HEADQUARTER
S
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
502 (CAMARINES SUR) CDC, 5RCDG, ARESCOM
nd
Brgy San Miguel, Iriga City
USANTROTCU
BASIC MILITARY INTELLIGENCE MODULE
Definition of Terms:
∙ INFORMATION - consists of facts, statistics, observations, reports, trends,
opinions, rumors, documents, photographs, diagrams, maps and other data
used in the production of intelligence.
∙ INTELLIGENCE - is the product of resulting from the collection, evaluation,
analysis, integration and the interpretation of all available information.
∙ COUNTER INTELLIGENCE - is concerned with the “countering”, or destroying
effectiveness of a hostile intelligence effort.
∙ COMBAT INTELLIGENCE - is the knowledge of the enemy, weather and other
geographical features required by a commander in the planning and conduct
of tactical operations.
∙ STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE - is intelligence which is required for the
formulation of the policy and military plans at national and international
levels.
PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENCE
Seven (7) principles of intelligence which are as follows:
● Intelligence is continuous.
● Intelligence Operations and Tactical operations are interdependent.
● Intelligence must be useful.
● Intelligence must be timely.
● Intelligence must be flexible.
● Intelligence operation requires imagination and foresight.
● Intelligence requires constant security measures.
HEADQUARTER
S
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
502 (CAMARINES SUR) CDC, 5RCDG, ARESCOM
nd
Brgy San Miguel, Iriga City
USANTROTCU
Intelligence is continuous.
All intelligence activities follow a four (4) cycle - planning,
collection, evaluation and dissemination – those that are oriented on the
commander’s mission. The cycle is continuous and all steps are carried
out at the same time.
Intelligence Operations and Tactical operations are interdependent.
Intelligence operations are internal part of the operations of all
units. The overall operations of any armed force in combat is measured
and greatly affected by the intelligence which it develops and uses.
Strategy and tactics are at the same time the cause and effect of
intelligence operations
Intelligence must be useful.
Intelligence must not only increase knowledge. Useful intelligence
enhances understanding of the problems to be solved results in
assisting the commander’s problem is essential to determine what
intelligence is useful to.
Intelligence must be timely.
The best intelligence is worthless if it does not reach the user in
time for appropriate consideration or action. Some sacrifice of
completeness and accuracy may have to be accepted because the
situation requires decisions before complete intelligence can produce. If
this occurs, the user must be advised of the loss of completeness and
accuracy.
Intelligence must be flexible.
HEADQUARTER
S
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
502 (CAMARINES SUR) CDC, 5RCDG, ARESCOM
nd
Brgy San Miguel, Iriga City
USANTROTCU
Standard procedures must make intelligence operations more
effective; however, procedures must be responsible to changes to meet
existing requirements under any situation. Intelligence operations are
based on reason and sound judgment. Procedures which do not readily
adapt to a given situation are generally discarded.
Intelligence operation requires imagination and foresight.
Policies or procedures which limit imagination or initiative are
avoided. All intelligence personnel and agencies are exploited to ensure
that all available information is processed to produce intelligence for the
user. Acceptance and satisfaction which continuance of current situation
can lead to disaster.
Intelligence requires constant security measures.
Security measures are necessary to ensure that unauthorized
personnel are denied of information and produced intelligence.
However, it is imperative that a distinction be made between security
and secrecy. Secrecy connoted to hide from or conceal information or
intelligence. The free and complete exchange of information by
intelligence processing agencies is vital to permit production of the best
and most timely product. Security measures must not deter
dissemination of information or intelligence to those who have “NEED
TO KNOW’.
INTELLIGENCE AXIOMS
Intelligence axioms are facts that require no proof because the
truth of these statements is obvious.
HEADQUARTER
S
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
502 (CAMARINES SUR) CDC, 5RCDG, ARESCOM
nd
Brgy San Miguel, Iriga City
USANTROTCU
THE FOUR (4) AXIOMS OF INTELLIEGENCE:
● AXIOM No. 1 - Intelligence is crucial to internal security.
● AXIOM No. 2 – Intelligence is essential to all types of operation.
● AXIOM No. 3 - Intelligence is a responsibility of all governmental
agencies. ● AXIOM No. 4 – Intelligence of the government must be
superior to that of the insurgent.
AXIOM No. 1 - Intelligence is crucial to internal security.
It can provide us with advanced warning of insurgent activities.
Intelligence can also provide detailed knowledge of insurgent organizations,
personnel, plans and tactics. In short, intelligence provides the information
which the government and the Armed Forces as a whole need to act upon.
AXIOM No. 2 – Intelligence is essential to all types of operation.
This axiom means that the government of the nation should initiate a
carefully planned, fully coordinated and intensely executed program to
maintain or restore internal security.
This overall program contains three (3) basic types of
operations namely: Internal Defense Operations
It is directed against insurgents, secessionist movements, as well as
the ultra rightist, their organizations, methods, motives, their support system
to include their human and material resources.
