i

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Opportunities and Challenges in Media and Information. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two learning outcomes, namely:

LO 1 – Understand opportunities and challenges in media and information.
(MIL11/12OCP-IIIh-24);
LO 2 - Cite an example of an issue showing the power of media and
information to affect change. (MIL11/12OCP-IIIh-25)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a) Determine how media and information affect change in society;

b) Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the internet in a given
context; and
c) Give an issue that shows the power of media and information to
affect change.
Definition of Terms

Challenges

Is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination.

Cybercrime

Criminal activity or a crime that involves the internet, a computer system, or

computer technology.

Illegal Content

Any type of content that could be damaging to young people.

Opportunity

Is a set of situations that makes possible to do something

Power

Media power means the concentration of symbolic power in media institutions,

particularly those of television, radio, and the press.

Source: https://prezi.com/p/5h35qdwoa2iq/opportunities-challenges-and-power-of-media-and-information/

i
 What I Know
Enumerate the opportunities (positive effects) and challenges (threats or negative
effects) brought by media (new and traditional) and information. Write your answer
in your activity notebook.

Opportunities Challenges

Lesson Opportunities and

Challenges in Media and
10 Information
Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of
selfexpression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe.
The connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created a
huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the
abovementioned concepts.

ii
 What’s In
Media provide us with a variety of information however, harmful online effects are
also rampant. Activities such as pornography, defamation, infringement, bullying,
identity theft, profile manipulation, and all others are some of the harmful acts that
can affect a peaceful living.

Positive and negative impacts are both products of media and information.

To learn more about the topic, let’s take a look at the activity.

Notes to the Teacher

Stress the importance of media nowadays but recognize the
dangers that it offers.

What’s New
Activity 1
Analyze the illustration below and answer the questions that follow.

Image Source: https://www.toonpool.com/cartoons/truth%20and%20media_57496

Guide Questions:

iii
1. What is the message in this cartoon?
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is the situation about media depicted in the cartoon true in the Philippines? Why
or why not?
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Does the cartoon show a challenge or an opportunity for media and information?
Why?
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

What is It
POWER OF MEDIA TO AFFECT CHANGE

March 2016, TCC Group published an article by Charles Gaspar, entitled “How
media Affects Social Change” which reports the following:
“Media and more importantly its ability to reach the public and provide commentary
has been present ever since the existence of a town crier. The tradition of oration has
evolved to broadsheet, books, radio, television, and now to the digital age.” In April
2016, the World Economic Forum published an article titled 6 ways social media is
changing the world that discussed six observations and predictions for the way social
media is changing the world from experts from the Global Agenda Council.
1. Across industries, social media is going from a “nice to have” to an essential
component of any business strategy.
2. Social media platforms may be the banks of the future.
3. Social media is shaking up healthcare and public health.
4. Social media is changing how we govern and are governed.
5. Social media is helping us better respond to disaster.

iv
 6. Social media is helping us tackle some of the world’s biggest challenges, from
human rights violations to climate change.
Another article from TECH MAISH.com by Bilal Ahmad updated in March 2016
published an article titled “10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media for
Society” enumerated the following:

Advantages: Disadvantages:

Connectivity Cyberbullying
Educate Hacking
Help Addiction
Information and updates Fraud and Scams
Promotion Security Issues
Noble cause Ruin Reputation
Awareness Cheating and Relationship Issues
Helps Gov’t and agencies fight crime Health Issues
Improves business reputation Social Media causes death
Helps in building communities Glamorizes Drugs and Alcohol

Crimes Incitement Age Inappropriate Content

of harm,

Infringement of human It’s hard to verify the age on the

rights/defamation. Money internet and since anyone can
theft/phishing. access the internet including
Commercial fraud, underage. Thus they are easily
Bullying, Copyright exposed to inappropriate contents
Infringement and identity for underage like sexual implicit
and violent contents.
theft.

v
Study the illustration below on the opportunities and challenges of media in society.

Image source: https://redly.social/forums/topic/86-media-and-information-

opportunitiesandchallenges/

In an article of Prezi.com, titled “Opportunities, Challenges and Power of Media” by

Flores, A. (2018) discussed the following.

vi
“The spread of new freedoms and extent of frontiers of freedom that the public
authorities have often attempted to control; religious, freedoms, gender, ethnicity
and sexual freedoms based on social and cultural identities.

OPPORTUNITY. It is a set of situations that makes it possible to do something.

1. Economy
Economic actors need accurate and timely information to allocate resources
efficiently, investors and other groups increasing value and demand a
governancemonitoring role from the media. A free and independent press can provide
information and monitoring to the economic policy development process leading to
more effective economic policies. It can also reduce political risk and increase good
governance- conditions that are important for robust economic development.

Media improves the efficiency of the economy by providing actors more and better
information with which make decisions and improving stability.

- Media enhances political coordination in the development of sound economic

policy

- Media sector development can reduce political risk, increasing stability for
higherrisk countries.

2. Education
In Sites Using Video
As we know from the recent ubiquity of online digital video, the video has become a
compelling tool for educational representation. students use it in their projects:
teachers and pre-service teachers use it to study pedagogy; and researchers use it
for capturing and examining how learning happens, as they unfold.

3. Social
In today's world, media becomes as essential as our daily needs. Media of today is
playing an outstanding role in creating and shaping of public opinion and
strengthening of society. Media is the sword arm of democracy. Media acts as
watchdog to protect public interest against malpractice and create public awareness.

4. Political
The political landscape has changed quite a bit in the last couple of decades. The
internet has played a large role in this transformation. Social media, in particular, is
now a serious factor in political campaigns and in the way people think about issues.

Candidates and their supporters constantly post their views on Facebook and
Twitter. Each party has its own pages, from which it broadcasts propaganda and
requests for donations. Let’s look at some of the leading ways that social media
influences politics today.

vii
5. News Around the Clock
One of the ways that social media has transformed politics is the sheer speed at
which news, poll results and rumors are shared. Whereas in the pre-internet days,
people had to wait for the next newspaper or TV news show to get the latest
information, online news is a 24/7 phenomenon.

Social media has taken this a step further. While you can access news on many
websites at any hour, most people spend more time on sites such as Facebook and
Twitter than they do on serious news or political websites. This means that you get
all of the latest trending news stories and opinions shared by your friends whenever
you log on.

6. The Impact of Polls

Political polls are an important part of every campaign. They are often confusing,
because you can often find multiple polls with contradictory results posted on the
very same day.

As with other types of political news, the internet has greatly increased the number
of poll result as we see each day. Social media has accelerated this even more. Not
only do social media sites report the results of polls, you can actually participate in
Facebook polls.

Polls results have a big influence on elections. This is true even if they are flawed. A
poll can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. For example, if people think one candidate is
far ahead in the race, they might conclude there’s no point in voting for the underdog.
When people are posting the latest poll results on social media throughout the day,
there’s a great deal of pressure on candidates to pull ahead of their opponents.

7. Direct Interaction With Politicians

One of the positive effects that social media has on politics is the opportunity for
voters to interact more easily with candidates and elected officials. Traditionally, if
you wanted to meet a politician or candidate, you’d have to attend a live event. Not
everyone is able to do this. With modern technology, it’s now possible to attend
virtual events where you can participate in live streaming events and interact with
politicians and candidates.

8. Demographics and Targeting

Targeting is used throughout the advertising industry to make sure that ads and
messages reach the right audience. Politicians do this as well. In the age of social
media, politicians and people running for office are able to target their campaigns.

If a candidate wants to address the concerns of women, college students, retired

people, Latinos or any other group of voters, they can now tailor their messages. Just
as advertisers on Facebook are able to use analytics and targeted advertising, so can
candidates and politicians. Thus, if you notice that political messages seem to be
talking to you personally, this is no accident.

viii
CHALLENGES
It is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination. It
includes Illegal Content, Cybercrime, Copyright, Infringement, Identity Theft.

