DUAL NATURE

5. The frequency and intensity of a light source

are both doubled. Consider the following
statements.
(i) The saturation photocurrent remains
SINGLE ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
almost the same.
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT:
(ii) The maximum kinetic energy of the
1. When stopping potential is applied in an
photoelectrons is doubled.
experiment on photoelectric effect, no
(A) Both (i) and (ii) are true
photocurrent is observed. This means that
(B) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(A) the emission of photoelectrons is stopped
(C) (i) is false but (ii) is true
(B)the photoelectrons are emitted but are
(D) both (i) and (ii) are false
reabsorbed by the emitter metal
6. The work function for aluminium surface is 4.2
(C) the photoelectrons are accumulated near the
eV and that for sodium surface is 2.0 ev. The
collector plate
two metals were illuminated with appropriate
(D)the photoelectrons are dispersed from the sides
radiations so as to cause photo emission. Then:
of the apparatus.
(A) Both aluminium and sodium will have the same
2. Two separate monochromatic light beams A
threshold frequency
and B of the same intensity (energy per unit
(B) The threshold frequency of aluminium will be
area per unit time) are falling normally on a
more than that of sodium
unit area of a metallic surface. Their
(C) The threshold frequency of aluminium will be
wavelength are  A and  B respectively.. less than that of sodium
Assuming that all the incident light is used in (D) The threshold wavelength of aluminium will be
ejecting the photoelectrons, the ratio of the more than that of sodium
number of photoelectrons from beam A to that 7. The energy of a photon of frequency n is E =
from B is hn and the momentum of a photon of
2 2 wavelength  is p = h /  . From this statement
       
(A)  A  (B)  B  (C)  A  (D)  B  one may conclude that the wave velocity of
 B   A   B   A  light is equal to :
3. When a centimetre thick surface is illuminated E
2
E
with light of wavelength  , the stopping (A) 3 × 108 ms–1 (B) p
(C) E p (D)  
p
potential is V. When the same surface is
8. A particle of mass M at rest decays into two
illuminated by light of wavelength 2  , the particles of masses m1 and m2, having non zero
stopping potential is V/3. The threshold velocities. The ratio of the de Broglie
wavelength for the surface is :
1
4 8 wavelengths of the particles,  is :
(A) (B) 4  (C) 6  (D) 2
3 3
4. When monochromatic light falls on a m1 m2 m2
photosensitive material, the number of (A) m (B) m (C) 1 : 1 (D) m1
2 1
photoelectrons emitted per second is n and
9. The potential energy of a particle of mass m
their maximum kinetic energy is Kmax. If the
intensity of the incident light is doubled  E0 0  x  1
is given by V  x     and 2
keeping the frequency same, then : 0 x  1  1
(A) both n and Kmax are doubled
are de-Broglie wave lengths of the particle,
(B) both n and Kmax are halved
(C) n is doubled but Kmax remains the same when 0  x  1 and x  1 respectively. If the
(D) Kmax is doubled but n remains the same 1
total energy of particle is 2 E0 , find 
2

167
 DUAL NATURE

1 13. The magnetic field associated with a light wave

A) 2 B) C) 2 :1 D) 4 :1 is given, at the origin, by
2
10. In a photoelectric experiment anode potential   
B  B0 sin 3.14  107 ct  sin 6.28 107 ct  
is plotted against plate current If this light falls on a silver plate having a work
function of 4.7 eV. What will be the maximum
I kinetic energy of the photoelectrons ?

B  c  3 10 m / s, h  6.6 10

8 34
J s 
C A) 6.82 ev B) 12.5 eV C) 8.52 eVD) 7.72 eV
A
14. In an electron microscope, the resolution that
can be achieved is of the order of the
V
wavelength of electrons used. To resolve a
width of 7.5  1012 m , the minimum electron
(A) A and B will have different intensitites while B energy required is close to
and C will have differen frequencies. A) 500 keV B) 100 keV
(B) B and C will have different intensities while A C) 1 keV D) 25 keV
and C will have different frequencies. 15. In a photoelectric experiment, the wavelength
(C) A and B will have different intensities while A of the light incident on a metal is changed from
and C will have equal freuencies. 300 nm to 400 nm. The decrease in the
(D) A and B will have equal intensities while B and stopping potential is close to
C will have different fequencies.
 hc 
11. Electrons in a sample of gas containing   1240 nm V 
hydrogen like atom (Z=3) are in fourth excited  e 
state. When photons emitted only due to A) 0.5 V B) 1.5 V C) 1.0 V D) 2.0 V
transition from third excited state to second 16. In a frank Hertz experiment, an electron of
excited state are incident on a metal plate energy 5.6 eV passes through mercury vapor
photoelectrons are ejected. The stopping and emerges with an energy 0.7 eV . The
potential for these photoelectrons is 3.95 V.
minimum wavelength of photons emitted by
Now, if only photons emitted due to transition
mercury atoms is close to
from fourth excited state to third excited state
A) 1700 nm B) 2020 nm
are incident on the same metal plate, the
C) 220 nm D) 250 nm
stopping potential for the emitted
\17. When a certain photosensitive surface is
photoelectrons will be approximately equal to
illuminated with monochromatic light of
A) 0.85 V B) 0.75 V C) 0.65 V D) None of these
frequency v, the stopping potential for the
12. Surface of certain metal is first illuminated with
photocurrent is V0 / 2 . When the surface is
light of wavelength 1  350 nm and then, by
illuminated by monochromatic light of
light of wavelength 2  540 nm . If is found frequency v/2, the stopping potential is -V0 .
that the maximum speed of the photoelectrons The threshold frequency for photoelectric
in the two cases differ by a factor of 2. The emission is
work function of the metal (in eV) is close to 5v 4v 3v
A) B) C) 2v D)
 1240  3 3 2
 Energy of photon  eV  18. If the de Broglie wavelength of an electron is
   in nm  
equal to 10-3 times the wavelength of a photon
A) 1.8 B) 2.5 C) 5.6 D) 1.4
of frequency 6  1014 Hz , then the speed of

