RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS o Balimbing

o Chico
 José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda o Macopa
 Birthday: June 19, 1861 o Papaya
 Death: December 30, 1896 (35 years old) o Santol
o Tampoy
THE SURNAME RIZAL
 The real surname of the Rizal family was
A GOOD AND MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY
“Mercado” means ‘Market’  Belongs to the Principalia (noble and upper educated
 In 1849, Governor-General Narciso Claveria class during Spanish colonialism)
ordered native families in the Philippines to  One of the distinguished families in Calamba
choose new surnames from a list of Spanish  Wealthy
family names  Well-educated
 Jose’s father Francisco adopted the surname  Participated prominently in social and religious
“Rizal” which was given by a Spanish alcalde affairs in the community
mayor (province governor) of Laguna-- a family  Welcoming to guests irrespective of their color,
friend. rank, social position, and economic status
 Thus, said Dr. Rizal, in his letter to Blumentritt, his
close friend (without date or place): The Rizals are HARDWORKERS

I am the only Rizal because at home my parents, my sisters,  Jose Rizal’s parents rented a land from the
my brother, and my relatives have always preferred our old Dominican Order which they used to harvest rice,
surname Mercado. Our family name was in fact Mercado, but corn, and sugarcane from
there were many Mercados in the Philippines who are not
 They raised pigs, chicken, and turkeys in their
related to us. It is said that an alcalde mayor, who was a friend
of our family added to our name. My family did not pay much
backyard
attention to this, but now I have to use it. In this way, it seems  Doña Teodora managed a general good’s store,
that I am an illegitimate son and operated a small flour-mill and a home-made
ham press
 “Whoever that Spanish alcalde mayor was”,
commented Ambassador Leon Ma. Guerrero, Rizals as ILUSTRADOS
distinguished Rizalist and diplomat, “his choice
 The Ilustrados (Spanish for “erudite”, “learned”, or
was prophetic for Rizal”
“enlightened ones”) constituted the Filipino educated
 Rizal from the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish means
class during the Spanish colonial period in the late
“field where wheat is cut while still green and
19th century
sprouts again”.
 They were the middle class who were educated in
THE RIZAL HOME Spanish and exposed to Spanish liberal and
European nationalist ideals
Calamba, Laguna
Evidence of Affluence

 Rizal’s parents were able to build a large stone

house situated near the town church
 They owned a carriage
 Have a private library-- the largest in Calamba
 All Rizal children were sent to Colleges in Manila

 A two storey building

 Rectangular in shape
 Built of adobe stones and hard woods
 Roofed with red tiles
 Behind the house were the poultry yard of:
o Turkeys
o Chickens
 The backyard was also full of trees
o Atis
 6. MARIA
 Biang
 Napangasawa si Daniel Faustino Cruz ng
Binan
7. JOSE
8. CONCEPCION
 Concha
 Namatay sa edad na tatlong taong gulang
dahil sa malubhang sakit
9. JOSEFA
 Panggoy
 Namatay na matandang dalaga sa edad
HOME LIFE OF THE RIZALS na 80

 Had a simple, contended, and happy life. 10. TRINIDAD

 Don Francisco and Doña Teodora loved their  Trining
children, but are strict parents.  Matandang dalaga tulad ni Josefa
 They trained their children to love God, to behave
well, and to respect people 11. SOLEDAD
 If Rizal and his brothers and sisters got into  Choleng
mischief, they were given a sound spanking  Napangasawa si Pantaleon Quintero na
 They believe in maxim: “Spare the rod and taga Calamba
spoil the child”
 Every day they heard Mass in the town church,
CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA
particularly during Sundays and Christian Calamba
holidays.  Hacienda-town
 They pray together daily at home, the Angelus,  Covered with irrigated rice fields and sugar-lands
and the Rosary before retiring to bed at night.  On a 2015 census, it has a population of 454,486
 They were given ample time and freedom to play people
by their strict parents  5th densest city in the province
ANG MAGKAKAPATID NA RIZAL  Oldest part of Calamba is believed to be
(Pinakamatanda-Pinakabata) Barangay Sucol

