Name: DE GUZMAN, LESTER S.

Date Performed: 13 JUNE, 2021 RATING:

Year and Section: BSCE-2B Date Submitted: 16 JUNE, 2021

EXPERIMENT NO. 9
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST OF CONCRETE
(ASTM C 39 Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens)

FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST OF CONCRETE

(ASTM C293: Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Center-point Loading)

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE CYLINDER

(ASTM 496: Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens)

OBJECTIVE

To determine the determination of the compressive strength and tensile strength of cylindrical
concrete specimens and flexural strength of concrete beam specimen.

DISCUSSION:

The most common of all test on hardened concrete is the compressive strength test. This is the
most convenient method in evaluating the quality of concrete. In addition, many of the
characteristics of concrete such as durability, permeability, and porosity are qualitatively related
to the compressive strength.

For a given cement and acceptable aggregates (i.e., satisfactory physical properties and
grading), the strength the may be developed is influence by the following:
(a) ratio of water to cement (W/C)
(b) ratio of cement to aggregates
(c) grading, texture, shape, strength, and stiffness of aggregate particles
(d) maximum size of aggregates

The splitting tensile strength of a concrete is one of the basic and important properties
which greatly affect the extent and size of cracking in structures.. Tensile testing is usually
performed to determine the maximum load, which is the tensile strength, that a material can
withstand. Moreover, the concrete is very weak in tension due to its brittle nature. Hence, it is not
expected to resist direct tension.

The flexural strength is also known as the modulus of rupture where the flexural test
evaluates the tensile strength of concrete indirectly. It tests the ability of unreinforced concrete
beam or slab to withstand failure in bending
APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:

Universal Testing Machine Marking Instrument Weighing Scales

TEST PROCEDURES:

Testing Precaution:

1. Test specimens should be prepared in accordance to all applicable standards

2. Age of specimens shall be 1, 4, 9, or 15 weeks, or as specified in accordance with the
objectives of the testing
3. Specimen shall be tested immediately after the curing period. All test specimen shall be
tested within the permissible tolerance listed below:
Test Age Tolerance
(hr)
7 days ±3.0
28 days ±12.0

4. Since the strength of concrete varies considerably in its state of dryness and temperature,
the test specimen should be tested under the condition of immediately after the curing
period.
5. The surfaces in contact with the loading accessories shall be smooth and free from scars,
hole, or inscribed identifications.
6. The ends of the specimen shall be capped in accordance with the instructions for capping
(ASTM C 617-83). Diameters shall be taken to the nearest 0.25mm by averaging two
diameters measured perpendicular to each other at about midsection, which shall be used
for calculating the cross-sectional area.
 7. Test the specimens immediately after their removal from the moist closet in the case of 24-
h specimens and test the prisms early enough so that the beams are also broken within the
above tolerances.
8. Wipe each prism to a surface-dry condition, and remove any loose sand grains or
incrustations from the faces that will be in contact with the bearing surfaces of the points
of support and load application. Check these faces by applying a straightedge. If there is
appreciable curvature, grind the face or faces to plane surfaces or discard the specimen.
Cloths used for wiping 24-h specimens shall be not more than faintly damp.

Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens:

1. Draw diametral lines on each end of the specimen using a suitable device that will ensure
that they are in the same axial plane.

2. Center one of the plywood strips along the center of the lower bearing block. Place the
specimen on the plywood strip and align so that the lines marked on the ends of the
specimen are vertical and centered over the plywood strip. Place a second plywood strip
lengthwise on the cylinder, centered on the lines marked on the ends of the cylinder.
3. Apply the load continuously and without shock, at a constant rate within the range 100 to
200 psi/min [0.7 to 1.4 MPa/min] splitting tensile stress until failure of the specimen.
Flexural Strength of Beam Concrete Specimens:

1. Center the pedestal on the base plate of the machine directly below the center of the upper
spherical head, and place the bearing plate and support edge assembly on the pedestal.
Attach the center-loading device to the spherical head. Turn the specimen on its side with
respect to its position as molded and place it on the supports of the testing device. The
longitudinal center line of the specimen shall be set directly above the midpoint of both
supports. Adjust the center-point loading device so that its bearing edge is at exactly right
angles to the length of the prism and parallel to its top face as placed, with the center of the
bearing edge directly above the center line of the prism and at the center of the span length.
Take care to ensure that contact between the specimen and loading edge is continuous when
the load is applied.