168 NARAYANAGROUP
 DUAL NATURE

electron is equal to (Given: speed of light =

3  108 m / s; Planck’s constant =

6.63  1034 J s ; mass of electron = l
9.1 1031 kg
light
A) 1.45  106 m / s B) 1.1 106 m / s
C) 1.7  106 m / s D) 1.8  106 m / s
W W
19. A particle A of mass m and charge q is A) tan   MgC B) cot   MgC
accelerated by a potential difference of 50 V.
Another particle B of mass 4m and charge q
is accelerated by a potential difference of 2500 W W
C) sin   MgC D) cos   MgC
V. The ratio of de Broglie wavelengths  A / B
is close to 23. In the above problem if the strip is deflected
A) 10.00 B) 0.07 C) 14.14 D) 4.47 slightly from its equilibrium position in the
plane of the figure, what will be the time period
PRESSURE DUE TO RADIATION of the resulting oscillations ?
20. A photon of light enters a block of glass after
l l
travelling through vacuum. The energy of the 2 2
 2  W 2 1/ 4  2  W 2 
1/ 4
photon on entering the glass block A) B)
 g    g   
(A) increases because its associated wavelength  mc   
 mc  

decreases
(B) Decreases because the speed of the radiation 1
decreases l 2 1/ 4
2  2  W 2 
(C) Stays the same because the speed of the C) 1/ 2 D)
radiation and the associated wavelength do not g 2
 W2   g  


mc  
change
24. Consider a sphere of radius R exposed to
(D) Stays the same because the frequency of the
radiation of intensity I as shown in figure . If
radiation does not change
surface of sphere is partially reflection and
21. Radiation pressure on any surface :
reflection coefficient is 0.3, then radiation
(A) is dependent on wavelength of the light used
force experienced is:
(B) is dependent on nature of surface and intensity
of light used
(C) is dependent on frequency and nature of
surface R
(D) depends on the nature of source from which
light is coming and on nature of surface on which it
is falling.
22. Figure shows a small, plane strip suspended R 2 I 1.7R 2 I
from a fixed support through a string of length A) B)
c c
l. A continuous beam of monochromatic light
is incident horizontally on the strip and is 0.3 R2 I
C) D) None
completely absorbed. The energy falling on c
the strip per unit time is W. Find the deflection 25. A point source of light is placed at the centre
of the string from the vertical if the mirror of curvature of a hemispherical surface. The
stays in equilibrium. radius of curvature is r and the inner surface
is completerly reflecting. Find the force on
169
 DUAL NATURE

the hemisphere due to the light falling on it is 29. Select the correct alternative(s):
the source emits a power W. When photons of energy 4.25 eV strike the
W W surface of a metal A, the ejected photo
A) B) F  electrons have maximum kinetic energy TA
C 2C
eV and de Broglie wave length  A . The
W W
C) D) maximum kinetic energy of photo electrons
3C 4C
26. The radiation force experienced by a body liberated from another metal B by
exposed to radiation of intensity I assuming photons of energy 4.70 eV is TB = (TA - 1.50)
surface of body to be perfectly absorbing is eV. If the de-Brogleie wave length of these
photo electrons is  B = 2  A , then:
(A) the work function of A is 2.25 eV
H R (B) the work function of B is 4.20 eV
(C) TA = 2.00 eV (D) TB = 2.75 eV
30. When a monochromatic point source of light
is at a distance of 0.2m from a photoelectric
2
R I 2
2R I 2
4 R I cell, the cut-off voltage and the saturation
A) B) C) D) None current are respectively 0.6V and 18.0 mA.
c c c
27. A totally reflecting, small plane mirror placed If the same source is placed 0.6m away from
horizontally faces a parallel beam of light as the photoelectric cell, then :
shown in figure. The mass of the mirror is 20 A) The stopping potential will be 0.2V
g. Assume that there is no absorption in the B) The stopping potential will be 0.6V
lens and that 30% of the light emitted by the C) The saturation current will be 6.0 mA
source goes through the lens. Find the power D) The saturation current will be 2.0mA
of the source needed to support the weight of
t he mir r or. Tak e g = 10 m/s2. 31. The radiation emitted when an electron jumps
from n=4 to n=3 in a lithium atom  z = 3 falls
on a metal surface to produce photoelectron.
When the photoelectrons with maximum
kinetic energy are made to move
S perpendicular to a magnetic field of 2x10-4T,

