ctions + 76? 7
Example §. Arrange the fractions 6 ge iH .
16, 182 2"39*8 fractions 21 6 16 y
Solution. LCM of 6 Soa valent ‘wat 3x8 _ 104 ae
Write the given factions 8 v9 signs 1M Mow
5 5x24 120 nu, lee i g ir zt >
67 enw “1H 5. amas
: we i 6 smaller 19 pot
As 99 <104<120 => 344 Tee .
i ing order are 77+ 15° 6°
Hence, the given fractions in ascending © 16° 1 ‘
Exercise 2.1 ~~~ : di
i ¢ is shaded part?
1. What fraction of each of the following figure is sl P
4
\W oA
uy io (iv)
2. What fraction of an hour is 35 minutes?
3. Convert the following fractions into improper fractions:
@ 2 (i) 54
4. Convert the following fractions into mixed fractions:
3 4
OF (i) G-
5. Fill in the missi i i i
il ; " a ee in the following equivalent fractions:
OF =% (i) == 3 Gi) 5 =
6. Reduce the following fractions to their
simy ee
08 ty to =
7 115 (i)
7. Convert the following fracti
ao 8 ae equivalent like fractions:
p22 oz 2,8
. 23" 10’ 4
Arrange the given fracti i
: ; ions in descending order:
0552 @i32
93°F DT
Scanned with CamScanner Seemann 5 aie
Fractions and Decimals
9. Arrange the given fractions in ascending order:
5 3 9 2 ij) 13 8 17 7
@2,2,=,2 =, >, o.
7" 8' 14’ 21 @ 187 15’ 24’ 12
Addition/subtraction of fractions
To add/subtract two (or more) fractions, proceed as under:
(i) Convert the mixed fractions (if any) to improper fractions.
(ii) Convert all the fractions into equivalent like fractions.
(iii) Combine the numerators of all these like fractions with their proper signs ‘+ 0
~ and place it over the common denominator to obtain a single like fraction.
(iv) Reduce the fraction obtained in step (iii) to simplest form and then convert i
into mixed fraction (if need be).
Example 1. Simplify the following:
153.65 38 42,8 74
2g +645 Es) relia 15
j2e45242-0, 8,3 [Lew ofa, 66-4
Solution. () 27 +5¢ +3 = G+ 6 +5 [_LOM of 4, 6, 8 = 24
1x6 | 35x4 3x3 _ 66 . 140
ee oe
AT) at Cx dyes 03) wut od on
66414049 215 _ 923
a 24 ~ 24 24
Shortcut method
3,5 3_ 11,353 LCM of 4, 6, 8 = 24
2gt5e te ate ts a
11x6+35x44+3x3
24
66414049 _ 215 _
= a 2 ~ 2
a2, 3 2 yg
13 +3-7t75 313, 8 1215
s “2/1 8 4 5
5x40 +5x15-7x10+94x8 “2/1, 4 2% 5
“ee —
= 120 Tap 3 5
20075-70422 TF yng x 2x2x2x5=12
= 120
159 _ 439
a
Scanned with CamScanner Write the given mac" * 4g _ 27
7 Dee 3 and [= 4x9" 38
9
7753
B>27, 55> 367 9 4
As
Therefore, Mirdula worked longer
32 7 Bd,
Further, 5 “% '
94°36 36 1 pours
i i .d longer = 7
, Fraction of time by which Mirdula worke re 36
Exercise 2.2:
1, Evaluate the following: 2
47 «gl 39
Ox*s (i) 85-35 (it) 3 2 G “9°
2. Simplify the following:
3_ 45,7 Peep 1 Zz
( 75-3245 (i) 65-255 - 559 +335
3. Jaishree studies for 52 hours daily. She devotes 28 hours of her time for science
and mathematics. How much time does she devote for other subjects?
4. Ramesh solved 2 part of an exercise while Reshma solved 2 of it. Who solved
lesser part? By how much?
; 3 1
5. Sonali had & 355. She got = 16 from her mother and spent = 282 on food. How
much money is left with her?
IIR ee
Multiplication of fractions
Recall that multiplication is a repeated addition,
So4x7= 7+7+7+7 ie. 7 added four times.
Ina similar way, we can say that :
2,22
2 2
Ae tel
PrP tate tS ie, 2 addea four times,
Scanned with CamScanner Exercise 2.3
4. Evaluate the following: ; mee 3
7x2 () 1% %
2, Find: 3
1
iy 1 of 42
@ 3 of 18 i) 5 45
3, Evaluate the following: t tb) shard
( 5x= (i) 5*55 ae
79
4, Find the value of: : ;
iy 3 2 iii) 45 th f5> metres.