Compressive Strength of Concrete Specimens:

1. Place the plain (lower) bearing block, with its hardened face up, on the table or platen of
the testing machine directly under the spherically seated (upper) bearing block. Wipe clean
the bearing faces of the upper and lower bearing blocks and of the test specimen and place
the test specimen on the lower bearing block. Carefully align the axis of the specimen with
the center of thrust of the spherically seated block.
2. Load the specimen continuously and without shock. For testing machines of the screw
type, the loading rate on the specimen are within the range of 20 to 50 psi/s [0.15 to 0.35
MPa/s]. Apply the load until the specimen fails, and record the maximum load carried by
the specimen during the test. Note the type of failure and the appearance of the concrete.
3. Calculate the compressive strength of each specimen

Types of Fractures:
DATA AND C O M P U T A T I O N:

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑃
σ=
𝜋𝑑 2 /4
where:
σ = compressive strength (kg/cm2)
P = maximum load indicated in the machine (kg)
d = average diameter of the specimen (cm)

𝑆𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

2𝑃
T=
𝜋𝑙4
where:
T = splitting tensile strength, (psi/Mpa)
P = maximum applied load indicated by the testing machine (lb/N)
l = length (in/mm)

𝐹𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
3𝑃𝐿
R=
2𝑏𝑑 2
where:
R = modulus of rupture (psi/Mpa)
P = maximum applied load indicated by the testing machine (lb/N)
L = span length (in/mm)
b = average width of specimen, at the fracture (in/mm)
d = average depth of specimen, at the fracture (in/mm)
 DIAMETERS (mm) COMPRES
SAMPLE HEIGHT MASS SIVE AVERAGE
LOAD (N)
NO. NO. 1 NO. 2 NO. 3 (mm) (kg) STRENGT COMPRESIVE
H (Mpa) STRENGTH
1 100 100 101 206 3.599 82866.19 10.481
2 101 100 100 200 3.473 82866.19 10.481 10.564
3 101 100 100 203 3.530 84827.52 10.729

Sample 1
Solution: P = 82 866.19 N
100+100+101
d= = 100.333𝑚𝑚
3
𝑃 82 866.19
σ= = = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝜋𝑑 2 /4 𝜋(100.333)2 /4

Sample 2
Solution: P = 82 866.19 N
100+100+101
d= = 100.333𝑚𝑚
3
𝑃 82 866.19
σ= = = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝜋𝑑 2 /4 𝜋(100.333)2 /4

Sample 3
Solution: P = 82 866.19 N
100+100+101
d= = 100.333𝑚𝑚
3
𝑃 84 827.52
σ= = = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟐𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝜋𝑑 2 /4 𝜋(100.333)2 /4

Average Compressive Strength

10.481 + 10.481 + 10.729
𝜎𝑎𝑣𝑒 =
3
𝝈𝒂𝒗𝒆 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟔𝟒 𝑴𝒑𝒂
 SPECIMEN AGE OF WIDTH DEPTH SPAN MAXIMUM FLEXURAL AVERAGE
NO. SPECIMEN LENGTH LOAD STRENGTH FLEXURAL
STRENGTH
1 7 DAYS 88.4 86 397 340 0.310
2 7DAYS 91.03 90.4 399 430 0.346 0.317
3 7DAYS 90.2 88.6 398 350 0.295

Specimen 1
3(340)(397)
R=
2(88.4)(86)2
𝑹 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟎 𝑴𝒑𝒂
Specimen 2
3(430)(399)
R=
2(91.03)(90.4)2
𝑹 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟔 𝑴𝒑𝒂
Specimen 3
3(350)(398)
𝑅=
2(90.2)(88.6)2
𝑹 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
Average Flexural Strength
0.310 + 0.346 + 0.295
𝑅𝑎𝑣𝑒 =
3
𝑹𝒂𝒗𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟕 𝑴𝑷𝒂

SPECIMEN AGE OF DIAMETER DEPTH MAXIMUM TENSILE AVERAGE

NO. SPECIMEN OF LOAD STRENGTH TENSILE
SPECIMEN STRENGTH
1 7 DAYS 100.32 196 2800 0.091
2 7 DAYS 101.9 197 1450 0.046 0.065
3 7 DAYS 99.32 197 1800 0.059

Specimen 1
2(2800)
𝑇=
𝜋(196)(100.32)
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂
Specimen 2
2(1450)
𝑇=
𝜋(197)(101.9)
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂
Specimen 3
2(1800)
𝑇=
𝜋(197)(99.32)
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂
Average Tensile Strength
0.091 + 0.046 + 0.059
𝑇𝒂𝒗𝒆 =
3
𝑻𝒂𝒗𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

OBSERVATION / ANALYSIS:

It is very clear that the specimen that was used in the splitting tensile strength test of
cylindrical concrete was manufactured and cured correctly. It can be observed that the aggregates
was also splitted after the test. On the other hand, the specimen that was used for the compressive
strength test has voids on the bottom part which affected its strength during the test. For the
specimen for flexural strength test of beam concrete, the specimen is well made and the point
loadings was correct.

ILLUSTRATION:

I 1

cliff Ftii i
CONCLUSION:

From the result of the compressive strength test, it can fall to the catergory of M15 grade
of concrete since it achieves the 10MPa mark. For the split tensile strength, it is found that it is
closer to the true tensile strength of concrete it gives about 5 to 12% higher value than the direct
tensile strength. For flexural strength test, it is done right since the fracture occurs in the tension
surface was on the inside of the middle third of the span length.