A) 50MW B) 400MW 9.1

it traces a circular path of radius cm .
C) 150MW D) 100MW 1.6
MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS [RhC=13.6eV](mass of electron=9.1x10-31kg)
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT:
28. Photoelectric effect supports quantum nature
of light because A) The wavelength of radiation falling on metal is
(A)there is a minimum frequency below which no 208 nm (nearly)
photoelectrons are emitted B) The work function of metal is 3.95 eV
(B)the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons C) The kinetic energy of photoelectrons is 6eV
depends only on the frequency of light and not on D) The energy of incident photon is 5.95eV
its intensity 32. A gas containing hydrogen like atoms with
(C) even when the metal surface is faintly illuminated atomic number Z, emits photons in transition
the photoelectrons leave the surface immediately n + 2  n; where n = Z and work function of
(D) electric charge of the photoelectrons is metal is 4.2eV . The photons are incident on
quantized
170 NARAYANAGROUP
 DUAL NATURE

the metal emitting electrons of minimum de

radiation
Broglie wavelength 5A 0 Platinum 124A Tungsten
emitter target
A) The maximum K.E of photoelectrons is 6 eV
B) The maximum K.E of photoelectrons is 5 eV
C) The value of Z is 2 D) The value of Z is 3
33. A source emits monochromatic light of
frquency 5.5  1014 Hz at a rate of 0.1 W. Out VA = 10,000 V
of the photons emmited 0.15% fall on the
35. What is the power supplied by the accelerating
cathode of a photocell which gives a current of
voltage source.
6  A in an external circuit. Then choose the (A) 100 watt (B) 10 watt
correct options. (C) 0.1 watt (D) 1 watt
A) The energy of a photon is 2.27eV 36. The minimum wavelength of radiation coming
B) The number of photons leaving the source per from the tungsten target (collector) is
second 2.75  1017 (A) 124 Å (B) 1.24 Å
C) Number of photo electrons emitted per second (C) 1.23 Å (D) 12.3 Å
is 3.75  1013 37. If the source of monochromatic radiation of
wavelength 124 Å has an efficiency of 50%,
D) The percentage of the photons falling on the
and the power of X ray emitted by the tungsten
cathode which produce photoelectrons is 9%
target is 3W, the overall efficiency of the
34. Work function of metal X equals ionisation
apparatus for X-ray production is
energy of Li 2  ion in second excited state. (A) 1 % (B) 0.1% (C) 1.5% (D) 0.67%
work function of another metal Y equals PARAGRAPH - II
ionisation energy of He  ion with electron in In a photoelectric effect set up, a point source
n  4 . Now a photon of energy X falls on both of light of power 3.2 x 10 –3 W emits
metals such that maximum kinetic energy of monoenergetic photons of energy 5eV. The
photo electron emitted from metal ‘X’ is half source is located at a distance of 0.8m from
that of photo electron emitted from metal Y. the centre of a stationary metallic sphere of
Potential energy of electron in ground state in work function 3eV and radius 8 x 10–3m. The
hydrogen atom is E. Choose the correct options efficiency of photoelectron emission is one for
every 106 incident photons. Assume that the
A) X  3.5 E B) X  7 E
sphere is isolated and initially neutral and the
C) As x increases, difference in maximum kinetic photoelectrons are initially swept away after
energy of photo electrons increases emission.
D) As x increases, difference in maximum kinetic 38. Find the number of photons emitted per second
energy of photo electrons remain constant A) 105 B) 2 x 1015 C) 4 x 1015 D) 6 x 1015
39. Find the maximum kinetic energy of
COMPREHENSSIONS photoelectrons :
PARAGRAPH - I A) 8  10 20 J B) 16  10 20 J
The co llecter of the photocell (in photoelectric
experiment) is made of tungsten while the C) 24  10 20 J D) 32  10 20 J
emitter is of Platinum having work function of PARAGRAPH -III
10 eV. Monochromotic radiation of wavelength If an electron jumps from mth orbit to the nth
124 Å & power 100 watt is incident on emitter orbit (m > n). The energy of the atom changes
which emits photo electrons with a quantum from Em to En. This extra energy Em – En is
efficiency of 1%. The accelerating voltage emitted as a photon whose wavelength is given
across the photocell is of 10,000 volts
(Use:hc=12400eV Å)
171
 DUAL NATURE

