Industrial Arts
Module 2
Cosmetology
Introduction
This course facilitates personal development and provides an introduction to the knowledge and
practical skills of haircare, beauty care, body care, customer care and salon care. It is useful as a
preparation for employment or possible future training in the hairdressing or beauty business. Students
can also apply the knowledge and skills acquired to improving their own personal presentation.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this unit/lesson, students will be able to:
1. Identify the different categories of a cosmetologist;
2. Identify and demonstrate the uses of equipment, implements, cosmetics and materials
when giving a manicure;
3. Describe the composition and structure of nails;
4. Draw and label the parts of a nails;
5. Differentiate the different nail disorder;
Activating Prior Knowledge:
Brain storm activity:
What do you know about how our nails are made?
What gets them grow?
What determines their shape, size and color?
Presentation of Content
Cosmetology- is the treatment of skin, hair and nails and includes, but is not limited to,
manicures, pedicures, application of artificial nails, special occasion hairstyling, shampooing
hair, cosmetic application, body hair removal, chemical hair relaxers or straighteners,
permanent waves, coloring and highlighting of hair, and hair extensions or wig treatments.
Cosmetologist-. A person who is licensed in cosmetology. A cosmetologist, sometimes
called a beautician, a beauty specialist, or an esthetician or aesthetician, is a worker who
specializes in giving beauty treatments.
Many cosmetologists specialize in at least one of these categories.
Hair Stylist- A hair stylist specializes in the styling of hair, including cutting, chemical perms (relaxers,
curls, waves) and color treatments. Hair stylists can also apply hair extensions and weaves. Hair stylists
can also shampoo and condition client's hair, though this is not always necessary. Some hair stylists also
give recommendations and perform work on wigs and hairpieces. Shampoo Technician
The shampoo technician- The shampoo technician is a sub-category of the hair stylist. A shampoo tech
shampoos and conditions a client's hair to create a balanced hair care finish for the hair stylist. Shampoo
techs are normally only employed by a corporate or concept salons, and large volume beauty salons that
are operated simultaneously.
Manicurist
Manicurist A manicurist specializes in nail care, including manicures, pedicures, and nail extensions.
Aesthetician-Esthetician An esthetician, or aesthetician, specializes in the study of skin care, including
facial treatments, body wraps, including salt glows, waxing as a form of hair removal, and cosmetic
make-up services. Some estheticians also offer full body skin treatments and other related services. In
some states, estheticians work with dermatologists to offer more services, including laser hair removal,
laser skin resurfacing, and many types of chemical peels.
Electrologist-Electrologist An electrologist offers removal of unwanted hair via an electrolysis machine.
As opposed to the hair removal via waxing offered by an esthetician, hair removal via electrolysis is
permanent. It has recently been argued that barbers are also cosmetologists who extend the hair stylist
specialty with services especially for men, such as shaving.
Cosmetology Tools and Equipment
NAIL CARE TOOLS are the articles used in any nail care service which are durable or
permanent and are hand-held. Tools are also referred to as implements. The tools commonly
used in giving manicure and pedicure are the following:
Callous Remover - is a tool designed to strip off calluses and corns.
Cuticle Nail Pusher - is a tool used to push back and loosen the cuticles.
Cuticle Nipper - is an implement used to cut the cuticles.
Cuticle Scissor - is an implement to cut stubborn cuticles.
Finger or Manicure Bowl - is a small bowl used for soaking the fingers to soften the cuticles.
Foot file - is made of metal or sandpaper, with a rough file on one side to remove calluses and a
fine file on the other to smoothen the feet.
Foot Spa Basin - is a large rectangular container used for bathing and soaking the feet when
giving a pedicure.
Manicure Tray - is a flat container where all the necessary tools and implements are placed for
use by the manicurist.
Manicure Nail Brush - is a plastic handled brush with nylon bristles used to clean dirt and
cosmetic residue from the nail surface and skin.
Mixing bowl - is a small open-top, rounded cup-like container used for mixing the aromatic oils
and other fluids for the hand or foot spa.
Nail Buffer - is an implement used for smoothening and polishing the nails.
Nail Cutter / Nail Clipper / Nail Trimmer - is a hand tool made of metal used to trim
fingernails and toenails.
Nail File - is an implement used to shape the free edges of the nail with the coarse side and bevel
the nail with the finer side.
Orangewood Stick - is an implement with pointed and rounded ends to remove excess polish.
Plastic Container for Cotton - is a small receptacle where cotton balls are put.
Pumice Stone - is a type of volcanic rock, which is actually frothy lava solidified to form a
porous rock to remove dry and annoying skin of the feet as well as calluses.
