International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
Effect of Albizia saman Seed Meal on the
Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finisher
Broilers
Ikpe, Juliana Nneka1, Azu, Donatus E.O1
1
Department of Agricultural Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana-Afikpo, P.M.B. 1007, Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Abstract: Albizia samanseed was cooked, dried, toasted and milled to obtain the seed meal. The meal was used in formulating diets for
broiler finishers at 0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% inclusion rate tor treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4 respectively. The
treatment diets were fed to a total of 120, four weeks old marshal breed of broilers. The broilers were randomly assigned to the four
treatment groups in a complete randomized design at 30 broilers per group. The birds were raised in a deep litter pen. The experiment
lasted for 28days. The result showed a significantly different (P<0.05) increase in weight gain as inclusion rate of the seed meal
increases. There were no difference (P>0.05) in all the organs and breast muscle while the thigh/drumstick was highest in treatment 4.
The study recommends the use of Albizia saman seed meal at up to 7.5% inclusion level in broiler finisher diet.
Keywords: Albizia saman, diet, performance, broiler production
1. Introduction
Collection and processing of Albizia saman seed meal:
The prevailing scarcity and high cost of feed ingredient have The seeds were collected at Egbu road in Owerri North
greatly affected the livestock industry. Feed alone accounts Local Government Area of Imo State, South East Nigeria.
for over 70% of the total cost of poultry production and out The seeds were soaked in water for twenty four (24) hours
of which 50% is expended in protein and energy source and the water discarded. The soaked seeds were boiled for
(Madubuike, 2012). The unprecedented cost of feed twenty five (25) minutes, dried in an oven to a moisture
ingredient has made the cost of producing these mono- content of 9-10% and toasted on fire for 5 minutes to
gastric animals high, the industry unattractive.In recent denature any possible anti-nutrient present in the seed. The
times, significant proportion of livestock (mono-gastric) seeds were then milled in hammer mill to obtain the seed
producers have scaled down the scope of their operation, meal.
some have abandoned production entirely due to high cost of
feed(Ndubuisi, 2011).To sustain the livestock industries, it Analysis of the seed meal:Sample of the seed meal was
becomes very necessary and urgent to discover other sources taken to the laboratory to analyze its proximate and
of feed ingredient that can replace either totally or partly the phytochemical composition. The proximate composition was
already existing ones whose cost is presently too high analyzed adopting the A.O.A.C. procedure while the
because of the current pressure on their usage. phytochemical composition was analyzed adopting the
methods of Harborne (1998).
Albizian samanialso called samanea saman, saman tree,rain
tree,cow bean tree or monkey podis one the shrubs whose Experimental Diets: The seed meal was used in formulating
seed can fit into as protein source in the livestock industry. four experimental diets. Treatment 1 which is the control
The plant originated from American dry tropics and is treatment contained no Albizia saman seed meal while in
presently found throughout the whole humid and sub humid treatments 2, 3 and 4 the Albizia saman seed meal replaced
tropics (Staples and Elevitch, 2006).The mesocarp of the soya bean meal at 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% inclusion rate
pod of S. saman contains a sweet nutritious pulp which respectively on weight to weight basis. The ingredient
smells of honey when the pods are broken and which composition of the experimental diets is presented in table 3.
contains 12-18% crude protein, highly digestible (40%
digestibility), thus making the pods a good source of Table 1: Ingredient composition of the experimental diet
proteins, carbohydrates and minerals for livestock Treatment levels in %
(Escalante, 1997). The study therefore, is aimed at INGRIEDIENTS T1(0.00) T2(2.50) T3(5.00) T4(7.50)
investigating the effect of Albizia saman seed meal on the Yellow maize 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00
performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broilers. Soya Bean 15.00 12.50 10.00 7.50
Albizia saman seed 0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50
meal 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
2. Materials and Methods Groundnut Cake 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Brewer’s Spent Grain 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Study area Palm Kernel Cake 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
The study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Fish Meal 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Farm of the Imo State University Owerri. Owerri and is Bone Meal 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Common Salt 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
within the rain forest belt of Nigeria.
Vit/mineral Premix 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Volume 5 Issue 11, November 2016
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20161259 DOI: 10.21275/ART20161259 148
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
DL-Methionine 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Albizia saman seed meal are presented in table 2 and table 3
L Lysine 100 100 100 100 respectively. The seed meal contains reasonable amount of
TOTAL protein. The quantity of tannin was high, cardiac glycoside,
Calculated nutrient saponin, alkaloids and flavoids were moderate while oxalate,
composition of the
22.61 21.91 21.21 20.51 phytate and phenols were low.
diets
Crude Protein 4.03 4.06 4.10 4.14
Crude Fiber 4.60 4.69 4.78 4.87 Table 2
Ether Extract 2863.68 2853.43 2863.31 2822.93 Nutrients Amount (%DM)
Metabolizable Energy Moisture 10.9
(kcal/g) Ash 5.1
Ether extract 7.2
Crude fiber 8.0
Experimental birds and design: A total of one hundred and
Crude protein 16.0
twenty (120) Marshal Breed finisher broilers of four weeks of Carbohydrate 52.8
age were used for the experiment. The broilers were divided
into four experimental groups of 30 broilers each which was
replicated 3 times to give 10 broilers per replicate. The Table 3
groups were randomly assigned to the experimental diets and Proximate composition of Albizia Saman seed meal.