1  1 1   hc   1 1  hc   1 1
by  RZ2  2  2  Where R=1.09×107m– A) C0  e       B) C0  e      
 n m  0 0
1
(Rydberg constant) A photon ejected from
the transition of electron from mth excited state  hc   1 1
C) C0  e       D) Data insufficient
of He+ ion to nth state is allowed to fall on a 0

photoelectric material with work function,  44. When potential of sphere is V0 / 2, the en-
= 7eV. [Given h = 4.14 × 10–15 eVs and c = 3 × ergy of emitted photo electron will be
108 ms–1]
40. The photo-electric effect will take place for 3V0 e hc V0 e
A) B) 
the transition of electron from 2  2
A) 3rd orbit to 2nd orbit B) 4th orbit to 3rd orbit hc hc hc hc
C) 5th orbit to 3rd orbit C)     eV0 D) 2  2
0 0
D) Photoelectron can not be ejected
PARAGRAPH -V
41. The stopping potential for the photo-electrons
A piece of photo sensitive material is placed at the
ejected due to transition from 2nd orbit to
ground state is 0
origin O. Radiation of wavelength is incident
A) 30.5 V B) 40.5 V C) 50.5 V D) 60.5 V 4
PARAGRAPH -IV on it, 0 being the threshold wavelength. The most
An insulated conducting shell is exposed to
energetic photo electron happen to come out along
a radiation of wavelength  . The threshold
the y-axis Mass of electron is m
wavelength of the conducting shell is  0   . 45. Find the distance of the point where this
Since of incident photon is greater than electron will strike the line y  x. If an electric
threshold energy,the emission of
photoelectrons will occur and due to it sphere r  ˆ ˆj 
field E  E0  i   exists in the space
gets charge and its potential becomes V0 and  2
at this moment emission of photoelectrons
stops. 3hc 16 2hc
A) eE  B)
 0 0 3o eE0
C0
R
3 2hc 8 2hc
C) D)
eE0 0 eE0 0
46. What will be de Broglie wavelength associates
with the electron at the moment it strikes the
line x  y .
42. Value of V0 3h0 3h0
A) B)
1 1 hc  1 1 2mc 34mc
A) hc      B) e     
0 0 h0 h0
C) D)
hc  1 1 2mc 17mc
C) e      D) Data insufficient PARAGRAPH -VI
0
Although a photon has no rest mass, but it
43. By closing the switch a capacitor is connected
to the sphere (as shown in the figure). “Find hf
possesses the inertial mass m  where h is
the charge on the capacitor after a long time”., c2
if it was uncharged initially. plancks’s constant, f is frequency of light and c
172 NARAYANAGROUP
 DUAL NATURE

is speed of light. Since light is deflected by a 50. Find the number of photons emited per second
gravitational field, so it is naturally assured that A) 105 B) 2 1015 C) 4 1015 D) 6 1015
photons have same gravitational behaviour as other
51. Find the maximum kinetic energy of
particles. When photons are emitted from surface
photoelectrons.
of star of mass M and radius R, total energy of
A) 8 1020 J B) 16 1020 J
photon will be sum of hf and gravitational potential
energy. At a large distance from star, the photon is C) 24 1020 J D) 32 1020 J
beyond the star’s gravitational field, so its
gravitational potential energy becomes zero but its MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS
total energy remains constant. So frequency of a 52. Related to photoelectric effect, in Column I,
photon emitted from surface of a star decreases as Some physical quantities change while in
it moves away from star. A photon in visible region column II effects of changes are given. Match
of spectrum is thus shifted towards red end, and the entires of Column I with the entries of
this phenomens is known as gravitational red shift Column II.
Choose the correct answer. COLUMN - I
47. The potential energy of photon which is at A) Intensity of incident light changes
surface of star is (Where, M=Mass of the B) Frequency of incident light changes
star, R=Radius of the star, G=Universal C) Target material changes
gravitational constant) D) Potential difference between the emitter and
hf GMhf GMhf collector changes
A) hf B) C) 2 D)  2 COLUMN - II
2 c R cR
48. If ' f ' is frequency of photon when it is very P) K max of emitted photoelectrons changes
Q) Stopping potential changes
f  f' R) Saturation current changes
far away from star then
f S) Time delay in emission of photoelectrons changes
53. Match the following:
GM GMh GM GMh
A) 2 B) 2 C) 2 D) COLUMN - I
Rc Rc c R Rc A) The voltage applied to X-ray tube is increased
49. If a photon of original frequency f falls B) In photoelectric effect, work function of the
through a small height H near the earth’s target is increased
surface, then fractional charge in frequency C) Stopping potential decreases
will be (acceleration due to gravity is g) D) Wavelength of K X-ray increased
gH gH 2 c2 gH COLUMN - II
A) B) C) D) 2 P) Average KE of the electrons decreases
c c gH c
Q) Average KE of the electrons increases
PARAGRAPH -VII
R) Cut-off wavelength decreased
In a photoelectric effect set up, a point source of
S) Atomic number of target material decreases
light of power 3.2  103W emits monoenergetic
photons of energy 5eV. The source is located at a INTEGER QUESTIONS
distance of 0.8m from the centre of a stationary 54. The radius of an  - particle moving in a circle
metallic sphere of work function 3eV and radius in a constant magnetic field is half the radius
8  103 m . The efficiency of photoelectron of an electron moving in circular path in the
emission is one for every 106 incident photons. same field. The de Broglie wavelength of  -
Assume that the sphere is isolated and initially particle is n times that of the electron. Find n
neutral and the photoelectrons are initially swept (an integer).
away after emission.