1. Illegal Content
It’s any type of content that could be damaging to young people, including:real or
simulated violence sexually explicit content illegal images of child sexual abuse
content promoting hate based on race, religion or sexual preference content
instructing or promoting crime or violence content promoting violent extremism
content that advocates unsafe behavior like extreme dieting or drug taking the use
of a computer as an instrument to further illegal ends.

2. Cybercrime
Criminal activity or a crime that involves the Internet, a computer system or a
computer technology.

3. Copyright Infringement
It is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing
certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to
reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative
works.

4. Identity Theft
It is the deliberate use of someone else's identity, usually as a method to gain a
financial advantage or obtain credit and other benefits in the other person's name,
and perhaps to the other person's disadvantage or loss.

POWER
'Media power' means here the concentration of symbolic power in media institutions,
particularly those of television, radio and the press (the common-sense definition of
'the media'), although the long-term impact of new media on media power is
considered.

1. Business Strategy
It’s a trend that is already spreading to businesses beyond the newsroom, whether
it be because of digital marketing or new customer service communication channels.

2. Banks of the Future

Social media is transforming banking relationships in very significant ways, from
improving customer service to allowing users to send money to others via online
platforms. New financial technology companies are using social media to help people
simply open a bank account. Social media can even impact your ability to get a loan.

ix
3. Health Care & Public Health
Social media has been responsible for relevant changes in both personal and
community health, especially by making it easier for large numbers of people to
rapidly share information.

Looking back on the opportunities and power of media presented above, we can
conclude that technology becomes a very powerful in almost all aspect of human
living and society. However, challenges in regards with its use are also lurking in
every corner. With these, responsible use media should always be taken into
consideration.

What’s More
Read and discuss each question below.

Guide Questions:

1. Describe how new technologies led to affect change

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. As a student, what do you consider is the biggest challenge and ,on the other
hand, the best opportunity offered to you by the new media?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. How media affect change in society nowadays?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

x
 What I Have Learned
Activity 1: Let’s summarize our lesson by answering the following questions.

1. Enumerate the advantages and disadvantage offered by social media today.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Media is changing the world through…

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2: Make a concept map on the implication of media in the following
sectors:

xi
 Education

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Implication of
Politics Media in the Politics
society

_______________________ ______________________

_______________________ ______________________

_______________________ _______________________

Economy

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

What I Can Do
Complete the sentences below by providing the advantages and disadvantages of
media and information in the given contexts.

1. The internet as a Tourism support

The internet can empower local tourism through__________________________.

It can help develop_____________________. However, the internet can also pose issues
or problems to local tourism. Some examples of these problems are
________________________. In order to maximize the power of the internet to promote
local tourism, we must ____________________________.

xii
2. Cyber libel

The internet can empower freedom of speech through _____________________. It can

have positive developments in_____________________. However, the internet can also
pose issues or problems to online speech freedom. Some examples of these problems
are________________________. In order to maximize the power of the internet to
improve online speech freedom, we must ____________________________.

3. Human Trafficking

The internet can make communications and job applications__________________. It

can help develop_____________________. However, the internet can also promote
human trafficking by _____________________.In order to fight human trafficking. we
must ____________________________.

Assessment
Instruction. Read each statement below and identify the opportunities, challenges,
and power of media described in each number. Choose your answer from the pool of
words inside the box. Write your answer in your activity notebook.
Economic Media power Social Cyber crime

Business strategy Banks of the future Opportunities

Identity theft Education Health care Illegal content

__________________1. Learners, teachers and researchers make meaning of events

from both individual and multiple points of viewing.

__________________2. Media of today is playing an outstanding role in creating

and shaping of public opinion and strengthening of
society.

__________________3. The deliberate use of someone else's identity, usually as a

method to gain a financial advantage or obtain credit and
other benefits.

__________________4. Transforming banking relationships in very significant ways,

from improving customer service to allowing users to send
money to others via online platforms.

__________________5. Social media has been responsible for relevant changes in both
personal and community health.

__________________6. It’s any type of content that could be damaging to young People.

xiii
__________________7. Providing and monitoring information to the economic policy
development process leading to more effective economic policies.

__________________8. Criminal activity or a crime that involves the Internet, a

computer system or a computer technology

__________________9. It’s a trend that is already spreading to businesses beyond the

newsroom.

__________________10. Means here the concentration of symbolic power in media

institutions, particularly those of television, radio and the press.

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11/12

Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Current and Future Trends in
Media and Information

xv
 This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what
you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in
various ways such as a

story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an

activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This

aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to

solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or

blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill

into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery

in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the

lesson learned. This also tends retention of

learned concepts.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Current and Future Trends in Media and Information. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module focus on the learning outcome, namely:

xvi
 LO 1 – Define and describe what Massive Open Online Course.
(MIL11/12CFT-IIIi-27)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a) Describe the new trend in media and information in education;

b) Determine the value of progressive lifestyle and education; and
c) Predict future innovations based on observation.

Definition of Terms

Blended learning
A style of education in which students learn via electronic and online media as well
as traditional face-to-face teaching.

On line Course

A course conducted over the internet.

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)

Is an online course that offers open access via the Internet for free or at a low cost.

Trend

Something that is currently popular or fashionable.

Ubiquitous Learning

Learning at any time at any place.

xvii
 Lesson
Current and Future Trends
11 in Media and Information
Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of
selfexpression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe.
The connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created a
huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the above-
mentioned concepts.

What’s In

Technology can provide both opportunities and challenges to humanity. The internet
itself can offer modes of empowerment and convenience, but it can also promote
digital divide and fraud.

Media offer a handful of functions to humans, a number of them were evident in the
various sectors such as in politics, business, economy, personal, and social, most
especially in the education sector.

To learn more about the benefits of media in education, let us take a look in the next
activity.

What’s New
Activity 1. Study the technological advances below then answer the
questions that follow. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

xviii
 Image Source: https://www.rentnconnect.com/blog/best-tech-gadgets-2020-the-latest-gadgets-to-buy-now

Guide Questions:

1. Which ones already exist?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which ones do you think might become a reality next year? Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
___

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Do you think these technological advances can make communication in life

better?
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

4. What problems or issues can they solve?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. What possible issues can you foresee with these technologies? Explain your
answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

xix
 What is It

Massive Open Online Course

Media as one of the fastest means in educating people continue to flourish and
innovate. A known example is the Massive Open Online Course, or MOOC. An online
course that offers open access via the Internet for free or at a low cost. With the
continuous growth of media, modernization is anywhere, learning becomes more
accessible. In her work, “What’s A MOOC? History, Principles, and Characteristics”,
Amanda Rollins, 2018 emphasized that the technical pillar of MOOCs is related to
distance learning where ideological principal talks about “Education for All”. The first
MOOCs date back to 2008 with online courses by David Wiley, Utah State University
and Alex Couros, University of Regina.

The term Massive Open Online Course was used for the first time by George Siemens”
Connectivism and Connective knowledge”(CCKO8)course. MOOC respects certain
technical specifications and four characteristics:

1. Using web formats

2. Collaborative learning
3. Assessing knowledge
4. Time limits

In addition, MOOC offers university-level courses without the need to complete an

entire programme of studies, and are becoming increasingly popular. They offer a
large number of students the opportunity to study high-quality courses online with
prestigious universities, often at no cost. They are ideal for independent study and
users can select courses from any institution offering them. MOOCs do not always
lead to formal qualifications. There are no entry requirements.

