Reading and

Writing Skills
Quarter 3 – Module 3

Determining Types of Claims

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Learning Competencies:

 Claim of Fact (EN11/12RWS-IIIij-6.1)

 Claim of Policy (EN11/12RWS-IIIij-6.2)
 Claim of Value (EN11/12RWS-IIIij-6.3)

LESSON 3

TYPES OF CLAIMS
OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

• identify claims in a text:

• determine the different types of claims: and
• create or formulate claims from each type.

Pre-Assessment

I. IDENTIFICATION

Instructions: Read the statements given. Write P if each shows a claim of policy, F if
claim of fact and V if claim of value.
_____1. Teachers are facing numerous problems today.
_____2. Perseverance is a must in order to achieve one's dreams or goals in life.
_____3. According to studies one problem a student face in online class is motivation.
_____4. In a survey conducted by macrotrends Philippines increased its suicidal rate
from the year 2015 to 2016.
_____5. One of the many characteristics of a Filipino is resilience.
_____6. The government is not superior to the people it is governing.
_____7. Schools must promote a learner-centered approach in every classroom.
_____8. It is known that in unity, we can do more.
_____9. There is a reminder for teachers to always be considerate to students.
_____10. No one is above the law.
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ACTIVITY: K-W-L

Recall your previous lesson on “Claims” as a topic in you English for Academic
and Professional Purposes Class. Fill in the KWL chart below with what you know about
claims what do you want to know more about it end what you've learned during your
lesson about it in EAPP. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

TOPIC: ________________________

WHAT I KNOW WHAT I WANT TO KNOW WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

If we are to recall the term “Claim” during one of our discussions in EAPP about
Position Paper, you know that a claim is one of the most important parts in a text. A
claim is what a writer or an author use to prove his or her point to the readers. This is
also the base of what the writer tries to prove in the text. It carries the main idea of the
passage so it can also be called as a thesis statement or the topic sentence. A claim
is always backed up by details, explanations and any types of evidence. Here are four
characteristics of a good claim.

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 This means that your claim is the result of
OGICAL reasonable and carefully weighed proof as
a support.

A claim is interesting if it engages its reader.

it should catch the reader's attention who
NTERESTING may or may not agree but will be
encouraged to learn something new

Over generalization should be avoided in

any written text. So, in formulating a claim,
PECIFIC it should be focused. This will help you
know which scope of an issue you are to
discuss.

In formulating a claim, you should be able

RGUMENTATIVE to challenge a person's ability to reason
and raise objections to it. Remember that
you are making a case for your own
perspective to the issue.

Furthermore, in order to create a more effective claim, other than considering

their characteristics, one should also know what type of claim one should choose. As
we proceed in the discussion, we will be tackling and determining the types of claims
there is in any written text.

TYPES OF CLAIMS
Besides the notable characteristics you should consider, a claim in a written text
differ in types, functions and, characteristic: Claim of Fact, Claim of Value, Claim of
Policy.

1. CLAIM OF FACT
A claim of fact states something that can be quantified or measured which
has existed, does currently exist, and may exist in the near future. This type of
claim poses an argument of whether it may be valid or invalid depending on the
evidence presented. The following claims below focuses on areas such as
History, Current Issue or Predictions that may be correct or incorrect. Check
them out.

Example:
a. The campaign against racism has long been fought and it is
through Martin Luther King Jr’s initiative.
(This claim is historical but may be valid or not because there are battles
against racism long before MLKJ was born. How the author defends his
or her claim will make the difference of whether what he or she claimed
is valid or not.)

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 b. Video Games promote violence among teens.
(This claim deals with present or current issues which once again may
be valid or not depending on the evidence presented.)

c. Suicide rates in the Philippines may increase in the future.

(This claim presents a prediction that may be true or not, depending
on how the author will present numbers or statistics that should predict
what he or she claims to happen.)

2. CLAIM OF VALUE
A claim of value argues whether something is good or bad. Its foundation
is morality- of whether the subject is better than another. It may be as surfaced
as asking which restaurant is better or as deep as the issue about what energy
source gives us a less harmful effect on the environment.

Example:
a. DepEd Philippines is doing their best to adapt to the New Norm.
(We may see this as claim of fact, but it is not. While it is accepted to
assert this as right or wrong, claim of value encourages the readers to be
open to a position they might not entirely accept but is rather true in the
author’s position.)

3. CLAIM OF POLICY
A claim of policy states something should or should not be done. It
suggests an action that must, but not necessarily taken into existence. You will
know that it is a claim of policy because it usually has the words “should” and
“must” in it.

Example:
a. All schools should address learners’ mental health issues.
(This claim of policy suggests an action that should take place in all
schools. However, since not all schools have the capacity to take part in
the action due to lack of resources, this may not necessarily take place
in every single school.)

We are done discussing everything about claims—its characteristics and types.

Remember LISA for the characteristics and for the types: Claim of Fact, Value and
Policy. It is now time to apply what we have learned to activities ahead.

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 Activity 1. TYPES OF CLAIM
Connect the given claims on its correct type. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Cats make the best pet.

CLAIM OF FACT
2. Low-income families should receive
medical insurance from the
government.

CLAIM OF VALUE 3. There is a God.

4. Men are as effective as women in

doing household chores.
CLAIM OF POLICY
5. Environmental issues are the effect
of over population.