(p 5 of 82 (iy 2 of 4% kg i) 4g times of 53
5. Which is greater:
a 1 6 2 3
(2 of 3 or 3 of § (io } of § or 3 of 3.
7
6. If 1 metre cloth costs £315, find the cost of 55 metres cloth.
3
7. If the speed of a car is 1052 km/h, find the distance covered by it in 3 5 hours.
8. A car runs 16 km using 1 litre of petrol. How much distance will it cover in
23 litres of petrol?
1
9. Sushant reads = part ofa book in 1 hour. How much part of the book will he read in
22 hours?
10. An ornament is made of gold and copper and weighs 52 2 of its part
is copper, find the weight of pure gold in it, Bie. eran Tag: oF Hs Dae
11. Ina ck :
: lass of 40 students, 3 of the total number of students like to study English
and = of the total number of students like to stud)
Mathemati ini
neDeuijen 'Y Mathematics and the remaining
() How many students like to study English?
(ii) How many students like to study Mathematics?
(iif) What fraction of the total number of fedora t
€ to study Sci 2
12. A rectangular sheet of is 124 fa
gu Paper is 12 cm long and 1
2
( perimeter (i area. 0 cm wide. Find its
Scanned with CamScanner : Fractions and Decimals 3
5
13. In a school, = of the students are girls and the rest are boys. If the number of
boys is 2030, find the number of girls.
1 3
14. In an orchard, = are orange trees, 73 are mango trees and the rest are banana
trees. If the banana trees are 148 in number, find the total number of trees in the
orchard.
Reciprocal of a number
. 4.5 7.3 1
Notice that 5 x 4 =1, 3x > =land ¢ x6=1.
We find that in each case the product is 1.
Two (non-zero) numbers are called reciprocal of one another if their product is 1.
4 5 4
Thus, § is the reciprocal of F,and } is the reciprocal of 5;
7 3 3 7
3 is the reciprocal of 5, and 5 is the reciprocal of 3 ;
1 1
¢ is the reciprocal of 6, and 6 is the reciprocal of
Division of fractions T)la Ta
1 og} 2 | 2
What do you mean by 3 +2? 3|3 13
ile
It is one-third divided by 2. In other words, divide 5 into 2 equal parts and take one
Part. 2fa)ajafafa
_ 1 alg
Sois2=c. 6lélélelele
3 6 i 4
Notice that it is the same as 3 x 5-
Sot 1 ill
gels g*ate
Thus, fo divide one fraction by another fraction, proceed as under:
() Convert the mixed fraction (if any) to improper fraction.
(i) Multiply the dividend by the reciprocal of the divisor.
(iii) Reduce the fraction obtained in step (ii) to simplest form. Still better is to cancel the
common factors (if any) before getting the final fraction in step (ti).
(io) Convert the fraction obtained in step (ii) to mixed fraction (if need be).
Examole 1. Evaluate the followine:
Scanned with CamScanner Length or caer pes B my
7 d= 2 1
:. The number of — forme ath of the sa
ght 33 m cloth for €84 and Sushma bought 43 a m cloth of me type,
Example 3. Preeti bought 3y
How much did Susie pay for the cot?
Solution. Cost of 33 m cloth is 784, at ro x} agi 112
= gad =f sie = 5
<. the cost of 1 m cloth =% i
5°
(texay 1) « (2 st x3} = x St = 1005
:. The cost of 44 m cloth =%
Exercise 2.4
1 a the reciprocal of each of me following:
@ 2 a? = (iii) 8.
2. Evaluate the following:
ue iy +38 Gi) 33 + B (iv) 28 eit
3. How many pieces each 52 metres long can be cut from a cloth 73 metres
long?
. By what number should ae be va to get 8732
>
wn
. In a hostel’s mess, each ae gets 3 = litre of milk every day. If the total
consumption of the milk is 573 litres
i day, how mam
the hostel? y students are there in
>
ithe cost of 7 . ;
e cost of 5 kg apples is 336. What is the rate of apples per kg?
=
The length of a rectangular
plot of area 683 Ss
q- m is 123 m, find its width.
Scanned with CamScanner Fractions and Decimals
1
8. If the cost of 55 - of sugar is 22064, then find the cost of 8x kg of sugar.
9. Renu completed * 3. Part of her mien in 2 hours. How much part of her
homework had she completed in 5 hours?
