Statics 213
MODULE 3.3
➢ Resultant of Concurrent Forces in Space
Rx = ΣFx ; Ry = ΣFy ; Rz = ΣFz
R2 = Rx2 + Ry2 + Rz2
Where:
R = resultant of the force system
Rx = algebraic sum of all forces along x - axis
Ry = algebraic sum of all forces along y - axis
Rz = algebraic sum of all forces along z - axis
• Determine the magnitude of the resultant and the angles θx,
θy and θz which defines the direction of the resultant.
F1 = 20N (4, 5, -3)
F2 = 40N (-6, 4, -5)
F3 = 30N (4, -2, -3)
• Note: the distances (dx, dy and dz) of each force are already
given.
• Solution
• Step 1: Solve for the diagonal “d” of each force.
𝒅𝟐 = 𝒅𝒙𝟐 + 𝒅𝒚𝟐 + 𝒅𝒛𝟐
For F1
𝑑1 2 = 𝑑𝑥1 2 + 𝑑𝑦1 2 + 𝑑𝑧1 2
𝑑1 2 = 42 + 52 + (−3)2
𝒅𝟏 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟕𝟏𝒎
For F2
𝑑2 2 = 𝑑𝑥2 2 + 𝑑𝑦2 2 + 𝑑𝑧2 2
𝑑2 2 = (−6)2 +42 + (−5)2
𝒅𝟐 = 𝟖. 𝟕𝟕𝟓𝒎
For F3
𝑑3 2 = 𝑑𝑥3 2 + 𝑑𝑦3 2 + 𝑑𝑧3 2
𝑑3 2 = 42 + (−2)2 +(−3)2
𝒅𝟑 = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟖𝟓𝒎
• Solution
Step 2: Solve for the components of each forces
Fx Fy Fz F
= = =
dx dy d𝒛 d
For F1
𝑭𝟏 𝐹𝑥1 𝐹𝑦1 𝐹𝑧1
= = =
𝒅𝟏 𝑑𝑥1 𝑑𝑦1 𝑑𝑧1
𝟐𝟎 𝐹𝑥1 𝐹𝑦1 𝐹𝑧1
= = =
𝟕. 𝟎𝟕𝟏 4 5 −3
𝐹𝑥1 = 11.314𝑁
𝐹𝑦1 = 14.142𝑁
𝐹𝑧1 = −8.485𝑁
• Solution
Step 2: Solve for the components of each forces
Fx Fy Fz F
= = =
dx dy d𝒛 d
For F2
𝑭𝟐 𝐹𝑥2 𝐹𝑦2 𝐹𝑧2
= = =
𝒅𝟐 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑧2
𝟒𝟎 𝐹𝑥2 𝐹𝑦2 𝐹𝑧2
= = =
𝟖. 𝟕𝟕𝟓 −6 4 −5
𝐹𝑥2 = −27.350𝑁
𝐹𝑦2 = 18.234𝑁
𝐹𝑧2 = −22.792𝑁
• Solution
Step 2: Solve for the components of each forces
Fx Fy Fz F
= = =
dx dy d𝒛 d
For F3
𝑭𝟑 𝐹𝑥3 𝐹𝑦3 𝐹𝑧3
= = =
𝒅𝟑 𝑑𝑥3 𝑑𝑦3 𝑑𝑧3
𝟑𝟎 𝐹𝑥3 𝐹𝑦3 𝐹𝑧3
= = =
𝟓. 𝟑𝟖𝟓 4 −2 −3
𝐹𝑥3 = 22.284𝑁
𝐹𝑦3 = −11.142𝑁
𝐹𝑧3 = −16.713𝑁
X-Components Y-Components Z-Components
𝐹𝑥1 = 11.314𝑁 𝐹𝑦1 = 14.142𝑁 𝐹𝑧1 = −8.485𝑁
𝐹𝑥2 = −27.350𝑁 𝐹𝑦2 = 18.234𝑁 𝐹𝑧2 = −22.792𝑁
𝐹𝑥3 = 22.284𝑁 𝐹𝑦3 = −11.142𝑁 𝐹𝑧3 = −16.713𝑁
ΣFx=6.248N ΣFy=21.234N ΣFz=-47.99N
Step 3: Solve for the Resultant
Rx = ΣFx Ry = ΣFy Rz = ΣFz
Rx = 6.248N Ry = 21.234N Rz =-47.99N
R2 = Rx2 + Ry2 + Rz2
R2 = 6.2482 + 21.2342 + (-47.99)2
R =52.848N
• Solve for the angles.
For θx
𝑅𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑥 =
𝑅
6.248
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑥 =
52.848
𝜽𝒙 = 𝟖𝟑. 𝟐𝟏𝟎°
For θy
𝑅𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑦 =
𝑅
21.234
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑦 =
52.848
𝜽𝒚 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝟏°
For θz
𝑅𝑧
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑧 =
𝑅
−47.99
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑧 =
52.848
𝜽𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓𝟓. 𝟐𝟒𝟏°
To check:
Cos 2 θx + Cos 2 θy +Cos 2 θz= 1
Cos 2 (83.210) + Cos 2 (66.31) +Cos 2 (155.241)= 1
1=1
• Knowing that the tension in cable AB = 39 kN, determine the
required values of the tension in cable AC and AD so that the
resultant of the three forces is vertical.