The following information provided on the next page illustrates how advances in
technology affect people’s lives and interests in the field of education.

xx
Image Source: https://www.dontwasteyourtime.co.uk/elearning/mooc-infographic/
Moreover, an article by E-Learning Guide on Media and Information Literacy, titled
“The Current and Future Trends of Media and Information” discusses the following.

xxi
Massive Open Online Content and its
Implications
Massive Open Online Content (MOOC) is defined by Educause as a model for
delivering learning content online to any person who wants to take a course, with no
limit on attendance. It can be characterized by the following:

a. A revolutionary approach to education that veers away from the physical

to the virtual.

b. A kind of learning that happens online, breaking the norm of traditional

schools or universities for higher education.

c. Utilizes information technologies like analytics to help instructors gauge

their student’s learning.

d. Emphasis on connectedness.

The Implications
1. By taking learning into virtual space, attendance is no longer a determining
factor in one’s education. This makes MOOC learning a popular alternative for those
whose life situations make them unable to attend regular schools.
2. Managing MOOC is relatively cheaper than running educational institutions.
By taking out the experiences of Universities – which are passed down to students
in exorbitant fees- MOOC addresses the high cost of education.
3. Analytic provides information about the learning process of students. Through
the use of data collected through analytic, MOOC provides a means to improve
learning. 4. Since it focuses on connectedness as part of the learning process, MOOC
allows education to take place on a global scale. Connecting learners and instructors
all over the world to one another to maximize education.

Source: https://sites.google.com/view/elearningmil/lessons/the-current-and-future-trends-of-media-
and-information

Wearable technology is seen to be the up and coming technology of the future.

Wearable technologies today are smart watches. These watches are worn as a typical
wristwatch but do more than just tell time. Modern smart watches perform the same
functions as smart phones.

xxii
Smart watches as a wearable are developed for convenience, but its inability to
function as an independent gadget puts it at a distinct disadvantage.

Another example is Fitness tracker. It is derived from smart watches in form and
physical design but serves health applications. Fitness trackers aim to promote
health and wellness among its enthusiasts, unfortunately, issues in their accuracy
have been raised in several reviews.

Virtual Reality (VR) wearable technology is gradually growing in popularity among

enthusiasts. Oculus, a high-end VR headsets intended for entertainment has been
released to the public on March 28, 2016. This wearable technology takes users to
computer generated worlds and let them experience it as if they were actually there.
Oculus have so far received positive reviews among users. However, concerns were
raised about VR technology’s potential to cause a total disconnect from the physical
world.

Source: https://sites.google.com/view/elearningmil/lessons/the-current-and-future-trends-of-media-
and-information

The Concept of 3D Environment

3D or three dimensional in its literal sense refers to anything that has width, height,
and depth. The physical world is an example of a 3D environment. The concept of 3D
environment is explored to mimic the physical world in media.

Films are among the most common media offerings that incorporates 3D. 3D films
make objects in their material appear solid to the audience through the illusion of
perception. Earlier 3D motion pictures require audience to glasses with red and blue
lenses.

Another notable development is 3D printing. This technology brings digital data

and design to the physical world literally. The concept of 3D bio-printing or 2D
printing, using human materials like tissue ad bones to create organs or body parts
that can be theoretically translated to an actual human body aims to solve that.

xxiii
 The Paperless society
The paperless society is a society where communication is done electronically and all
forms of printed communication have become obsolete. It is characterized by the shift
from letters to e-mails, newspapers to news web pages, books to e-books, and so on.

Source: https://sites.google.com/view/elearningmil/lessons/the-current-and-future-trends-of-media-
and-information

Ubiquitous learning

Ubiquitous learning is common in the age of information. Since the information in

the digital age can be accessed by anyone, at any given time and place, ubiquitous
or an ever-present type learning of learning is possible.

Source: https://sites.google.com/view/elearningmil/lessons/the-current-and-future-trends-of-media-
and-information

xxiv
11/12

Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Media and Information Literate
Individual

xxv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here
to help you master the Media and Information Literate Individual.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module aims to attain the learning outcome, namely:

LO 1 – Synthesize the overall implication of media and information to an

individual (personal, professional, educational, and others) and the
society as a whole (economic, social, political, educational, and
others) (MIL11/12MILI-IIIj-29)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a) Determine the impacts that media create to an individual and society;

b) Know the importance of recognizing the implications of being a media
literate individual; and
c) Identify the benefits of social networking in daily lives.

Definition of Terms

Information Literacy

Refers to the abilities to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate,
effectively use, and communicate information in its various formats.

Political participation
Derives from the freedom to speak out, assemble and associate, the ability to take
part in the conduct of public affairs.

The opportunity to register as a candidate, to campaign, to be elected, and to hold

office at all levels of government.

Social Cohesion
The set of characteristics that keep a group able to function as a unit.
Unit cohesion
Stems from a military concept of bond soldiers

i
 Lesson
Media and Information
12 Literate Individual
Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of self-
expression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe. The
connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created a huge
impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the above-
mentioned concepts.

What’s In

With the growing world of media, useful innovations in the field of education greatly
flourish and bridge improved quality education. One of the current trends in
education is the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). This online course offers
education anytime anywhere.

As the growth of learning is at its height, encoding and decoding of information

become a challenge. Being a media literate individual will be a key to become a
responsible media user.

To learn more about the lesson, let us take a look at the next activity.

What’s New

Activity: Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answer in your activity
notebook.

1. How do you foresee the use of technology and the Internet in our daily lives?

ii
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. How did the government help its citizens to become more media and information
literate?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. What makes people, in general, a media and information literate?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

What is It

MEDIA LITERACY AND ITS IMPACT

“Media and Information Literacy recognizes the primary role of media in everyday
lives. It lies at the core of freedom of expression and information- since it empowers
citizens to understand the functions of media and other information providers to
critically evaluate their content, and to make informed decisions as users and
producers of information and media content.” (UNESCO)

With the flooding information that technology offers, weighing the validity, accuracy,
and reliability become a burden to an individual who doesn’t know how to use it.
Who are media literate individuals? From the framework of Aufderheide (1992 as
cited in Koltay, 2011): A media literate person can decode, evaluate, analyze and
produce both print and electronic media. Emphases in media literacy training range
widely, including informed citizenship, aesthetic appreciation and expression, social
advocacy, self-esteem, and consumer competence. In other words, media literate
individual cannot only use media platforms but, able to analyze and evaluate
information that was taken from it.

iii
Being able to evaluate media information leads an individual to explore the use of
technologies in various fields such as businesses, commerce, and communications.
The use of technologies in promoting these economic aspects creates an impact on
media users and most especially to society.

The components of Media and Information Literate to an Individual are the following:
PERSONAL/EDUCATIONAL
 Doing research have become very
convenient
 Communication has been made
easier
a. Improved quality of life  Information has become widely
accessible
GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSYTEM)- space-based satellite
navigation system that provides
location and time information in all
weather condition.

 Media serve the people by

informing public about subject
b. Greater political participation they need or they want
 Informing the public of the
political affairs in the country
Encourage the public to take more
active role in the government

 Influx of media offerings has led

to the creation of more jobs in the
media.
c. Better economic opportunities  New jobs like social media
managers or multimedia
specialists have been created

 Source of information
Made learning a choice
d. Improvement learning environment  Social Learning Environment

 Equips learners with the tools
necessary to collaborate and
participate with teachers and
peers both inside the classroom
and beyond the walls of the
school.
 Social technologies are changing
e. More cohesive social unit the way we collaborate and
communicate with each other.
 Media may play a hand towards
holistic development of the
society.

iv
 What’s More

Activity 1. Using the chart below, list down the impact of media on individual and
society. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

Society

Media

Personal

Source: http://www.writedesignonline.com/organizers/brainstorm.html

v
 11/12
Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Visual Information and Media

vi
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Visual Information and Media . The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two learning outcomes, namely:

LO 1 – Describe the different dimensions of visual information and media.