173
 DUAL NATURE
55. The de Broglic wavelength of an electron kinetic energy. Assume that the photoelectron
moving with a velocity of 1.5  108 m / sec is emission efficinecy is 100% A potential
difference of 500 V is applied between the
equal to that of a photon. Find the ratio of the
cathode and the anode. All the emitted
energy of the photon to that of the kinetic
electrons are incident normally on the anode
energy of the electron.
and are absorbed. The anode experiences a
56. A monochromatic sources of light operating
force F = 8n × 10–4 N due to the impact of the
at 200 W emits 4  1020 photons per second, electrons. The value of n is........ Mass of the
then the wavelength of the light is electron me = 9 × 10–31 kg and 1.0 eV = 1.6 ×
 P 10  m . where P is .........
7 10–19 J.? (IIT JEE ADV.2018)
57. ‘S’ is isotropic point source producing
monochromatic radiation with power P. Force
P
on hemisphere is . Find the value of ‘n’
nC
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
(C is speed of light).
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.B
8.C 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.D
58. A parallel beam of monochromatic light of
15.C 16.D 17.D
wavelength 663nm is incident on a totally
18.A 19.C 20.D 20.D 21.B 22.A 23.B
reflecting plane mirror. The angle of incidence
24.A 25.B 26.A 27.D
is 60 and the number of photons striking the MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
mirror per second is 1.0  1019 . Calculate the 28.A,B,C 29.A,B,C 30.B,D 3 1 . A , B , D
force exerted by light beam on the mirror 32.A,C 33.A,B,C,D 34.A,D
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
 P 10 8
N  .Find the value of P..
35.A 36.C 37. A 38.C 39.D
59. A beam of light has three wavelength 4000 A0 , 40.A 41.B 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.B 46.B
47.B 48.C 49.D 50.C 51..D
5000A0 and 6000 A0 with a total intensity
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
3  103 wm 2 equally distributed among the 52.A-R, B-P,Q, C-P,Q, D-S
three wavelengths the beam fall normally on 53.A-Q,R, B- P,R, C-P,R, D-S
an area of 2cm 2 of clean metallic surface of
work function 2.4eV . If efficiently is 1% then INTEGER QUESTIONS
54)1 55)4 56)4 57)4 58)1 59) 4
photo current is 1.x 10 9 A . The value of x is
60) 0.148 61) 3
60. Light of wavelength 180 nm ejects
photoelectrons from a plate of metal whose
work fucntion is 2 eV. If a unifrom magnetic
field of 5 105 T. The applied parallel to the
plate, what would be the radius(in m) of the SINGLE ANSWER
path followed by electrons ejected normally 1. Emission of photo electron is independent of
from the plate with maximum energy external factor. It depends only on the nature of
61. In a photoelectric experiment a parallel beam the material and wavelength of incident light
of monochromatic light with power of 200W is 2. The number of photo electron depends on the
incident on a perfectly absorbing cathode of Number of photons Number of photon
work function 6.25 eV. The frequency of light
I  ·I
is just above the threshold frequency so that = hc /  = hc µ l
the photoelectrons are emitted with negligible

174 NARAYANAGROUP
 DUAL NATURE

A For transition from 3rd to 2nd excited state

Ratio of no. of photo electrons= B 3.95 = 5.95 –     2 eV
hC for longer wavelength eVs=2.75–2 =0.75 eV
3. 
= f + eV ....(i)
12. For 1 :
hC eV
2
=f+ 3
....(ii) hc 1 2
   m  2v 
3  hc
350 2
hc
3 x II – I Þ  – 1 = 2fÞ f =
 2   4 hc 1
    mv 2
\ lth = 4l 540 2
4. Since frequency of light is same, KEmax remains same Now, dividing Eq. (1) by Eq. (2). we get
and if intensity of the light is doubled, number of
photons doubles and hence n also doubles. hc

350 4
nh
5. I , when frequency is doubled for I to hc
tA 
540
become doubled n should remain the
same. saturation photo current remains the same hc  hc 
   4  
but maximum kinectic energy becomes more than 350  540 
doubled (from KEmax  h  w )
4hc hc
6. The threshold frequency for Al must be greater as    3
540 350
it has higher work function. (Q W  h 0 )
1  4 1  1  4  350  540 
h E E   hc      1240  
7. C=l· n = · =
3  540 350  3  350  540 
p h p
  1.85eV
h 13. Given, magnetic field associated with light wave is
8. l= and from conservation of linear momentum
p
  