Activity 2. DETERMINING TYPES OF CLAIM

Read the short passages below. In each passage, identify and describe the
claim using LISA as the standard characteristics and determine its type.

People often like dogs more than cats. I am not one of those people.
Cats make the best pets. They smell good even though we will not shower
them for weeks unlike dogs that stink. Cats literally does not care whether
you go out or not. On the other hand, dogs are clingy. Lastly cats help control
with rat-pestilence while dogs? They often play with them.

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 Claim and Description:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Type of Claim: _____________________________________________________

A country’s administration should focus its health funds to the poor.

Low-income families should receive medical insurance from the
government. This is not a question of whether the country has enough fund
or not. It is a matter of prioritization. Most of those who are hospitalized
whose mortality rate is high belong to the poorest community simply
because they are financially challenged. These people need for the
government to move when it comes to these kinds of concerns.

Claim and Description:

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Type of Claim: _____________________________________________________

WHAT I CAN DO

ACTIVITY 3. IDENTIFYING CLAIMS IN A WRITTEN TEXT

Read The excerpt of Manuel L. Quezon’s Speech and identify claims and its
type by underlining and labelling it as Claim of Fact, Value and Policy.

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 The Policies and Achievements of the Government
and Regeneration of the Filipino
Manuel L. Quezon
(Excerpt)

National strength can only be built on character. A nation is nothing

more or less than its citizenry. It is the people that make up the nation and,
therefore, it cannot be stronger than its component parts. Their weakness
is its failings, their strength is its power. Show me a people composed of
vigorous, sturdy individuals, of men and women healthy in mind and body;
courteous, brave, industrious, self-reliance; purposeful in thought as well
as an action; imbued with sound with sound patriotism and a profound
sense of righteousness; with high social ideals and a strong moral fiber;
and I will show you, a nation that will not be submerged, a nation that will
emerge victorious from the trials and bitter stripes of a distracted world, a
nation that will live forever, sharing the common task of advancing the
welfare and promoting the happiness of mankind.
We are engaged in the epic task of building our nation, to live and flourish,
not for a day but for all time. We must find the flaws, if there be any, in our
concept of individual and community life, as well as in our character, and
proceed at once to remedy them.
I have an abiding faith in our people. I know that they have all the
faculties needed to become a powerful and enlightened nation. The Filipino
is not inferior to any man of any race. His physical, intellectual, and moral
qualities are as excellent as those of the proudest stock of mankind. But
some of these qualities, I am constrained to admit, have become dormant
in recent years. If we compare our individual and civic traits with those that
adorned our forefathers, we will find, I fear, that we, the Filipinos of today,
have lost much of adventurous people. They had traditions potent and
influence in their lives, individually and collectively. They had the courage
to be pioneers, to brave the seas, clear the forest an erect towns and cities
upon the wilderness. They led a life of toil and communal service. Each
one considered himself an active part of the body politic. But those
traditions are either lost or forgotten. They exist only as a hazy mist in our
distant past. We must revive them, for we need the Anchorage of these
traditions to guide and sustain us in the proper discharge of our political
and social obligations.

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 ACTIVITY 4. CREATING CLAIMS
Create a claim for each type discussed base on the words presented. Make sure that
your claim is LISA, logical, interesting, specific and argumentative. Also, check if
your claims is at its right type
Example:
WORD: Senior High School

Claim of Fact: Senior High School students are more

mentally prepared to take up college than those from the old
curriculum.

1. WORD: Social Media

Claim of Fact: ___________________________________

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

2. WORD: Abortion

Claim of Value: __________________________________

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

3. WORD: Philippine Government

Claim of Policy: __________________________________

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

POST ASSESSMENT

Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in a separate sheet of paper.

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____1. Schools must always review its curriculum to attract incoming students.
A. Claim of Fact B. Claim of Value
C. Claim of Policy

____2. In order to be at peace, one must be ready for war.

A. Claim of Fact B. Claim of Value
C. Claim of Policy

____3. Veganism is unnatural.

A. Claim of Value B. Claim of Fact
C. Claim of Policy

____4. An improved waste management system can affect a city’s flooding problems
A. Claim of Value B. Claim of Fact
C. Claim of Policy

____5. Hazing is worse than any kind of initiation female and male organization
established.
A. Claim of Value B. Claim of Fact
C. Claim of Policy

____6. Hunting animals promotes violence and barbaric behaviors.

A. Claim of Policy B. Claim of Fact
C. Claim of Value

____7. Poverty is not an excuse to steal.

A. Claim of Policy B. Claim of Fact
C. Claim of Value

____8. All are true about this statement, “The Philippine government is great” except...
A. The claim given is too generalized.
B. The claim stated came from a thoroughly weighed reasoning.
C. The claim shows how much the author wants to defend the Philippines.

____9. All are true about this statement, “We must not always be resilient” except...
A. The statement is specific.
B. The statement conveys a value that Filipinos have.
C. The statement is not debatable.

____10. All are true except…

A. Claims are like thesis statements.
B. Claims carry the main idea of the text.
C. None of the above

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SELF CHECK!
Great job! You have completed Lesson 3 successfully! Before going to the next
lesson, check the icon that best shows your learning experience.

-end-
Prepared by: Checked:

ALEXIS SOL M. GANADEN RODERICK A. TADEO, PHD

TSHS, SHTIII Principal IV

Reviewed:

LORETA FIGUEROA
Education Program Supervisor

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