦 1 𝑑2 𝑦 𝜋
c) Show that 𝑑𝑥 2 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝜃 sin 𝜃. Hence, calculate 𝑑𝑥 2 at 𝜃 = 3 .

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃
2
= [ ].
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1
=[ (− tan 𝜃)] . ( )
𝑑𝜃 −3 sin 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
1
= (−𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃). ( )
−3 sin 𝜃 cos2 𝜃

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
=
3 sin 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
1
cos 2𝜃
=
3 sin 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
1
=
3 cos4 𝜃 sin 𝜃

𝜋
𝐴𝑡 𝜃 =
3

𝑑2 𝑦 1
2
= 4
𝑑𝑥 3 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1
= 𝜋 𝜋
3 cos4 ( 3 ) sin ( 3 )

= 6.16

Chow Choon Wooi Page 20

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

10. (a) Use the first principle to find the derivative of 𝑔(𝑥) = √1 − 𝑥.

(b) Given that 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 + ln(1 + 2𝑥) = 1, 𝑥 ≥ 0

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 4
Show that (𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥) 2 +𝑒
𝑦( )
+2 − (1+2𝑥)2 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦
Hence, find the value of 𝑑𝑥 2 at the point (0,0).

SOLUTION

(a) 𝑔(𝑥) = √1 − 𝑥

𝑔(𝑥 + ℎ ) = √1 − (𝑥 + ℎ )

𝑔(𝑥 + ℎ ) − 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑔′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

√1 − (𝑥 + ℎ ) − √1 − 𝑥
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

√1 − (𝑥 + ℎ ) − √1 − 𝑥 √1 − (𝑥 + ℎ ) + √1 − 𝑥
= lim .
ℎ→0 ℎ √1 − (𝑥 + ℎ ) + √1 − 𝑥

[1 − (𝑥 + ℎ )] − (1 − 𝑥)
= lim
ℎ→0
ℎ (√1 − (𝑥 + ℎ ) + √1 − 𝑥)

1−𝑥−ℎ−1+𝑥
= lim
ℎ→0
ℎ (√1 − (𝑥 + ℎ ) + √1 − 𝑥)

−ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0
ℎ (√1 − (𝑥 + ℎ ) + √1 − 𝑥)

−1
= lim
ℎ→0 (√1
− (𝑥 + ℎ ) + √1 − 𝑥)

−1
=
(√1 − (𝑥 + 0) + √1 − 𝑥)

−1
=
(√1 − 𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥)

−1
=
2√1 − 𝑥

Chow Choon Wooi Page 21

 QS 015/2 Session
PSPM I 2014/2015

(b) 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 + ln(1 + 2𝑥) = 1

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑
𝑒𝑦 + [𝑥 + 𝑦] + (1 + 2𝑥) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (1 + 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑒𝑦 +𝑥 +𝑦+ (2) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (1 + 2𝑥 )

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑒𝑦 +𝑥 +𝑦+ =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ( 1 + 2𝑥 )

𝑑𝑦 2
(𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥) +𝑦+ =0
𝑑𝑥 (1 + 2𝑥)

𝑑𝑦
(𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥) + 𝑦 + 2(1 + 2𝑥)−1 = 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑
[(𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥) 2
+ (𝑒 + 1)] + − 2(1 + 2𝑥)−2 (1 + 2𝑥 ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
[(𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥) 2
+ 𝑒 𝑦
( ) + ]+ − (2) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (1 + 2𝑥)2

𝑦
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 4
(𝑒 + 𝑥) 2 + 𝑒 ( ) + 2 − =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (1 + 2𝑥)2

𝐴𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (0, 0)  𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0

𝑑𝑦 2
(𝑒 0 + 0) +0+ =0
𝑑𝑥 (1 + 2(0))

𝑑𝑦 2
(1 + 0) + =0
𝑑𝑥 (1)

𝑑𝑦
= −2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, = −2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 4
(𝑒 0 + 0) 2
+ 𝑒 0 (−2)2 + 2(−2) − 2 =0
𝑑𝑥 (1 + 2(0))

𝑑2 𝑦 4
(1 + 0) + 4 − 4 − =0
𝑑𝑥 2 1

𝑑2 𝑦
=4
𝑑𝑥 2

Chow Choon Wooi Page 22