B  B0 sin 3.14  107 c t  sin 6.28  107 c t 
both particles will have same magnitude of linear
momentum after decay. where c is the speed of light
In above wave equat ion, there are t wo
h electromagnetic waves with different frequency.
1 p1 p2 2mK 2 2 E0 To get maximum kinetic energy consider the photon
     2
9. 2 h p1 with higher frequency B1  B0 sin   107 c  t
2mK1 2 E0  E0
p2
107
10. A and B have same stopping potential  A and B v1  c
will have same frequency. B and C have same 2
saturation photo current  B and C will have same  
B2  B0 sin 2  10 7 c t
intensity , but different frequencies as their stopping
potentials are different. v2  107 c
 1 1 v2  v1
11. hv = 13.6 (3) 2  2  2  = 2.75 eV for
4 5  Kinetic energy of photoelectron will be a maximum
th rd
transition from 4 to 3 excited state for photon of higher energy.
 1  1
hv = (13.6) × (3)2  2  2  = 5.95 eV
E    KE  EPh  hf 
3 4 

175
 DUAL NATURE

hf    KEmax 1 1
34 7 6
hc     e V1  V2 
Emax  hf  6.6  10  10  3  10  1 2 
6.6  3  1019
hC  2  1 
19  V1  V2   
6.6  3  10 e  12 
 eV  12.37eV
1.6 1019
 400  300 
K .Emax  EPh      1240
 400  300 
 12.375  4.7  7.675
=7.7 eV 100
 1240  1.03V  1 V
120000
14. Wavelength is given by 1) 1700 nm 2) 2020 nm
h 3) 220 nm 4) 250 nm
 16. In frank -Hertz experiment
p
12400
h E  eV  
 p 

12400
Therefore, required energy is  
5.6  0.7
1 2
K .E  mv 12400
2  
2
4.9
1 p2  h /    2530 A  253 nm  250 nm
 
2 m 2m 17. Energy of incident photon is
2
 6.6 10  34 V 
E  W0  e  0 
 2
 7.5 10  2  9.110 
12 31

eV0
 KE  25keV hv  W0  - (1)
2
15. The potential necessary to stop any electron from
reaching the other side hv
 W0  eV0 -(2)
1  300 nm 2
From Eq.(1) and Eq.(2). we get
2  400 nm
3
For 1 W0  hv
2
hc 3
   eV1 - (1)  hv0  hv
1 2
For 2 3v
 v0 
2
hc
   eV2 -(2) 18.
1 We have
Subtracting Eq. (2) from Eq.(1), we get

176 NARAYANAGROUP
 DUAL NATURE

103  3  108 T cos 


6 1014
T 

 0.5  109 light

   5  1010 T sin 

h
Since,   mg
mv

v
h 1  tan   W
m  2 Mgc
6.6 1034 W
 23. W = Fc = mac  a 
5 1010  9.11031 mc
 1.45  106 m / s
a & g are perpendicular to each other
19. Wave length is given by 2
2 W  2 2
h anet  a g    g
  mc 
p


h

h a
2mK 2mqV  K  qV 

A 2mB qBVB anet

Thus,   2m q V
B A A A g
4mq  2500
 L l
mq  50 T  2  2 1
anet g2  W 2
 4
 2 50  2  7.07  mc   
A 24. Force due to radiation on sphere
Therefore,   14.14
B
IA I  R 2
20.Frequency of light does not change with medium. F 
C C
I 25.
21. The radiation pressure = (1   ) Cos 2
C
where  = coefficient of refection L
22. T sin   F
F = Force exerted by light beam. For perfect O
R
reflecting surface,
dA cos
W dA
T sin     1 M
c
T cos   Mg      2 from the solution of 8th problem of practice sheet 2,
p dA
dF 
4r 2 c

177
 DUAL NATURE

p 30P
F   dFcos   2  dA cos  time. N 
4r c 100hc
p p change in the momentum of each photon per unit
 ( R 2 )    dA cos   R 2 
4r 2 c 4c    2h 
time = N   (mirror is perfect ly

dA sin  reflector)
L
 force on t he mirror
dA cos dA cos
R  2h  30P 2h 60P
26. = N    F  . 
H  100hc  100c
in equillibrium, F = mg
M
60  P  3
    20 10  10 P
Energy received per unit area per unit time = I 100  3  108 
no. of photons incident per unit area per unit time =100 MW
I
= MULTIPLE ANSWER
hc
28. The photo electric effect can be explained if photon
number of photons incident on dA cos per unit is considered as particle i.e.quantum nature
I 29. Kmax = E – W
time  dA cos 
Therefore : TA = 4.25 – WA ......(i)
hc
change in momentum of each photon when incident TB = (TA – 1.50) = 4.70 – WB ....(ii)
Equation (i) and (ii) gives,
h
on a completely absorbing surface = WB – WA = 1.95 eV ......(iii)

de-Broglie wavelength is given by
change in momentum on dA cos per unit time
h 1
dp  I l= or l µ
  h 2Km K
dF    dA cos   
dt  hc    K = KE of elecron
I B KA TA
 F   dF   dA cos  \  = K or 2 = T – 1.5 or TA = 2eV
c A B A