(MIL-11/12VIM-IVc-7)

LO 2 – Comprehend how visual information and media is/are formally and

informally produced, organized and disseminated

(MIL11/12-VIM-IVc-8)
After going through this module, you are expected to:

a) Identify the different types of visual content;

b) Describe the purposes of visual media and information; and
c) Analyze the design principles and elements used in a given visual media.
Definition of Terms

Analogous
Colours lie next to each other on the colour wheel. They typically combine beautifully
and create appealing schemes for your designs.

Complementary
Complementary colours are those that lie opposite each other on the colour wheel.

.GIF
Graphics Interchange Format

Capable of displaying simple animation

.JPG
Joint Photographic Experts Group. JPEG format is virtually synonymous with digital
photography.
vii
Triad

Triadic colours are those that are evenly spaced out around the colour wheel, as
though you're looking at an equilateral triangle.

.PNG
Pronounced as “ping”. Portable Network Graphics. Its development was basically for
the purpose of transporting images on the Internet at faster rates.

Split-Complementary

A variation of the complementary colour scheme, the split-complementary technique

takes a base colour and then uses the two adjacent colours as its

Still life photography is a genre of photography used for the depiction of

inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects. It is the application
of photography to the still life artistic style.

Visual media and information

Materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers and students use to
formulate new information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation
and production of visual images.

Lesson
Visual Information and
14 Media
Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of
selfexpression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe.
The connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created a
huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the above-
mentioned concepts.

viii
 What’s In

Text in media plays a vital role in sending effective message. There

are different types of typeface which vary according to their uses. Proper use of
font/font type helps create right message.

Furthermore, effective text message can be coupled with the use of images, pictures,
objects and illustrations. Hence, visual media and information will be introduced to
you.

To learn more of the lesson, let us take a look on the next activity.

What’s New

Activity: Study the visual information below. Answer the questions that follow. Write
your answer in your activity notebook.

Source: https://www.123rf.com/photo_47101090_stock-vector-internet-security-infographics-with-
flat-icon-set-like-hacker-virus-spam-and-thief-vector-for-brochu.html

ix
1. What is the purpose of this visual media?
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Who do you think created the visual media and for what purpose?
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. How is this visual media disseminated to people?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

What is It

VISUAL MEDIA
Visual media and information refers to materials, programs, applications and the like
that teachers and students use to formulate new information to aid learning through
the use, analysis, evaluation and production of visual images. There are different
types of visual media – photography, video, screen shots, infographics, data
visualization (charts and graphs), comic strips/cartoons, memes, visual note-taking,
etc. Visual media are either formally or informally produced. Visual media produced
by formal organizations such as schools, government, and established
media/publishing outfits are considered formally produced. Other visual media are
considered informally produced.

Its primary purpose is to gain attention, create meaning, and facilitate retention.
Visual media is consist of visual design elements. Visual design elements refers to
the building blocks or basic units in the construction of a visual image.

The Design Elements are:

describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and

a. Line can be thick or thin. Lines may be actual, implied,
vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines.
usually a geometric area that stands out from the space
b. Shape next to or around it, or because of differences in value,
color, or texture. Shape may also be organic.
the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the
c. Value contrast between black and white and all the tones in
between.

x
 the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. Texture
can be added to attract or repel interest to a visual
d. Texture element. Visual texture is the illusion of the surfaces
peaks and valleys, resulting in a feeling of smoothness
or roughness in objects.

determined by its hue (name of color), intensity (purity

of the hue), and value (lightness or darkness of hue).
e. Color Color and color combination can play a large role in the
design. Color may be used for emphasis, or may elicit
emotions from viewers. Color maybe warm, cool, or
neutral.
Color combination also plays a major role in creating
aesthetic appeal.

Essential Colour Guide for Designers: Understanding

Colour Theory presented the following:

xi
The Colour Wheel
The colour wheel – or colour circle – is a basic but
completely essential tool for combining colours and is
designed in such a way that virtually any colours you
pick from it will look beautiful together.

Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Colours

In traditional colour theory, primary colours are the
three pigment colours – red, yellow and blue – that can
be mixed together to form any combination of other
colours. Which means all other colours are derived from
these three hues. Green, orange and purple make up
the secondary colours – formed by mixing the primary.
While tertiary colours are created by combining primary
and secondary colours, for example yellow-orange,
redorange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green and
yellowgreen. And because you mix primary and
secondary colours, that's why tertiary colours get their
two word names.

Warm colours – red, orange, yellow and variations of

these three colours – are vibrant and full of energy. Cool
colours – green, blue and violet – offer calm and
tranquility, and they're often more subdued than warm
colours.

White, black and grey – on the other hand – are

considered to be neutral.

Tints, Shades and Tones

Simply put – tints, shades and tones are basic colour
concepts where you can either:
make a colour lighter by adding white – the resulting
colour is a tint; make a colour darker by adding black
– the darker version is known as a shade; add grey to
create a completely different tone.
Colour Harmony
1. Complementary
Complementary colours are those that lie opposite each
other on the colour wheel. Red and green are
complementary colours, as are red-purple and
yellowgreen. These high contrast combinations create a
vibrant look and must be handled with care. They're
certainly tricky to use in large doses, but can be very
effective for making certain elements stand out.

xii
 2. Analogous
Analogous colours lie next to each other on the colour
wheel. They typically combine beautifully and create
appealing schemes for your designs. In fact, analogous
are often found in nature and are always harmonious
and pleasing on the eye.
Just make sure you have enough contrast in your
chosen analogous scheme, i.e. use one dominant
colour, the second as a support and the third as an
accent. 3. Triad
Triadic colours are those that are evenly spaced out
around the colour wheel, as though you're looking at
an equilateral triangle. These colour combinations tend
to be quite vibrant, even if you opt for paler versions of
your hues.
Similar to analogous, it's important to achieve harmony
and balance between the three colours that you choose
– so one dominant, while the other two should be
accents.
4. Split-Complementary
A variation of the complementary colour scheme, the
split-complementary technique takes a base colour and
then uses the two adjacent colours as its complement.
Again, this scheme delivers high contrast combinations
but they're not considered to be as harsh.
5. Rectangle
With the rectangle, or tetradic colour scheme – you'll
use four colours arranged into two complementary
pairs, creating rich and beautiful combinations. Just
make sure you let one colour be dominant. And pay
close attention to the balance between warm and cool
colours for your designs.
6. Square
The square colour scheme is similar to the rectangle,
however this time, you've got all four colours evenly
spaced around the colour wheel. Just like the rectangle
scheme, you've got to allow one colour to play the
dominant role. And watch out for the harmony between
warm and cool colours.

a figure having volume and thickness. An illusion of a

f. Form 3-dimensional object can be implied with the use of
light and shading. Form can be viewed from many
angles.
In addition, visual design principles are also of equal importance in portraying an
effective message. The principles include consistency of design, balance, harmony,
contrast, rhythm, perspective and center of interest.

xiii
Visual Design Principles are:

Consistency of margins, typeface, type style, and colors

Consistency is necessary, especially in slide presentations or
documents that are more than one page.
an area that first attracts attention in a composition.
This area is more important when compared to the other
Center of interest objects or elements in a composition. This can be by
contrast of values, more colors, and placement in the
format.
a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color,
etc. Balance can be symmetrical and evenly balanced,
Balance or asymmetrical and unevenly balanced. Objects,
values, colors, textures, shapes, forms, etc. can be used
in creating balance in a composition.
Harmony brings together a composition with similar units.
offers some change in value creating a visual discord in
a composition. Contrast shows the difference between
Contrast shapes and can be used as a background to bring
objects out and forward in a design. It can also be used
to create an area of emphasis
a visual flow through the composition. It can be the
Directional Movement suggestion of motion in a design as you move from
object to object by way of placement and position.
a movement in which some elements recur regularly.
Rhythm Like a dance, it will have a flow of objects that will seem
to be like the beat of music.

created through the arrangement of objects in two

dimensional space to look like they appear in real life.
Perspective Perspective is a learned meaning of the relationship
between different objects seen in space.

xiv
 Common Visual Media File Types

The JPEG format is virtually synonymous with

digital photography. This is owed to the fact that the
standard offers what basically is an unlimited color
palette.
Best for: Photographs and graphics that involve
gradients or other broad color ranges.
Avoid it for: Logos and line drawings.