RRR ORR
OOD
Scanned with CamScanner 04
Exercise 2.5. pacers : d
1. Write the following numbers in the expanded form:
(i) 20.03 (i) 200.03 (iii) 2.034
2. Write the place value of digit 2 in the following decimal numbers:
(i) 2.56 (ii) 21.37 (iii) 10.25 (iv) 63.352
3. Convert the following decimal numbers to fractions (in simplest form):
() 0.8 (ii) 0.225 (iii) 0.0092 (iv) 3.025
4. Convert the following decimals to mixed fractions:
(i) 5.05 (ii) 63.125 (iii) 17.075 (iv) 317.0006
5. Convert the following fractions into decimal numbers:
7 5 13
@ - (i = (ii) 3% (iv) 137
6. Which is greater?
(i) 0.5 or 0.05 (ii) 7 or 0.7 (iii) 2.03 or 2.30 (iv) 0.8 or 0.88
7. Arrange the following decimal numbers in ascending order:
(i) 38.02, 38.021, 3.802, 83.02, 38.002
(ii) 46.542, 46.452, 46.254, 46.05, 64.542, 46.0542
8, Arrange the following decimal numbers in descending order:
(i) 5.6, 0.93, 1.87, 1.9, 1.78, 0.39
(i) 71.201, 20.1, 2.01, 3.1, 2.14, 0.652
9. Express as rupees using decimals: a /
(i) 7 paise (ii) 77 rupees 77 paise (iii) 235 paise
10. Express 5 cm in metre and kilometre.
U1, Express in kg using decimals:
(@ 200 g (ii) 3470 g (if) 4kg 8 g.
12. Add:
(i) 5.765, 9.2, 3.08 (ii) 15.49, 8.3572, 0.903, 7.8
Scanned with CamScanner 6 Learning Mathematics — VIL
13. Workout the following:
() 72.53 — 46.782 (ii) 18.376 - 5.43 - 8.8976
(#2) 285 - 9.708 - 6.234
(iv) 8.2 - 4.56 - 0.7912 + 2.67
14% () What number added to 3.56 gives 13.016?
i?) What number should be subtracted from 30 to get 23.709?
(2) What is the excess of 20.4 over 9.7403?
BOSSE
Multiplication of decimal numbers
Let us find 17 x 0.13
wt
7X 3=— x — = — =9022
17 x 013 = 35 XT = Gq OI
In the above example, we converted the decimal numbers i
splied the fracti : to fr
smultipled the fractions and finally converted the answer back tp eee and |
there is a quicker method to multiply decimal numbers umvers.
To multiply decimal numbers, proceed as under
@ Ignore the decimal points and multiply the rtumbers
(Count the number of decimal places in each number
(ii) Start at the right of the product and count ud add these,
Off pl
got in step (i) and place the decimal poing? PS Al to the total number of pl
ACTIVITY 3=<====
Multiplication of decimal numbers
Let us find 0.2 x 0.3
fside 1 unit. Divide itinto
L square ABCD of ao a .
ig AO eqhol parts by drawing vertical ines. Take 3. Reaseass®
Scanned with CamScanner Short cut method to multiply/divide by 10, 100, 1000....
(i) To multiply a decimal number by 10, shift the decimal point to the right by one
place; to divide a decimal number by 10, shift the decimal point to the left by one
place.
(ii) To multiply a decimal number by 100, shift the decimal point to the right by 2
places; to divide by 100, shift the decimal point to the left by 2 places and so on.
Exercise 2.6-~~~~~
1. Find the following:
(@)27x4 (ii) 2.71 x5 (iii) 2.5 x 0.3 (iv) 2.3 x 4.35
(v) 238.06 x 7.5 (vi) 0.79 x 32.4 (vii) 1.07 x 0.02 (viii) 10.05 x 1.05
2. Find the following:
() 10.8 +4 (ii) 126.35 + 7 (iii) 22.5 +15 (iv) 4.28 + 0.02
(v) 3.645 = 1.35 (vi) 0.728 + 0.04 (vii) 13.06 + 0.08 (viii) 58.635 + 4.5
3. Multiply each of the following numbers by 10, 100 and 1000 (orally):
(5.9 (ii) 3.76 (iii) 0.549
4. Divide each of the following numbers by 10, 100 and 1000 (orally):
() 4.8 (ii) 38.53 (iii) 128.9
5. Find the area of a rectangle whose length is 5.7 cm and breadth is 3.5 cm.
6. The cost of one metre cloth is 738.50, Find the cost of 3.6 m cloth,
Scanned with CamScanner | Learning Mathematics ~ Vil
7. A two-wheeler covers a distance of 45.3 km in one litre of petrol. How much
distance will it cover in 5.9 litres of petrol?