I From equation (i)

 F  R 2 Q  dAcos   area of LM  R 2 WA = 4.25 – TA = 2.25 eV
c
From equations (iii) ,
WB + 1.95 eV = (2.25 + 1.95) eV
or WB = 4.20 eV.
TB = 4.70 – WB = 4.70 – 4.20 = 0.50 eV.
30. Stopping potential remains same as frequency
27. remains the same. Saturation current is directly
1
S proportional to intensity of light. i.e i  I 
r2
31. Energy of emitted photons
30P
Energy incident on the mirror per unit time =   1 1 1 1 
100 E 13.6 z2  2  2  13.6 9   5.95eV
Number of photons incident on the surface per unit  n1 n2   9 16 

178 NARAYANAGROUP
 DUAL NATURE

hc 1240 
    208.4 nm For He  maximum KE = x  0
E 5.95 4

mv 2mKEmax B2q2r 2 1  
r  KEmax   2eV x  0   x  0 
Bq Bq 2m 2 4 

W  E  KEmax  3.95eV 0 7 0
x  2 0  
4 4
2
1 1  h2

32. 13.6z  n2  n 2 2   W  KE max and KEmax  But E0  2 E

    2m 2
33. A) Since, 7
x   E  3.5 E
2
  
E  hv  6.6  10 34 5.5  1014  36.3  10 20 J
Also, x increases, only when maximum KE of
 E  2.27eV photoelectron not the difference in KE maximum
B) Number of photons leaving the source per COMPREHENSSION ANSWER
second is PASSAGE:I
35. P = V is
P 0.3
n   2.75  1017 where V = accelerating voltage
E 36.3  1020 is = saturation photocurrent
Number of photons falling on cathode per second
is = Power of source of light 12400
 Quantum efficiency   (in Å)
is
0.15 100  .01 124
n1   2.75  1017  4.125  1014 = =0.01A; \Power = 100W
12400
100
C) Number of photoelectrons emitting per second hc
36. Maximum energy of incoming electron = –f+
is 
eV
6 106
n2  19
 3.75  1013  12400 
1.6 10 =  124  10  10,000  eV = 10,090 eV
 
 percentage of photons  n2
D) So,     100 12400
lmin = 10090 = 1.23 Å
 falling on cathode  n1
 percentage of photons  3.751013
  14
100  9% 37.Power provided by accelerating potential = 100 W
 falling on cathode  4.12510 Power consumed by the source of
34. For Li 2  n  3 100
124 Å= (0.5) = 200 W
E0 Z 2 E0 (3) 2
lonisation energy = n 2  2
 E0 net power of X ray
3 Overall efficiency= net power supplied =

For He   n  4  , ionisation energy 3W

100W  200 W = .01 = 1%
E0 Z 2 E0 (2)2 E0 PASSAGE:II
  2

n2 4 4 38. Energy of emitted photons
Now max KE=Energy of photon-ionisation energy E 1  5eV  5  1.6  10  19 J
For Li 2  maximum KE = x 0 Power of point source  3.2  10 3 J / s

179
 DUAL NATURE

Energy emitted per second  E 2  3.2  10  3 J 3 eE0 6hc

t 
E2 4 m m0
No. of photons   n   E  4 10 photons
15

1
4 2mhc
39.  K.E max   5  3 ev  32 1020 J t
eE0 30

PASSAGE:III eE0 16 2mhc

x  
2m e 2 E02 30
1 7   1 1
40. Q  1.09  10  4      = 165 nm
 4 9 16 2hc
r  x2  y 2  2 x 
hc hc 3eE0 0
Q   7eV     0    177 nm
0
46. v y  u y  a y t
Q    0 Photoelectric effect will occur
6hc eE0 4 2mhc
hc  1   1  hc  =  
41.Stoping potential=          40.5V m0 2m eE0 30
e    e e  
2hc
PASSAGE:IV vy 
3m0
hc hc
42. h    KE max  h    eV0    V0
  eE0 2mhc 4
vx  a x t  
 1 1 hc  1 1  2m 30 e 0
 hc     eV0  V0    
   e   0 
2hc
43. One end of the capacitor is connected to sphere at vx  4
3m0
potential V0 and the other is earthered
 The potential difference across capacitor = V0
2hc
v  v12  v12  17
 hc   1 1  3m0
 q = C0V0 = C0  e      
0
h
eV0 1  hc hc  hc hc deBroglie wavelength  
mv
44. KE = eV = 2  2      = 2  2
 0 0
3h0
PARAGRAPH -V 
34mc
hc hc 1 2
45.   mVmax PARAGRAPH -VI
 0 2
GMm
47. 
6hc R
Vmax 
m0 derived along y-axis GM hf
 .
R c2
6hc 1 eE0 2
y-disphlacement : y  m t  4 m t GM hf
. 2  hf  hf 1
0 48. 
R c
eE0 2 GMf
x-disphlacement : x  t f1  f 
2m RC 2
As x  y