The oldest of the three, GIF images have been around

since the late 1980s. The compression format is
lossless, which means that you can save the file over
and over and the quality won’t degrade. These are
strong advantages to the standard, as a GIF file takes
up significantly less space than an uncompressed
image while not sacrificing quality.
Best for: Logos, simple graphics, animations and
video clips where image quality isn’t a high priority.
Avoid it for: Saving photos, printed documents or
graphics that need a large color palette.

Youngest of the image formats, the PNG standard is

a bit of a mixed bag. It’s not a format that you’ll use
all the time, but it does have its uses.
Best for: (PNG-8) Situations where you might
otherwise use a GIF but don’t need it to animate, or
when you need better transparency functionality
than a GIF.
Avoid it for: (PNG-8) Anything that needs animation or
where file sizes need to be minimized.
Best for: (PNG-24) High-resolution or high-contrast
images that will ultimately make their way to print,
or similar images for web use that require
transparency.
Avoid it for: (PNG-24) Photos that will be hosted on the
web.

Source: https://makeawebsitehub.com/image-formats-mega-cheat-sheets/

xv
 11/12
Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 7:
Motion Media and Information

xvi
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Motion Media and Information. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two learning outcomes, namely:

LO 1 – Describes the different dimensions of motion information and media.

(MIL-11/12MIM-IVef-15)

LO 2- Evaluate the reliability/effectiveness and validity/appropriateness of

motion media and information. (MIL11/12MIM-IVef17 )

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a) Define motion media and information and key terms;

b) Determine the importance of understanding the basic steps in
motion media and information; and
c) Create a mini storyboard considering the basics of motion media.

Definition of Terms

Flip Book
A small book consisting of a series of images in different positions that create illusion
of movement when thumb is placed so pages flip quickly.

Motion

The action or process of moving or being moved.

Motion Information and Media

Refers to materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers and students
use to formulate new information to aid learning through the use, analysis,
evaluation and production of moving text and images.

Storyboard
Is a graphic representation of how your video will unfold, shot by shot.

Video

A recording of moving visual images made digitally or on videotape.

xvii
 Lesson
Motion Media and
16 Information
Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of
selfexpression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe.
The connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created
a huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the above-
mentioned concepts.

What’s In

Audio media and information is another way in sending information.With the absence
of visuals, sound complement the necessary content to be delivered.

Another concept in a creative information delivery is the use of movement. Motion

Media and Information will help us to fully grasp a message in a more interactive
manner.

What is It

MOTION MEDIA

There is no universally adopted definition of motion media. Motion media in essence

is visual media that gives the appearance of movement. It can be a collection of
graphics, footage, videos. It is combined with audio, text and/or interactive content
to create multimedia.

In motion media, each picture is a frame and that motion is created by rendering or
showing consecutively several frames per second. Twenty-four (24) frames per

xviii
second makes for a smooth animation. The series of graphics or images follow a
sequence to create a story. This sequence is called a storyboard.

Motion media can be produced formally and informally. Informally produced motion
media are created by individuals often for personal use. Formally produced motion
media are created by professionals.

Motion Media

Image Source: https://sites.google.com/site/motioninformationandmedia/

It also includes formats, types and sources.

 Animations- animated gifs(Graphic

Interchange Format), Flash, Shockwave,
According to format Dynamic HTML
 Video formats/Video Codecs - motion
media use large resources. Codecs compresses
and decompresses video files. Examples are
H.26N series, Quicktime, DivX, MPG, MP4
According to purpose  education, entertainment, advertising

According to source  personal, social media, media companies

According to audience  private or public; directed or general

Basic methods on determining the credibility of motion media:

 Validity of information – Is it peer reviewed and verifiable

 Source - Primary or secondary source? Does the video capture the actual event
or does it simply present information learned about an event
 Relationship of the author to the event – Does he have firsthand knowledge
xix
  Technical methods of detecting tampering/fake video:
• Smoothness of video – This is often detected when movements are not
smooth; when action seems to jump from one position to another, as if some action
was missing
• Lighting coverage matches - One way to detect lighting matches is to look at
the shadows; the source of light determines the size and direction of the shadow
• Scale and size consistent- scale refers to how the size of the objects in
reference to one another are near the real thing. If the picture is reduced or
enlarged by a certain percent then all of the objects should be resized by that
percent. Objects that are far away are usually smaller than objects that are nearer.

Advantages of motion media and information:

• It captures motion in a manner that can be viewed repeatedly

• It can show processes in detail and in sequence
• Simulations allow for safe observation
• It can cut across different cultures and groups
• It allows scenes, history, events and phenomenon to be recreated
• It enables learning with emotions

Limitations of motion media and information:

• Compared to other forms of visual media, the viewer cannot always interrupt the
presentation.
• It is often times more costly than other forms of visual media.
• Other data may be presented best using still images. Examples are graphs,
diagrams, maps.
• It is subject to misinterpretation

Design principles of motion media and information revolve around the following
essential elements:

• Speed can be constant or variable. The tone of the movement can be highlighted
by the speed coupled with music. A fast movement gives vigor and vitality,
intensifying emotions. A slow movement connotes lethargy, solemnity or sadness.
• Direction can indicate a movement from one direction to another. It can also
refer to the growing or shrinking of an object. As objects move, the background
must remain in scale with the object.

xx
 • Motion Path refers to the route that the object will take. It shows the change in
direction of a movement. It is important to note the triggers to the change in
direction of an object. These triggers are often key objects or events in a story.
• Timing can be objective or subjective. Objective timing can be measured in
minutes, seconds, days, etc. Subjective timing is psychological or felt. Objective
timing is used to produce subjective timing. Timing can be used to clarify or
intensify the message or the event. Using a pause can help time the events.

These elements when used with other forms of media and information such as
audio, visual and people media create movement that convey different emotions,
impact and results.

Design principles in creating movement.

• Speed, direction and timing should depict natural laws of physics. This
included trajectories, impact on objects and reactions of the environment.
• Timing affects recall. Fast movement sends much information Slow movement
provides emphasis and lasting recall.
• Transitions are used to switch between scenes. Having a clear start and finish in
your motion path or scenes. Using neutral colors at the start or end of a scene is
a good method for creating the right mindset.
• Sound and color adds depth and meaning to movement.
• Cartooning your graphic and text provides dynamic movement. This can be done
by using the following movements: stretching, rotating, squashing
• Blurring can be used in different ways. In animation, blurring can provide the
illusion of fast movement. In videos, it is often used to censor information for
security or decency.
• Always review the purpose of the movement. Movement is not added for the sake
of it.

xxi
 11/12
Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 8:
Manipulative/Interactive Media
and Information

xxii
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Manipulative Media and Information . The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two learning outcomes, namely:

LO 1 – Describes the different dimensions of manipulative/interactive media.

(MIL-11/12MPIM-IVgh-19)
LO 2- Produce and evaluate a creative presentation on manipulatives /
interactive, using design principles and elements.
(MIL11/12-MPIM-IVgh-22)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a) Explain what manipulatives/interactive media are;

b) Compare the different platforms and uses of manipulatives/
interactive media software; and
c) Assess the reliability of manipulative media and information and
its
sources.

Definition of Terms

Interactivity

The communication process that takes place between humans and computer
software.

xxiii
Interactive Media

A method of communication in which the program's outputs depend on the user's

inputs, and the user's inputs in turn affect the program's outputs.

Media Platform

Is a service, site or method that delivers media to an audience.