Favorite Place in Laguna

1. SATURNINA  Laguna de Bay
 Neneng  Mt. Makiling
 Napangasawa si Manuel Hidalgo
Early Childhood Memories
2. PACIANO
 Nag-iisang lalaking kapatid ni Rizal  Happy days
 Tumayong pangalawang tatay at tagapag-  Frail, sickly, undersized
tanggol ni Rizal  Nipa cottage
 Aya (Nurse maid)
3. NARCISA
 Left alone
 Sisa
 At the age of three, his favorite subject in his
 Napangasawa si Antonio Lopez, isang
painting (birds): Culiauan, Maya, Maria capra,
guro sa Morong
Martin, and Pipit
4. OLIMPIA  Daily Angelus Prayer
 Ypia  Azotea (Terrace)
 Napangasawa si Silvestre Ubaldo, isang  Stories
telegraph operator sa Maynila  Nocturnal walk in town
5. LUCIA “Thus, my heart fed on sombre and melancholic thoughts so
 Napangasawa si Mariano Herbosa na that even while still a child, I already wandered on wings of
taga Calamba fantasy in the high regions of the unknown”
 THE HERO’S FIRST SORROW that had no meaning for me.  Perhaps I lacked self-control. 
Anyway, I paid little attention to the reading.  I was watching
 Jose loved his younger sister Concha the cheerful flame. About it, some little moths were circling in
(Concepcion) the most playful flights. By chance, too, I yawned.  My mother soon
noticed that I was not interested.  She stopped reading.  Then
 Unfortunately, Concha died of sickness in 1865
she said to me: "I am going to read you a very pretty story. 
when she was only three years old. Now pay attention."
 Jose, who was very fond of her, cried bitterly at
losing her On hearing the word 'story' I at once opened my eyes
wide.  The word 'story' promised something new and
DEVOTED SON OF THE CHURCH wonderful. I watched my mother while she turned the leaves of
the book, as if she were looking for something.  Then I settled
 Rizal grew up a good catholic down to listen.  I was full of curiosity and wonder.  I had never
 His mother, Teodora Alonzo, taught him the even dreamed that there were stories in the old book which I
Catholic prayers read without understanding.  My mother began to read me the
fable of the young moth and the old one.  She translated it into
 He was able to read the Spanish family Bible
Tagalog a little at a time.
when he was five years old
 He loved to go to church, to pray, to take part in My attention increased from the first sentence. I
novenas, and to join the religious processions looked toward the light and fixed my gaze on the moths which
were circling around it.  The story could not have been better
Pilgrimage to Antipolo timed.  My mother repeated the warning of the old moth. She
dwelt upon it and directed it to me.  I heard her, but it is a
 On June 6, 1868 (days before his 7th birthday), curious thing that the light seemed to me each time more
Jose and his father left Calamba to go on a beautiful, the flame more attractive.  I really envied the fortune
pilgrimage to Antipolo of the insects.  and been drowned in the oil did not cause me
 Jose and his father rode in a casco (barge) any dread. They frolicked so joyously in its enchanting
splendor that the ones which had fallen
 After praying at the shrine of the Virgin of
Antipolo, Jose and his father went to Manila to My mother kept on reading and I listened
visit Saturnina, who was then a boarding student breathlessly. The fate of the two insects interested me greatly. 
at La Concordia College in Santa Ana The flame rolled its golden tongue to one side and a moth
which this movement had singed fell into the oil, fluttered for a
THE STORY OF THE MOTH time and then became quiet.  That became for me a great
event.  A curious change came over me which I have always
One night, all the family, except my mother and noticed in myself whenever anything has stirred my feelings. 
myself, went to bed early.  Why, I do not know, but we two The flame and the moth seemed to go further away and my
remained sitting alone.  The candles had already been put mother's words sounded strange and uncanny. I did not notice
out.  They had been blown out in their globes by means of a when she ended the fable. All my attention was fixed on the
curved tube of tin. That tube seemed to me the finest and most face of the insect.  I watched it with my whole soul... It had
wonderful plaything in the world.  The room was dimly lighted died a martyr to its illusions.
by a single light of coconut oil. In all Filipino homes such a light
burns through the night. It goes out just at day-break to As she put me to bed, my mother said: "See that you
awaken people by its spluttering. do not behave like the young moth. Don't be disobedient, or
you may get burnt as it did." I do not know whether I answered
My mother was teaching me to read in a Spanish or not... The story revealed to me things until then unknown. 
reader called "The Children's Friend" (El Amigo de los Nios). Moths no longer were, for me, insignificant insects. Moths
This was quite a rare book and an old copy. It had lost its talked; they know how to warn. They advised just like my
cover and my sister had cleverly made a new one. She had mother. The light seemed to me more beautiful. It had grown
fastened a sheet of thick blue paper over the back and then more dazzling and more attractive. I knew why the moths
covered it with a piece of cloth. circled the flame.
This night my mother became impatient with hearing DOÑA TEODORA’S INTENTION IN TELLING
me read so poorly.  I did not understand Spanish and so I
could not read with expression.  She took the book from me.
“THE STORY OF MOTH” TO JOSE
First, she scolded me for drawing funny pictures on its pages. 
 Similarities of Jose and the Moth from the story
Then she told me to listen and she began to read.  When her
sight was good, she read very well. She could recite well, and  "See that you do not behave like the young moth.
she understood verse-making, too. Many times, during Don't be disobedient, or you may get burnt as it
Christmas vacations, my mother corrected my poetical did."
compositions, and she always made valuable criticisms.
JOSE’S ARTISTIC TALENT
I listened to her, full of childish enthusiasm. I
marveled at the nice-sounding phrases which she read from Rizal’s Paintings
those same pages.  The phrases she read so easily stopped
me at every breath.  Perhaps I grew tired of listening to sounds
 Portrait of Morayta
Saturnina Rizal
Material: Crayon
Material: Oil Remarks: Made in
Remarks: Now in Rizal Barcelona, 1855
Shrine in Fort Santiago