A
48m
C
30m
D 14m
B
• Knowing that the tension in cable AB = 39 kN, determine the
required values of the tension in cable AC and AD so that the
resultant of the three forces is vertical.
• Given:
FAB = 39kN
Resultant is Vertical (R=Ry)
• Required:
FAD and FAC
Y
A (0, 48, 0)
48m
C (30, 0, -24)
(-14, 0, 0) 30m
D X
14m
B
(30, 0, 12)
Z
• Solution:
Step 1: Solve for the distances
• For FAB
dx = 30 – 0 = 30m
dy = 0 – 48 =-48m
dz = 12 - 0 = 12m
For d;
𝑑𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝑑𝑥𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝑑𝑦𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝑑𝑧𝐴𝐵 2
𝑑𝐴𝐵 2 = 302 + (−48)2 +122
𝑑𝐴𝐵 = 57.862𝑚
• Solution:
Step 1: Solve for the distances
• For FAC
dx = 30 – 0 = 30m
dy = 0 – 48 =-48m
dz = -24 - 0 = -24m
For d;
𝑑𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝑑𝑥𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝑑𝑦𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝑑𝑧𝐴𝐶 2
𝑑𝐴𝐶 2 = 302 + (−48)2 +(−24)2
𝑑𝐴𝐶 = 61.482𝑚
• Solution:
Step 1: Solve for the distances
• For FAD
dx = -14 – 0 = -14m
dy = 0 – 48 =-48m
dz = 0- 0 = 0
For d;
𝑑𝐴𝐷 2 = 𝑑𝑥𝐴𝐷 2 + 𝑑𝑦𝐴𝐷 2 + 𝑑𝑧𝐴𝐷 2
𝑑𝐴𝐷 2 = (−14)2 +(−48)2 +(0)2
𝑑𝐴𝐷 = 50𝑚
• Solution:
Step 2: Solve for the Components
• For FAB
𝑭𝑨𝑩 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑋 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑍
= = =
𝒅𝑨𝑩 𝑑𝐴𝐵𝑋 𝑑𝐴𝐵𝑦 𝑑𝐴𝐵𝑍
𝟑𝟗𝒌𝑵 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑋 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑍
= = =
𝟓𝟕. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝒎 30 −48 12
𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑋 = 20.22𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 = −32.35kN
𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑍 =8.09kN
• Solution:
Step 2: Solve for the Components
• For FAC
𝑭𝑨𝑪 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑋 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑦 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑍
= = =
𝒅𝑨𝑪 𝑑𝐴𝐶𝑋 𝑑𝐴𝐶𝑦 𝑑𝐴𝐶𝑍
𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑋 = 0.488𝑭𝑨𝑪
𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑦 = − 0.781𝑭𝑨𝑪
𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑍 = − 0.390𝑭𝑨𝑪
• Solution:
Step 2: Solve for the Components
• For FAC
𝑭𝑨𝑫 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑋 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑦 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑍
= = =
𝒅𝑨𝑫 𝑑𝐴𝐷𝑋 𝑑𝐴𝐷𝑦 𝑑𝐴𝐷𝑍
𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑋 = −0.28𝑭𝑨𝑫
𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑦 = − 0.96𝑭𝑨𝑫
𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑍 =0
X-Components Y-Components Z-Components
𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑋 = 20.22𝑘𝑁 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 = −32.35kN 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑍 =8.09kN
𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑋 = 0.488𝑭𝑨𝑪 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑦 = − 0.781𝑭𝑨𝑪 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑍 = − 0.390𝑭𝑨𝑪
𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑋 = −0.28𝑭𝑨𝑫 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑦 = − 0.96𝑭𝑨𝑫 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑍 =0
Rx = ΣFx Ry = ΣFy Rz = ΣFz
Rx = 0 Ry = R Rz =0
Rx = ΣFx
0 = 20.22 + 0.488FAC – 0.28FAD eq. 1
X-Components Y-Components Z-Components
𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑋 = 20.22𝑘𝑁 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 = −32.35kN 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑍 =8.09kN
𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑋 = 0.488𝑭𝑨𝑪 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑦 = − 0.781𝑭𝑨𝑪 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑍 = − 0.390𝑭𝑨𝑪
𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑋 = −0.28𝑭𝑨𝑫 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑦 = − 0.96𝑭𝑨𝑫 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑍 =0
Rx = ΣFx Ry = ΣFy Rz = ΣFz
Rx = 0 Ry = R Rz =0
R=Ry = ΣFy
R = -32.35 - 0.781FAC – 0.96FAD eq. 2
X-Components Y-Components Z-Components
𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑋 = 20.22𝑘𝑁 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑦 = −32.35kN 𝐹𝐴𝐵𝑍 =8.09kN
𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑋 = 0.488𝑭𝑨𝑪 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑦 = − 0.781𝑭𝑨𝑪 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑍 = − 0.390𝑭𝑨𝑪
𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑋 = −0.28𝑭𝑨𝑫 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑦 = − 0.96𝑭𝑨𝑫 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑍 =0
Rx = ΣFx Ry = ΣFy Rz = ΣFz
Rx = 0 Ry = R Rz =0
Rz = ΣFz
0 = 8.09 - 0.390FAC eq. 3
• We have 2 unknowns, therefore we need 2 equations.
• Consider eq. 2
0 = 8.09 - 0.390FAC
FAC = 20.744kN
• Substitute FAC to eq. 1
0 = 20.22 + 0.488FAC – 0.28FAD
0 = 20.22 + 0.488(20.744) – 0.28FAD
FAD = 108.368kN
