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Selecting The Right Hammer

The document discusses down-the-hole hammers used for drilling. It provides details on: 1) DTH hammers are percussion hammers that work at the end of a drill string, where an impact piston strikes the drill bit. Compressed air powers the hammer and is used to flush cuttings from the hole. 2) The size of the hammer should match the hole size as closely as possible to efficiently evacuate cuttings. DTH hammers can drill a wide range of rock types and are not significantly affected by hole depth. 3) DTH hammers have applications in mining, quarrying, civil engineering and water well drilling. They provide high drilling

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127 views6 pages

Selecting The Right Hammer

The document discusses down-the-hole hammers used for drilling. It provides details on: 1) DTH hammers are percussion hammers that work at the end of a drill string, where an impact piston strikes the drill bit. Compressed air powers the hammer and is used to flush cuttings from the hole. 2) The size of the hammer should match the hole size as closely as possible to efficiently evacuate cuttings. DTH hammers can drill a wide range of rock types and are not significantly affected by hole depth. 3) DTH hammers have applications in mining, quarrying, civil engineering and water well drilling. They provide high drilling

Uploaded by

sadip
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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DTH HAMMER

Selecting the right hammer


• The optimum range of hole size for DTH drilling is 90 mm (3.5”) to 254 mm (10”).
• Smaller holes are generally drilled using top hammer drill rigs, and larger holes
generally use rotary drill rigs.
Choosing the right hammer is largely determined by type of application, hole size and
type of rock formation. Ideally, the size of the hammer should match the required hole
dimension as closely as possible, leaving just enough space for cuttings to evacuate the
hole efficiently.
DTH HAMMER

Down-The-Hole drilling:
The Down-The-Hole method (DTH) are easy to operate and maintain. The method
offers a reliable way to drill hard to soft, solid to fissured or fracture rock, and features a
hammer piston, which strikes the drill bit with virtually no power loss. The tubes are
smooth and flush along the entire length of the drill string, minimizing the risk for
jamming while ensuring efficient hole cleaning in almost all rock conditions.
DTH HAMMER
DTH HAMMER

DOWN THE HOLE(DTH) HAMMER


The down-the-hole hammer is a percussion hammer drill. As the name implies, the
hammer works down the hole at the end of the drill string, where the impact piston
strikes the drill bit directly. Compressed air is led to the hammer via the rotation spindle
and drill pipes. Exhaust air from the hammer is discharged through holes in the drill bit
and used to flush clean the drill hole. Rotation is provided by a rotation unit on the feed
beam and transmitted to the hammer via the drill pipes. The drill pipes are threaded so
that the drill string can be extended as drilling progresses and the hole
becomes deeper. Feed force is also transmitted to the hammer via the rotation unit and
drill pipes. One of the main advantages of DTH hammers is that the drilling rate is not
affected very much by the length or depth of the drill hole.
DTH hammers are very productive and have many applications in the mining, quarrying,
civil-engineering and water-well drilling industries.

Application (drill rigs)


A= Drill pipe
B= Down-the-hole hammer
C= Drill bit
D= Rotation unit
E= Feed
F= Drill rig
DTH HAMMER

The main demands on the drill rig are as follows:


• It should be equipped with a rotation unit that has a variable rotation speed of 0–
90 r/ min and a rotation torque of 750–3000 Nm (75–300 kpm). Naturally, the
torque demand for a recommended rotation speed will depend on the hammer
size and bit diameter.
• A variable feed force of 3–43kN (300–4300 kp) for shallow holes (less for deeper
holes, bearing in mind the weight of the drill string). Obviously, the feed must be
strong enough to pull the hammer and drill string out of the drill hole. This is an
especially important consideration when drilling deep holes. The weight of the
drill string varies between 9 and 34 kg/m, depending on the pipe- and bit
diameters.

Technical description

The Secoroc COP down-the-hole hammer and drill bit operate at the bottom of the hole
as a unit.COP hammers have a long cylinder D, which houses a check valve B,
compression ring C (COP 44/54) or disc spring unit (COP 64), impact piston F, control
tube E, bit bushing G (COP 64), stop ring H and drill-bit shank J. The back end of the
cylinder is closed by a threaded top sub A. The top sub has a male thread for
connection to the drill pipes, and is provided with wrench flats.
A driver chuck K threads into the front end of the cylinder. The splined union between
the driver chuck K and bit shank J transmits rotation to the drill bit. The front end of the
driver chuck transmits feed force to the drill bit. The split stop ring H limits axial
movement of the drill bit. The check valve B prevents water from entering the hammer
through the driver chuck when the compressed air supply is shut off.
When feed force is applied, the drill bit is pushed into the hammer and pressed against
the front of the driver chuck. The impact piston strikes the shank of the drill bit directly.
The passage of compressed air through the hammer is directed by the piston and
control tube, both of which have regulating ducts.
A built-in damping chamber cushions the piston return stroke and increases the impact
frequency. After the compressed air has imparted most of its pressure energy to the
piston, it is led as exhaust air through the foot valve L into the central gallery in the drill
bit. The exhaust air then emerges as flushing air through holes in the drill bit head. This
gives efficient transportation of cuttings out of the drill hole.
When the hammer is lifted off the bottom of the hole, the piston drops into the air
blowing position. This disengages percussion and gives air blowing only, i.e. a large
volume of air flows straight through the hammer and drill bit. During drilling, air blowing
starts if the drill bit loses contact with the bottom of the hole.
The hammer starts operating again as soon as the bit is pressed back against the driver
chuck. Air blowing is used when powerful flushing of the drill hole is required, and in
certain difficult drilling conditions.
Friction between the drill pipes and the hole wall can sometimes reduce the penetration
rate. This can often be counteracted by increasing the air pressure to give more impact
power and faster penetration.
DTH HAMMER

Fig: Down the Hole (DTH) hammer

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