Internal Development Operations
This is undertaken to improve the political, economic and social
aspects and environments within a nation thereby alleviating causes of
dissatisfaction by the people towards the government. One of the best
examples of this kind of operation is the Civil Military Operations and
Special Operations Team concept adopted by the Armed Forces in its
latest drive against insurgency.
HEADQUARTER
S
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
502 (CAMARINES SUR) CDC, 5RCDG, ARESCOM
nd
Brgy San Miguel, Iriga City
USANTROTCU
Psychological Operations
This is conducted to influence the attitude and behavior of all groups
within the populace thereby obtaining the maximum support for the
government.
Intelligence provides all the information where all these operations
must be planned, implemented and evaluated if the government is to be
successful.
AXIOM No 3 - Intelligence is a responsibility of all governmental agencies.
The covert and clandestine nature of subversive insurgency requires
a thoroughly controlled and coordinated intelligence effort on the part of the
government. All governmental agencies should contribute to the
intelligence effort to collect the detailed information and produce the
comprehensive intelligence that is required for internal defense, internal
development and psychological operations.
AXIOM No 4 – Intelligence of the government must be superior to that of the
insurgent.
The struggle between a subversive insurgent organization and the
constituted government of a nation has sometimes been called an
“intelligence war”. Throughout the entire process of insurgency, the
insurgent relies heavily upon intelligence to plan and execute measures
designed to disrupt, paralyze, and overthrow the constituted government.
THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE
The Intelligence Cycle
The Intelligence Cycle is the process by which information is
converted into intelligence. It has four phases: Directing, collecting,
processing, and disseminating.
HEADQUARTER
S
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
502 (CAMARINES SUR) CDC, 5RCDG, ARESCOM
nd
Brgy San Miguel, Iriga City
USANTROTCU
● Directing determines what intelligence is required and who should collect
it. ● Collecting obtains combat information, intelligence, and targets by
tasked organizations. ● Processing converts combat information into
intelligence and targets through analysis, and determines how it fits into the
situation.
● Disseminating passes the intelligence and targets to users when they need them.
All four of these phases may take place concurrently. They are the
lowest common denominator in the production of combat intelligence and
each is indispensable; if one fails, the entire intelligence effort will fall.
We can compare the intelligence process to a cycle; hence the
descriptive title ---- “The Intelligence Cycle”.
The cycle picture here is merely a teaching vehicle designed to
provide a composite picture of the functions performed by the intelligence
officer in the production of combat intelligence.
HEADQUARTER
S
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
502 (CAMARINES SUR) CDC, 5RCDG, ARESCOM
nd
Brgy San Miguel, Iriga City
USANTROTCU
In the study of intelligence cycle, it is unimportant which phase is considered
first - - “information” or “intelligence” can be inserted in any phase as
appropriate. The
intelligence cycle has no beginning and no end. Any sequence
which logically organizes thought processes is workable.
For the purposes of logical presentation, we will begin our study of the
cycle with the planning phase. The entire intelligence effort is devoted to
HEADQUARTER
S
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
502 (CAMARINES SUR) CDC, 5RCDG, ARESCOM
nd
Brgy San Miguel, Iriga City
USANTROTCU
furthering the accomplishment of the mission; therefore, the mission is the
focal point of the entire production effort.
PLANNING OF THE COLLECTION EFFORT
The Commander must make certain that he has What he needs, When
he need it. He is continually wondering what the enemy is doing, thinking, and
planning for the future operations, and about the nature of the terrain not under
his control. These questions are all part of the “fog of war”, and this “fog” does
not lift automatically.
PLANNING OF THE COLLECTION EFFORT CONSIST OF 5 STEPS:
● Determination of intelligence requirements.
● Determination of intelligence priorities.
● Determination of those enemy activities or characteristics of the
area of operations which would indicate the answers to the
intelligence requirement and to determine specific items of
information.
● Selection of collection agencies to be employed and the
issuance of necessary orders and requests for information.
● Supervising the execution of orders and request.
Depending on the mission, The Commander and his staff
require information and intelligence:
● To arrive at sound and timely decisions in preparing plans and
estimate for future operations and in conducting operations.
● To protect the command by avoiding surprise and denying the
enemy information concerning his own forces.
● To assist in the processing of other information.
HEADQUARTER
S
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
502 (CAMARINES SUR) CDC, 5RCDG, ARESCOM
nd
Brgy San Miguel, Iriga City
USANTROTCU
Essential Elements of Information (EEI)-
Specific information of an actual or potential enemy and of the
terrain, hydrographic and metrological conditions a commander needs
in a particular situation in order to accomplish his mission. The essential
elements may also include information required by higher, lower,
adjacent, support or attached units.
Other Intelligence Requirements (OIR)-
Requirements derived from command requirements which do not
qualify as EEI and from staff requirements regarding information on
other enemy capabilities, vulnerabilities and characteristics of the area
which also could materially affect the successful accomplishment of the
mission.
Note:
Review all the subjects for there will be a comprehensive exam (Finals)
next Saturday (January 16, 2021).
Good luck!