Social media

Websites or online services where users (actual people) are the creators and
consumers of the content, and where social interactions (commenting, liking,
posting, talking) are the main features of content.

Virtual Reality

Computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional image or environment that

can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person using special
electronic equipment such as a helmet with a screen inside or gloves fitted with
censors.

Lesson
Manipulative Media and
17 Information
Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of
selfexpression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe.
The connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created
a huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the above-
mentioned concepts.

xxiv
 What is It

MANIPULATIVE/INTERACTIVE MEDIA

Interactive Media is a method of communication in which the program's outputs

depend on the user's inputs, and the user's inputs in turn affect the program's
outputs. Interactive media engage the user and interact with him or her in a way
that non-interactive media do not. Websites and video games are two common types
of interactive media. Interactive websites refer to an Internet page that uses different
kinds of software to create a interaction between users and its content.

Interactive Media

Source: http://prime-uk.com/interactive-media/

Interactivity refers to the communication process that takes place between

humans and computer software. The most constant form of interactivity is typically
found in games, which need a continuous form of interactivity with the gamer.
Database applications and other financial, engineering and trading applications are
also typically very interactive.(Definition taken from Investopedia).
One area where interactivity is most useful is in online training. Interactivities in
this area allow learners to interact with the course in terms of action and/or
thinking. Interactive media platform includes the following:

xxv
 a software application developed specifically for use on
Mobile apps small, wireless computing devices such as smart phones
and tablets, rather than desktop or laptop computers.
a television display technology that enables a
3D TV threedimensional effect, so that viewers perceive that an
image has depth as well as height and width, similar to
objects in the real world.
a game played by electronically manipulating images
Video games produced by a computer program on a television screen
(multi-player) or other display screen. Multi player games allow two or
more players to play with one another or play together.
a game in which players assume the roles of characters in
Role-playing games a fictional setting. Players take responsibility for acting
(RPG) out these roles within a narrative, either through literal
acting or through a process of structured decision-making
or character development
Massively any story-driven online video game in which a player,
Multiplayer Online taking on the persona of a character in a virtual or fantasy
Role Playing Game world, interacts with a large number of other players.
(MMORPG)

Interactive websites
(pools, surveys,
exam)
the computer-generated simulation of a three dimensional
Virtual reality and image or environment that can be interacted with in a
immersive seemingly real or physical way by a person using special
environments electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen
inside or gloves fitted with sensors.

websites or online services where users (actual people) are

Social media the creators and consumers of the content, and where
social interactions (commenting, liking, posting, talking)
are the main features of content. Examples are Facebook,
Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Vine, etc.

xxvi
Ways of interacting with the Internet:

compare prices; compare features of similar items; add to

a. Online shopping cart; choose payment type; track delivery; get advice from
experts; search products; check local availability; get
product recommendations.
b. Online gaming choose a game; play with computer; play with others;
choose a level, in-game, customization, etc
c. Online classes interact with content; interact with instructors; interact
with classmates.
d. Chat group chat; search groups; search friends; translate
language.
e. News and exchange information; give reaction; news on demand;
information monitor views.
f. Videos choose your own adventure; get multimedia content;
experience game elements.

Types of interactivity and their purposes:

a. Click on images

b. Hotspot - a special region to act as a trigger to another web page. The hotspot
could be a circle, triangle, rectangle or polygon.

c. Rollover - an image or portion of an image that changes in appearance when the

mouse cursor moves over it.

d. Tabs - clicking on them displays a relevant content with an appropriate graphic.

e. Timeline - a menu slide that branches to different events.

f. Numbers/processes - the number of clicks and the time spent in an interactive

function provide data points.

g. Slideshow - non-linear interactive slideshow where the pathway through the

show is determined by the user's interaction with it.

h. Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

i. Flip cards - a card that when clicked flips to display a description and other
information.

xxvii
Emerging interactive media:

Interactive television also known as ITV or iTV. A form of media convergence,

adding data services to traditional television technology. Throughout its history,
these have included on-demand delivery of content, as well as new uses such as
online shopping, banking, and so forth. ITV enables the viewer to issue commands
and give feedback information through an electronic device called a setup box.
The viewer can select which program or movie to watch, at what time, and can
place orders in response to commercials. New setup boxes also allow access to
email and e-commerce applications via the internet.

Furthermore, another concept related to Interactive media is the Manipulative

Media. In an article of Manipulative Media by Tabura, M., Robles, R., et al. The
following concepts were discussed.

WHAT IS MANIPULATIVE MEDIA?

Source: http://miltrainingdollydhang.weebly.com/manipulative-media-and-information.html

MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
—Manipulatives in the context of education are physical tools of teaching, engaging
students visually and physically with objects such as coins, blocks, puzzles, markers,
etc.

—The use of manipulatives is constructivist because students are actively engaged

in discovery during the learning process. A teacher provides the materials along
with a basic directions, but students should be allowed to explore the materials and
ask questions before and during the lesson”

xxviii
TYPES OF MANIPULATIVE MEDIA

TRADITIONAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA

—Traditional Manipulative Media is actually being used in certain schools, wherein
they use different materials that the students can use to have a hands-on
experience regarding the lesson.

VIRTUAL AND DIGITAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA

—With the dawn of the digital age, education should keep up with the interests of
the 21st century learners. And in order to do so, education have been merged with
technology in such a way that students can learn more with the aid of these devices.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MANIPULATIVE MEDIA

TRADITIONAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA

ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
-Hands on learning -Not available for everyone
-Increase confidence -Dis interest on discussion
& motivation for learning type learning
-Opportunity for collaboration -Expensive
-Multisensory
-Variation in learning

VIRTUAL AND DIGITAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA

ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
-Hands on learning -Not available for everyone
-Increase confidence -Distraction
& motivation for learning -Dependence on them
-Plenty of resources
-Engaging
-Attention grabber
-Flexible and easy access
-No clean up needed

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 11/12
Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 9:
Multimedia Information and
Media

xxx
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Multimedia Information and Media. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module focus on learning outcome, namely:

LO 1 – Describes the different dimensions of multimedia information and

media. (MIL-11/12MM-IVij-23)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a) Define multimedia and its characteristics;

b) Identify the advantages and limitations of multimedia; and
c) Use design process in creating a multimedia product.

Definition of Terms

Animation

A way of making a movie by using a series of drawings, computer graphics, or

photographs of objects that are slightly different from one another and that when
viewed quickly one after another creates the appearance of movement.

Dynamic

Always active or changing.

Integration

The act or process or an instance of integrating.

Limitations

The act of controlling the size or extent of something.

Multimedia Information and Media

Refers to materials, programs, applications, and the like that teachers and students
use to formulate new information to aid learning through the use, analysis,
evaluation, and production of a combination of different types of media.

xxxi
Static

Showing little or no change, action, or progress.

Technology

The use of science in industry, engineering, etc., to invest useful things or to solve
problems.

What is It

MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION AND MEDIA

“Multimedia means that computer information can be represented through audio,

video, and animation in addition to traditional media. If we divide the multimedia
into its component part, we will get multi-meaning more than one, and media -
meaning form of communication. A field concerned with the computer-controlled
integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images (video), animation,
audio, and any other media where every type of information can be represented,
stored, transmitted, and processed digitally”. (Dave Marshall, 2001)

Multimedia and Information is comprised of various elements as follows:

xxxii
 Elements of Multimedia

Image source:https://slideplayer.com/amp/9302681/
The above mentioned elements are classified into Static and Dynamic Media.
Web Development & Technology Resources published an article by Amy Lee,
titled “Dynamic and Static Media: What’s the Difference?” reports the following:

There are two categories of media based on the way in which content is displayed on
a website:

Static media—this refers to content that doesn’t change. For example, an

advertisement in a newspaper or magazine is static, because it remains as printed.
It will be the same every time we view it. Static media can also refer to those parts of
your website that rarely change. It may include landing pages, homepages and white
papers.
Dynamic media—content that is constantly updated and is interactive. It appears
on websites, online forums and social media feed. A website is considered dynamic
when it is frequently updated or changed. Dynamic media can facilitate interaction
between users and a business or product. Social networking websites like Facebook
and Twitter all use dynamic media to gain feedback from their users so they can
improve their experience and make them spend more time on their applications and
websites.
xxxiii
 The advantages and disadvantages of Static media Pros:
Easy to create. Static media is created once and publish to multiple channels. It
does not need any maintenance.
Easy to control. People who view static media can’t change it. All they can do is
share it or comment about it. This is an advantage for websites representing
regulated industries who must review and approve all the content they publish.
Focused message. Static media is good for sending messages to your customers,
or for presenting ads. This includes content that conveys a focused and consistent
message.

