Nanotechnology, or "science of extremely small," has immense potential in
healthcare, including more effective drug delivery, faster and more sensitive
illness diagnosis, vaccine delivery via aerosols and patches, and improved visual
imaging. Nanotechnology is at the forefront of rapid healthcare product
development because it has a wide range of potential human health benefits, but
it is also viewed with some skepticism because of its potential human health
dangers.
Scientists can use nanotechnology to ensure that medicines are given to
specific areas of the body with greater precision, and the drugs can be made so
that the active ingredient enters cell membranes more effectively, minimizing the
required dose. Nanoparticle-based site-specific targeted medication delivery is
more effective for enhanced bioavailability, low side effects, less toxicity to other
organs, and is less expensive. Nanobiomagnets are magnetic nanoparticles that
deliver medications into the body, such as cancer medicines, and are held at the
target place by an external magnet. The goal is to keep the medicine concentrated
at the tumor site long enough for it to be absorbed.
Nanoparticles can improve the resolution of medical imaging tools, making
it easier to detect disease in disease detection and monitoring. Nanotubes and
nanoparticles can also be utilized as glucose, carbon dioxide, and cholesterol
sensors, as well as for in-situ monitoring of homeostasis, the process by which
the body maintains metabolic equilibrium, in health monitoring.
Furthermore, India's Central Scientific Instruments Organization has
developed a nanotechnology-based tuberculosis testing kit that is currently
being tested in clinical trials. This would reduce the cost and time required for
TB tests, as well as the amount of blood required for testing. Nanotechnology is
also being used to better treat tuberculosis. Nanotechnology-based drug
formulations degrade more slowly, allowing more of the active component to be
administered with fewer doses.