Supply Tray - is a flat container that holds the necessary cosmetics and implements.
Trolley - is a wheeled cart that is pushed by hand and used for transporting manicuring and
pedicuring tools and materials.
MATERIALS are the cosmetics and supplies that are consumed and should be replaced from
time to time. They are also called consumables. The following are the materials used in giving
manicure, pedicure, hand and foot spa:
Alcohol - is an organic compound used as sanitizer.
Antiseptic Solution - is an agent that reduces or prevents the multiplication of micro-organisms
Apron - is an outer protective garment that covers primarily the front of the body to protect
clothes from dirt or stains.
Assorted Colored Nail Polish - is a lacquer applied on fingernails and toenails to decorate
and/or protect the nail plate.
Base Coat - is a clear layer of polish applied to the nail plate before the application of colored
polish to smoothen surface for color and promote healthier nails.
Benzalkonium Chloride - is a yellow-white powder prepared in an aqueous solution used as
surface disinfectant and topical antiseptic.
Bleaching Soap - is a soap formulated to whiten the skin.
Cling Wrap - is a thin plastic film used for sealing the paraffin during a hand spa.
Cotton - is a soft white downy fiber for dabbing or cleaning the nails and removing nail polish.
Cuticle Oil - is a mixture of fats and waxes containing lanolin and petroleum base to soften and
lubricate the skin around the nails.
Cuticle Remover - is a liquid used to soften nail cuticles and prepare them to be cut.
Disinfectant - is an agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical, that destroys, neutralizes, or
prevents the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms.
Emery board - is a wooden, sand paper-like stick with a fine texture on one side and a coarse
texture on the other side used to gently grind down the edges of the nails.
First Aid Kit - is a collection of supplies for use in giving first aid.
Foot Blush - is a liquid spray that contains peppermint and alpha hydroxyl acids derived from
fruits that whisks away dead skin cells, deodorizes and soften the feet, giving it a pinkish glow
after use.
Foot Soak - is an herbal blend to relax, energize, soothe and deodorize the feet.
Foot Scrub - is a mixture of natural ingredients to keep feet soft, smooth and moisturized.
Garbage bins/bags - are plastic disposable bags or trash receptacles used to contain rubbish to
keep the place clean.
Hand Towel - is an absorbent cloth for drying the hands.
Lotion - is any of various cosmetic preparations that are applied to soften the skin.
Manicure Pillow - is a hand cushion that helps a client to keep her hands steady and relaxed.
Nail Hardener - is a liquid applied to the nails to form a protective barrier to prevent chipping,
peeling and splitting of nails.
Nail Polish Remover (Acetone) - is an organic solvent used to dissolve old polish on nails.
Quick Dry - is a liquid applied to colored nail polish to dry faster.
Solvent - is a substance used to thin out the nail polish when it has thickened.
Toe Nail Separator - is a soft material where toes are inserted to keep them apart to prevent a
freshly painted toenail from staining another toe.
Top Coat - is a clear nail polish applied to the nails after the colored polish to protect it from
scratches and chips, it makes nails harder and keep them looking shiny.
Towel - is an absorbent cloth for drying the hands and feet.
Wet Sanitizer - is a substance or preparation for killing germs.
EQUIPMENT are the items which are more or less durable and permanent needed for a
particular activity or purpose.
These are the equipment and furniture or fixtures that are used in a salon:
Chairs - are seats with back support which have four legs and some have rests for the arms.
Foot Spa Machine - is an electronic gadget used for soaking, bathing and massaging the feet
during a foot spa.
Foot Spa Stool - is a simple seat with three or four legs designed to provide comfort and
elevation during a foot spa.
Hand Spa Machine - is an electronic gadget used to soothe pain of arthritis, muscle spasms and
dry cracked skin of the hands.
Manicurist’s Chair or Stool - is the adjustable upholstered seat fitted over a metal or chrome.
Manicure Table - is a furniture especially designed for giving manicure. Usually it has a
laminated plastic surface and a drawer for storing materials. It is often fitted with ball casters for
easy mobility.
Sterilizer - is an equipment in a salon used for sterilizing metal implements to kill micro-
organisms.
Timer - is a device that can be preset to start or stop something at a given time.
The nail is a flexible plate of horny tissue, made up of keratin, i.e. epidermic cells formed in
the root of the nail and hardened. Various factors influence the development of this keratin
sheet, the largest in the human body : its genetic composition, nutrition, health (nail state is
its best reflection), environment, etc.
Besides keratin, there are highly moderated concentrations of mineral salts, such as sulphur,
selenium, calcium and potassium.