Cons:
Boring. Static media may be good enough for your website first-time visitors.
Returning visitors will be bored with seeing the same page again, and your site
quickly.
No interaction. Here is rarely interaction between the user and the website when
media is static.
Not mobile-friendly. Static media like long texts or PDF files are difficult to view on
a mobile screen.

The advantages and disadvantages of Dynamic media Pros:

Personalized experience. This is with dynamic media, personalized content
adjusted to your user’s online behavior will encourage repeat visits and
subscribers.
Website promotion. Search engines, like Google, will promote websites with fresh
and dynamic content.
Flexibility. A dynamic media which customized the website content according to
the user’s device.
Interactive. It is a website using dynamic media which responds to user behavior
by presenting multimedia content, including video and audio, that is relevant to
their interests.

Cons:
Higher costs. Dynamic media has costs related to the need to continuously produce
high-quality media content.
Organizational changes. Switching from static media to dynamic media requires
organizational change.
Requires analysis tools. When dynamic media is used, you will need to monitor your
website activity to optimize it for conversion rates.

Furthermore, Multimedia system has four characteristics:

 Multimedia systems must be computer-controlled

 Multimedia systems are integrated
xxxiv
  The information they handle must be presented digitally
 The interface to the final presentation of media is usually interactive

In evaluating a multimedia product, two major aspects that are of prime importance:
technology and content.

Below are selection criteria that can be used to evaluate multimedia:

Who are the possible users?

What aspects of the users are to be
Target Audience considered? (persons with disability,
language barrier, reading level,
culturally-sensitive, etc.)

CONTENT Who is the author of this multimedia

product?
How credible is the author?
What is the tone (authoritative,
informative, encouraging, enticing, etc.)
of the multimedia product?
Is the information correctly presented?
Purpose Does it meet the objectives of the topic?
What are the elements (text, sound,
images, animation, etc.) used?
Do the elements help in conveying the
message?
Do the elements follow the different
principles of design? Is it pleasing to the
eyes?
Do the sound and video run smoothly
together?
Is the selected format commonly used?
Is it easy to use?
Does it allow the user to cancel or return
to an action?
Are the instructions easy to use?

In addition, Multimedia is used in various way including the advertisement, art,

education, entertainment, engineering, medicine, mathematics, business, and
scientific research.

Study the information provided below as to the uses, advantages, and limitations of
multimedia.

xxxv
 Uses of Multimedia

Fields Uses

Entertainment and Fine Arts movies and animation, interactive

multimedia, others
computer-based training courses,
Education edutainment (blend of education and
entertainment, others
Engineering, Mathematical and modelling, simulation, others
Scientific Research
presentation for shareholders,
Industry superiors and coworkers, employee
training, advertising and marketing,
others
Medicine virtual surgery, simulation, others
stand-alone terminals and kiosks in
Multimedia in Public Places hotels, railway stations, shopping
malls, museums, and grocery stores;
digital bulletin boards; others

Advantages and Limitations of Multimedia

Advantages: It is best known for being multi-sensorial (sight, hearing, etc.), it can
be interactive, caters to a wide audience.

Limitations: It can take up a lot of digital storage, some products may cater to
the larger population but neglect some groups (i.e. persons with a disability,
nonnative language speakers)

xxxvi
 11/12
Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 10:
Dimensions of Media

xxxvii
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Dimensions of Media . The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

The module focus on learning outcome, namely:

LO 1 – Analyze how the different dimensions are formally produced,

organized, and disseminated. (MIL-11/12MM-IVij-24)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a) Recognize how different dimensions are formally and informally

produced, organized and disseminated; and
b) Differentiate media dimensions as to its resources.

Definition of Terms

Audio
The sound that is heard on a recording or broadcast.
Formal information
Information that is socially shared and is objective, driven by facts and actual events.

Information
Comes from instances, events, and basically from all things that happen in the
environment.

xxxviii
Informal information
Information that is unsocial., opinionated and subjective.

Motion media

Visual media that gives the appearance of movement.

Right channels
Used to properly and appropriately send the message.

Text

A simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas whether

hand-written, printed or displayed on-screen.

Visual
Something (as a graphic) that appeals to the sight and is used for effect or illustration.

Lesson

19 Dimensions of Media

Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of
selfexpression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe.
The connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created a
huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the above-
mentioned concepts.

What’s In

Multimedia information and media gives emphasis on the presentation of information

coming from the combination of sources along with traditional media. It presents
information in a creative and interactive manner. However, weighing the validity and
reliability of information relies mainly on the critical thinking skills of media user.
Understanding how information are formally and informally produced, organized and
disseminated will lead to better comprehension of the content from media.
xxxix
 What is It

MEDIA DIMENSIONS
Media as an instrument of information dissemination influenced the trend of every
generation. Information may be presented in various way depending on the platform
it uses. Media dimensions may be in the form of text, visual, audio,motion,
manipulative and multimedia. Information presented through these platforms may
be formally or informally produced and disseminated. Formally produced
information are created by professionals who follow standards in creating, editing,
and producing information. These information are usually produced by formal
organizations such as schools, government and established media/publishing
outlets.
On the other hand, informally produced information are created by individuals often
for personal use. They usually come from personal or views on different issues,
process, etc. Blogs, personal e-mails, SMS, online messengers and social media
platforms are the common examples.

Media Resources Formally produced Informally produced

by/through: by/through:
News articles, published Blogs, personal e-mails,
Text books, newspapers, SMS, online messengers,
magazines, advertisements, social media platforms.
research works, etc.
Produced by formal Other output which are not
Visual/ Audio organizations: schools, produced by formal
government, established organization.
media/publishing outlet
Produced by professionals Created by individuals for
Motion/ who follow industry standards personal use.
Manipulative in creating, editing and
production

The table above shows how media resources are formally and informally produced.
These set of information are commonly presented through the use of right channels
such as books, newspapers, magazines, websites, e-mails, videos, graphics and
among others. Most often they are in the form of paragraphs, list, tables (Text)
pictures, illustrations, images, etc (Visuals), music, sounds (Audio), moving objects
(Motion) or combination of them (Multimedia).

Analyzing how information are formally and informally produced, organized and
disseminated will help you to assess the credibility of an information in regards to
its reliability, validity, timeliness, accuracy and authority of the author.

xl
 11/12
Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 11:
Evaluating Creative Multimedia
Form

xli
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Evaluating Creative Multimedia Form . The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module focus on learning outcome, namely:

LO 1 – Evaluate a creative multimedia form. (MIL-11/12MM-IVij-26)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a) Determine the use of media in creative way; and

b) Assess how meaning is strengthen in creative multimedia
Form.
Definition of Terms
Archives
A place in which public records or historical materials are kept.
Digital Library
A special library with a focused collection of digital objects that can include text,
visual material, audio material, stored as electronic media formats along with means
for organizing, storing and retrieving the files and media contained in the library
collection.

Digital museum
A collection of digitally recorded images, sounds files, text documents, and other
data of historical, scientific, or cultural interest that are accessed through electronic
media.
Electronic Portfolio
A record of things that the owner has done over a period of time in an electronic
format.