180 NARAYANAGROUP
 DUAL NATURE
saturation photocurrent changes. Stopping potential
f1 GM
 1 and KEmax will remain the same.
f RC 2
B) From eV0  hf   and K max  hf  
GM f  f1
 If f changes, then V0 and K max change.
RC 2 f
C) From eV0  hf   and K max  hf  
f GM
 If target material changes, then  changes, then
f RC 2
GMKf GMKf V0 and K max change.
49. Hf  2
 Kf 1  2 D) If we change the potential difference between
C (R  H ) C R
emitter and collector, then time taken for electrons
 GMf  1 1  to eject chages.
f 1  2     f 1 53. A) KE of electrons striking the target KE = eV.
 C  R  h R 
So, if V increases, KE increases.
f1 GM  1  12400 o
 1 2 
 1 Cut-off wavelength: min  A
f RC  1  H / R  V
GM  1  So, if V increases, min decreases.
 1 2 
1
RC  1  H / R  B) If work function of target is increased in
photoelectric effect, the KE of photoelectrons
GM  1 
 1 2 
1 emitted decreases from: KE  hf  W0
RC  1  H / R 
hc hc
GM  H  Now, hf0  W0    W0  0  W
 1 2 
1   1 0 0
RC  R 
If work function W0  increases, then cut-off
f1 GMH
 1 2 2 wavelength  0  decreases.
f RC
f gH C) eV0  kE , where V0 is stopping potential. If
 2
f C V0 decreases, then KE decreases. V0 is also
PARAGRAPH -VII decreased by increasing W0 , hence 0 decreases
50. Energy of emitted photons
as explained above.
E1  5eV  5  1.6kt10 19 J
3 2
Power of point source  3.2  103 J / s D) f k  Rc  z  1 . If k increases, then f k
4
Energy emitted per second  E2  3.2  103 J decreases and hence Z decreases.

E2 15 INTEGER TYPE
No.of photons  (n)  E  4  10 photons
1 1 P 1 Pe  P 1 P
e
54. r  2 re  B q  2 B q  2e  2  e  P  Pe
51.  K .E max   5  3 ev  32 1020 J  e

h
de-Broglie’s wavelength      e
MATRIX MATCH p
52. A) If intensity changes, then number of photons/
time incident on the metal surface change and hence 55. Speed of photon  c   3 108 m / sec . Let  be
number of photoelectrons liberated change, so the wavelength of the photon. The de Broglie

181
 DUAL NATURE

h h ne
wavelength of the electron . Given   , Now i2   9  1.6  108
mv mv t
energy of photon h 2hc = 1.44  109 A
  2
1
K .E. of electron mv 2 mv  hc
2 60. E   6.9eV ; K .Emax  4.9eV

8
2c  h c
   &    = 2  3 108  4
v  mv   1.5  10 mv 2 P 2 KEm
Bqv   Bq   Bq 
56. The energy of each photon is r r r
200 J / S hc B2q2r 2
20
 5  1019 J Wavelength =    K .Emax  ; r  0.148m
4  10 / s E 2m


 6.63 10 34
J  s    3  108 m / s  61. Power = nhv n = number of photons persecond
 4.0  107 m Since KE=0, hv = 
 5 10 19
J
200 =n[6.25 X 1.6 X 10-19 Joule]
 h2  2 200
r2   2 n  r  n n
 4 mV0 r0e  1.6 X 1019 X 6.25
As photon isjust above thereshold frequency KEmax
I is zero and they are accelrated by potential
57. dF   ds 
c difference of 500V.
P KE f  qV
F   dF cos   F   ds cos 
4R 2  c P2
 qV  P  2mqV
P P 2m
 2
R 2   n  4
4R  c 4c Since efficiency is 100%,number of elections =
number of photons persecond
As photonis completely absorbed force exerted =
dp [mv cos   ( mv cos  )]dn
58. F   nmv
dt dt
200
 dn   dn  h  dn 
 2mv cos 60    mv       108 N
=
6.25 X 1.6 X 10 19  
 2 9  1031  1.6  1019  500
dt
   dt    dt 
= 24
12.400
59. Threshold wavelength 0  EO

12.400
  5144 A0
2.4
 Photo electrons are ejected dueto light of
wavelength 5000A0 and 4000 A0
n I A I A
  0 1  0 2
t 3hc 3hc
n 103  4 107  2 104 103  5107  2 104
 
t 2 1025 2 1025
n
 9  1011
t

182 NARAYANAGROUP