Dapitan Church Curtains First Poem by Rizal

Material: Oil  God-given gift for literature

Remarks: Made in Dapitan,  At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first poem
1894 entitled “Sa Aking Mga Kabata” (To My Fellow
Children)
 He proudly proclaimed that people who truly love
their native language will strive for liberty like “the
bird which soars to freer space above”
 Tagalog is the equal of Latin, Spanish, English,
and any other language
A Painting on a Pair of
Mother-of-Pearl

Material: Oil
Remarks: Shells painted in
Dapitan and given as a gift
to Doña Leonor Valenzuela
into the hands of Doña
Margarita Valenzuela

Spanish Coat of Arms

Material: Water color

Remarks: Done during the
feast of San Rafael in
Calamba in 1867

Allegory on a pair of
porcelain bases of the new
year celebration
First Drama by Rizal
Material: Oil
Remarks: Made in Berlin in  At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first dramatic
1886 work which was tagalog-comedy
 It was stage in Calamba festival and was
delightfully applauded by the audience
Christ Crucified
Rizal as Boy Magician
Material: Crayon
Remarks: 1875  Since early manhood Rizal had been interested in
magic
 He learned various tricks such as a coin appear
Immaculate Conception and disappear in his fingers; and making
handkerchief vanish in thin air
Material: Crayon  He also gained skill in manipulating marionettes
Remarks: Made in Manila, (Puppet shows)
1974  In his novel, El Filibusterismo, he revealed his
knowledge of magic

LAKESHORE REVERIES
  During the twilight hours of summertime, Rizal, 3. AID OF THE DIVINE PROVIDENCE
accompanied by his dog, used to meditate at the a. GOD
shore of Laguna de Bay on the sad conditions of - Versatile gifts of being a genius,
his oppressed people having vibrant spirit of nationalism
 Thinking of the Guardia civil, caning and injuring and valiant heart to sacrifice for a
unarmed and peace-loving villagers whose only noble cause
act was not having taken their hats and vowed
while passing in front of the former
 Young that he was, he grieved deeply over the
unhappy situation of his beloved fatherland. The
Spanish misdeeds awakened in his boyish heart a
great determination to fight tyranny

INFLUENCES ON HERO’S BOYHOOD

In the lives of all men there are influencers which cause
some to be great and others not. In the case of Rizal, he
had all favorable influences, which no other child in our
country enjoyed

1. HEREDITARY INFLUENCE
a. MALAYAN ANCESTORS
- Love for freedom, desire to travel,
courage
b. CHINESE ANCESTORS
- Serious nature, frugality, patience,
love for children
c. SPANISH ANCESTORS
- Elegance of bearing, sensitivity to
insult, gallantry to ladies
d. FATHER
- Love for work, self-respect,
independent thinking
e. MOTHER
- Religiousness, self-sacrifice, arts and
literature

2. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE
a. SCENIC BEAUTIES OF CALAMBA AND
THE GARDEN OF RIZAL’S FAMILY
- Artistic and literary talent
b. TIO JOSE ALBERTO
- Develop artistic ability
c. TIO MANUEL
- Develop frail body
d. TIO GREGORIO
- Reading of good books
e. FR. LEONCIO LOPEZ
- Love for scholarship and intellectual
honesty
f. SPANISH OPPRESSION, EXECUTION
- Patriotism and inspiration to redeem
the people
g. FATHER
- Love for his work, self-respect,
independent thinking