Phytochemical composition of Albizia saman seed meal
raised on deep litter system of management. Feed and water
were given adlibitum and proper routine management Component Qualitative value
practices and medication adopted. The experiment lasted for Tannin +++
twenty eight (28) days. Saponins ++
Alkaloids ++
Flavonoids ++
Data collection: The broilers were weighed at the beginning
Cardiac glycosides ++
and end of the experiment to obtain their weight gain. Feed
Oxalate +
intake was determined by subtracting the weight of the
Phytate +
leftover feed from the weight of feed offered after 24 hours.
Phenols +
At the end of the 35 days feeding trial, 3 broilers were
randomly selected from each replicate for carcass and organ
weight assessment. The broilers were starved of feed for 12 DM = Dry Matter
hours prior to slaughter while water was provided.
Slaughtering was done by severing the jugular vein with a The result of performance of the finisher broilers fed diets
sharp knife. containing Albizia saman seed meal is presented in table 4.
The result showed that there was a significant (P < 0.05)
The carcass were dressed and cut into parts according to the progressive increase in the average weight gain as the
method of Okorie (2006). The cut parts and organs were inclusion rate of Albizia saman seed meal increased in the
expressed as a percentage of live weight. treatment diets.The results for feed intake, was significantly
highest in control group, treatment2 and treatment3 were
uniform and significantly higher than treatment4.Feed
Data Analysis: The data obtained from this study, was
conversion ratio has a significantly highest value in control
subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance
and least in treatment4. No mortality was recorded.
procedure and computed with IBM SPSS version 22.
Significantly difference (P<0.05) means were separated using
Duncan Multiple Range Test of the statistical software.
3. Results
The result of the proximate and phytochemical analyses of
Table 4: Performance of finisher broilers fed different dietary levels of Albizia saman Seed meal
Treatment levels %
PARAMETERS T1(0.00) T2(2.50) T3(5.00) T4(7.5) SEM
Average Initial weight (g) 793 783 801 794 1.95
Final Average Weight (g) 2900d 3033c 3100b 3366.67a 4.13
Average Daily Weight gain (g) 75.25c 80.18b 82.11b 91.88a 1.82
Average Daily Feed Intake (g/day) 213.33a 207.10b 208.69b 195.52c 1.98
Feed conversion ratio (feed intake/ weight gain) 2.83c 2.58b 2.54b 2.13a 0.76
Mortality 0 0 0 0
Without subscript= Not Significant a,b,c,d means with different superscript are significantly (P<0.05) different.SEM=
standard error mean
The result for carcass characteristics of finisher broilers fed for plucked weight, eviscerated weight, breast muscle and the
the diets is presented in table 5. The result showed that there organs. The result forthigh/drumstick showed significantly
was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the treatments (P>0.05) highest in treatment4, treatment 2 and 3, and
Volume 5 Issue 11, November 2016
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20161259 DOI: 10.21275/ART20161259 149
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
significantly higher than control.
Table 5: Result of carcass and organ characteristics of finisher broilers
Fed different levels of Albezia saman seed meal
Treatment levels %
Parameters T1(0.00) T2(2.50) T3(5.00) T4(7.50) SEM
Live weight (g) 2900c 3033b 3100b 3366.67a 4.67
Plucked weight (% L-W) 95.29 95.48 96.3 96.91 0.20
Eviscerated weight (%L-W) 89.34a 89.56a 89.73a 70.54b 2.48
Breast muscle (%L-W) 22.14 23.08 23.60 25.26 0.34
Thigh/drumstick (%L-W) 12.61c 13.58b 13.63b 14.34a 0.19
Gizzard (%L.W) 1.72 1.85 2.41 2.40 0.95
Liver (%L.W) 1.72 1.75 2.41 2.40 0.95
Heart (%L.W) 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.03
Intestinal length (cm) 278 280 283 287 1.61
Without subscript= Not Significant a,b,c,d means with different superscript are significantly (P<0.05) different.SEM=
standard error mean
4. Discussion and CW Ford, “On the Quality Assessment of tropical
browse legumes: tannin content and protein
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7.5%inclusion level, in the diet of broiler finisher, resulted 2011Available online at
to better performance than the control and uniform organ http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPAC
values.
This study therefore recommends the use of Albizia saman
seed meal up to 7.5%inclusion level in feeding of broiler
finishers.
References
[1] JH Robertson BM Ahn, R. Elliott, RC Gutteridge RC
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Paper ID: ART20161259 DOI: 10.21275/ART20161259 150