Museum
A building in which interesting and valuable things are collected and shown to the
public.

Theatre
A building or outdoor area in which plays and other dramatic performances are given.

1
 Lesson
Evaluating Creative
20 Multimedia Form
Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of
selfexpression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe.
The connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created
a huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the above-
mentioned concepts.

What’s In

Being literate with the use of media is an important skill that needs to be developed
in order to evaluate the reliability, validity, usability and accuracy of an information
retrieved from various media sources. Each media source presents, produces, and
distributes information in either formal or informal way.

In addition, evaluating information coming from a more creative form brings critical
thinking skills into a higher level.

What is It

MULTIMEDIA FORM

As defined, multimedia is a combination of text, graphic, audio, animation and video

that is delivered interactively to the user by electronic or digitally manipulated
means. However, other forms can also be used to present an information such as
museums, theatre and electronic portfolio. The above mentioned forms were first
used in the 20th century as a platform of information delivered in a creative way. As
2
time passed by, bringing technology allows people to experience first-hand
information. Electronic portfolio (E-portfolio) is a record of things that the owner
has done over a period of time. (UNESCO, 2011). CLEMSON University published an
article titled “The What, Why and How of ePortfolios” (2020), which states the
following:
An ePortfolio is a collection of work (evidence) in an electronic format that showcases
learning over time.

An ePortfoloio may contain all or some of the following:

Files of various formats (text, pictures, video, etc.)

Evidence related to courses taken, programs of study, etc.
Writing samples (which might include several drafts to show development and
improvement)
Projects prepared for class or extracurricular activities
Evidence of creativity and performance
Evidence of extracurricular or co-curricular activities, including examples of
leadership
Evaluations, analysis and recommendations

Types of ePortfolios

Showcase/Professional ePortfolios — These ePortfolios are primarily a way to

demonstrate (showcase) the highlights of a student’s academic career.

Learning ePortfolios — These portfolios are typically created by a student as part

of a course as a way to demonstrate learning and the learning process. These
portfolios are often shared with other students to elicit peer feedback. Learning
portfolios support the idea of formative feedback as an essential part of the learning
process.

Another creative media form in today’s time is the Digital museum, a platform that
utilizes computer and information technology on which cultural relics and historical
collections can be preserved and displayed in digital format.
An article titled “Media Technology and Museum Display: A Century of
Accommodation and Conflict” (n.d) by Alison Griffiths included the following
information on digital museums.

Since the mid-1980s, electronic media have assumed an ever greater presence in
museums of science, technology, natural history, and art.[1] For the most part,
museum directors and curators have embraced new interactive technologies for
their promise to democratize knowledge, to offer contextual information on exhibits,
and to boost museum attendance. Corporate sponsors and donors of museum
technology are interested in new media for their own reasons; with their logos
emblazoned on interactives kiosks and published gallery guides, corporations have
been increasingly active in sponsoring shows, specific gallery spaces, or donating
equipment.[2] Museum visitors, especially children and young adults,[3] have
3
frequently responded enthusiastically to interactive exhibits, even coming to expect
them as an integral part of the museum experience.[4] Curators supporting the new
technology argue that interactive CD-ROM stations offers flexibility and new
solutions to the problem of representing complex ideas and processes; as Kathleen
McLean argues: "They can activate an otherwise static exhibition with sound and
moving images; provide a variety of view points; engage visitors in multi-layered
activities; and encourage and support interaction among people in an exhibition."[5]

Digital technologies have found a home in the modern museum in the forms of
interactive touch-screen kiosks, CD-ROMs, computer games, large-screen
installations and videowalls with multiple images, digital orientation centers, "smart
badge" information systems, 3-D animation, virtual reality, and increasingly
sophisticated museum web sites.[6] Such technologies have changed the physical
character of the museum, frequently creating striking juxtapositions between
nineteenth-century monumental architecture and the electronic glow of the
twentyfirst-century computer screen. Via the World Wide Web, the museum now
transcends the fixities of time and place, allowing virtual visitors to wander through
its perpetually deserted galleries and interact with objects in ways previously
unimagined.

Tokyo Museum Animal Museum (Australia)

Source:https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart Source:https://museumsvictoria.com.au/m
-news/interactive-digital-art-museum-opens- elbournemuseum/whats-on/wild/
tokyo-180969439

4
 ePortfolio Motion Theatre

Source:https://www.pinterest.ph/amp/pin Source:https://www.franzandfriends.tw/en
/IMT.html415738609325364208

The images above depict how media integrate into different platform in disseminating
information.

5
 11/12
Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 12:
Producing Creative Media-Based
Presentation

6
 Lesson
Producing Creative Media-
21 Based Presentation
Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of
selfexpression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe.
The connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created a
huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the above-
mentioned concepts.

What’s In

Retrieving information comes in various ways in accordance with one’s preference and
time. Living in a modernized time requires a modern platform of information
dissemination. Technology aims to aid a convenient way of information dissemination.

Putting together the elements and principles of multimedia to create a specific

presentation is something different and requires critical and aesthetic skills.

CREATIVE MEDIA PRESENTATION

MIL stands for media and information literacy and refers to the essential
competencies and skills that allow citizens to engage with media and other
information providers effectively and develop critical thinking and life-long learning
skills to socialize and become active citizens.

Media referred to the sources of information produced and shared across the globe.
Information can be accessed and presented through various media sources such as
text, visual, audio, motion, interactive as well as a combination of new and traditional
media- multimedia.

Media sources may include text, visual, audio, motion, interactive as well a
combination of new and traditional media- multimedia.
__________________________________________________________________________________

7
 What I Have Learned

Create a campaign on how to protect oneself from COVID 19 through

a pop-up book.

Pop- Up book Samples:

Source: https://www.vectorstock.com/ Source: royalty-free-vector/pop-up-book-with-a-

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/28094970822782641 forest-theme-vector-21668024

Criteria Very Good Good Poor Needs

(10) (7) (5) Improvement
(3)
Texts and Texts and 1- 2 texts and 3 or more texts
visuals are very visuals are visuals are and visuals are
clear and clear and vague and not vague and not
CONTENT strongly related related to the related to the related to the
to the topic. topic. topic. topic.

8
 DESIGN Design principles Design Design Design principles
PRINCIPLES and elements are principles and principles and and elements are
AND evident and elements are elements are not evident.
ELEMENTS appropriately evident and evident but
used. used. not used
accordingly.

It is It is attractive More It is unattractive

OVERALL exceptionally in terms of attention to due to poor color
EFFECT attractive in the color scheme, the selection scheme, design
terms of color design of color sounds,
scheme, design, sounds, scheme, transitions and
sounds, transitions design layout.
transitions and and layout. sounds,
layout. transitions
and layout.
What I Can Do

Instruction. Produce a self video campaign on the importance of having a healthy

lifestyle. Apply the elements and design of the different dimensions of media.

Rubric:
Criteria Very Good (10) Good Poor Needs
(7) (5) Improvement
(3)

9
 Texts and Texts and 1- 2 texts and 3 or more texts
visuals are very visuals are visuals are and visuals
CONTENT clear and clear and vague and not are vague and
strongly related related to the related to the not related to
to the topic. topic. topic. the topic.

DESIGN Design Design Design Design

PRINCIPLES principles and principles and principles and principles and
AND elements are elements are elements are elements are
ELEMENTS evident and evident and evident but not not evident.
appropriately used. used
used. accordingly.
It is It is attractive More attention It is
OVERALL exceptionally in terms of to the selection unattractive
EFFECT attractive in color scheme, of color due to poor
the terms of design scheme, design color scheme,
color scheme, sounds, sounds, design sounds,
design, sounds, transitions transitions and transitions
transitions and and layout. layout. and layout.
layout.

10