8. If 1 kg of pure milk contains 0.245 kg of fat. How much fat is there in 12.8 kg of
milk?
9. If $242.46 are to be distributed among 6 children equally, find the share of each,
10. A vehicle covers a distance of 43.2 km in 2.4 litres of petrol. How much distance
will it cover in one litre of petrol?
11. How many ice cream cones can be filled from 8.4 litres of ice cream, if one cone
can be filled with 35 millilitres of ice cream?
12. If the product of two decimal numbers is 38.745 and one of the numbers is 2.7,
find the other.
13,
2 : :
. If 3 of a number is 10, then what is 1.75 times of that number?
Scanned with CamScanner EX€ICIS€ 2.0 nnn
Simplify the following (1 to 3):
1 @ oft +34 i $x23-2% 2 gy ($42) (3-3).
2. (3 of 22) 5 ; mia (i) 2 +3 +2.
s ofedatodestert (be) (44) -[ef6d-(o-23]
4. Simplify the fein!
(i) 2.3 — [1.89 — {3.6 - (2.7 — 0.8 — 0.03 )}] (ii) 4.5 - ; of (7.6 — 3.5) + 2.3 x 4.05.
Scanned with CamScanner MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Choose the correct answer from the given four options (3 to 20):
5
3. 2 of 480 is
(a) 400 (b) 576 (9) 480 (a) none of these
4. The reciprocal of 52 is
3 2 3 3
@55 b) 3= 25 =
5 35 (923 3
5. The fraction 1 ties between
(a) 1 and 7 () Land 2 (©) Oand1 (@ 2and3
6. If the cost of 1 kg almonds is £460, then the cost of 2 kg of almonds is
(a) 892 () T184 (©) €230 (a) 71200
7.24 +12 is equal to
. 1 1 5
(a) 2 15 (25 @1E
1 1.
8. 5¢ +4 is equal to
31 1 a eA
@= OF O55 @14
9. If 3 of a number is 12, then the number is
@9 16 (9 18 (a) 32
10. Arif bought 3 dozen eggs. He found 3 of them were rotten. The number of rotten eggs
was
@4 3 as @eé
11. Shruti reads a novel for 13 hours daily. If she reads the entire novel in 6 days, then the
time she takes to read the entire novel is
ef = 1
(@) 73 hours @ 95 hours (©) 105 hours (@) 115 hours
12. The place value of the digit 7 in the decimal number 35.0471 is
7 Z a
@7 ® i © t00 ® io
Scanned with CamScanner a “2
= 56 Learning Mathematics ~ VII
13. 0.002 x 0.3 is
(c) 0.006 (4) 0.0006
(@ 06 Oe
14. The value of the mixed fraction 55 is @
5.6.25 5.875
(@) 5.735 (0) 5.375 5
15. 0.35 + 0.7 is a) 0.05
(@) 50 os (0) 05 (d) 0.
16. 30 m 5 cm is same as
(@) 305m (b) 3.05 m (c) 30.05 m (d) 30.005 m
17. 0.05309 x 1000 is
(@ 5.309 (b) 53.09 (c) 530.9 (@) none of these
18. 2.305 + 1000 is
(@) 0.2305 () 0.02305 () 0.002305 (a) none of these
19. If each side of a regular hexagon is 3.5 cm, then the perimeter of the hexagon is
(@) 175m () 21cm (© 18.5 cm (d) 24.5 cm
20. Which of the following numbers has the smallest value?
2 2
(a) 0.0002 © ae (9) 0.020.001 (a) Too 700
Value Based Questions
1. Seema had one sandwich for her lunch and her tw,
bring their lunch. Seema decided to sh paler
are equally
much part of the sandwich each girl will get? What we
of Seema?
A farmer had a large field of dimensions 1396.5
°'m by 272.72 m. Fi
field. He left 2 of this area to make a playground for the ame Find the area of the
area of the playground. Which value of the farmer i, reflected wc Of locality. Find the
in this act?
»
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS
1. Fread 4 of a book on one day and 2 of the remaining.
book were still left unread, how many pages did the
Next day
'¥ TF 100 pages of the
book contain? Be:
2. A drum of petrol is 2 full. When 30 litres of oil are
the capacity of the drum.
dray
0 from ig
Lit is 7
is 5 full. Find
Summarys...
aoe
ich represents a part of whole; 4° 13. FSR
& Fraction is a number which rep rBe 5
fractions.
Scanned with CamScanner
