PART II.

1. Project Rationale

The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) functions as the engineering
and construction arm of the Government tasked to continuously develop its
technology for the purpose of ensuring the safety of all infrastructure facilities and
securing for all public works and highways the highest efficiency and quality in
construction.

Responsive to the needs of the Filipino people in the pursuit of national development
objectives, DPWH is responsible for the planning, design, construction and
maintenance of infrastructure, especially the national highways, flood control and
water resources development system, and other public works. The construction of
drainage systems is included in the Major Final Output (MFO) 2 of the department.

Drainage improvements are considered as flood mitigation measure. Flood control

structures are designed to protect coastal and river-bank areas, including urban and
agricultural communities, homes and other economically valuable areas, and the
people located within them. These structures are used to divert flows of water, by
re-directing rivers, slowing natural changes in embankments and coastlines, or
preventing inundation of vulnerable coastlines or floodplains. Dikes, spurs, levees
and seawalls often act as the first line of defense against overflowing rivers, floods,
storm surges, and – in the longer term - rising seas. By keeping water out, flood
control structures lessen harm to physical infrastructures and help to ensure
continuation of communities’ economic and social activity.

Flood control is divided into various categories according to purpose, as follows:

a. to increase the water discharge capacity
-to protect the flood prone area from overflow
b. to reduce and/ or control the peak discharge of flood
c. to prevent inland flood
d. to prevent bank collapse and harmful degradation of
e. to prevent obstruction against water flow and/ or maintain/ conserve the good
condition of the river in order to keep the flow uninterrupted.

Many development programs rely on these structures to maintain program

objectives, including continued food and water supplies, economic activity and
protection from storms and floods.

Flood control structures provide defense against frequent, small floods in rivers and
estuaries, rising sea levels, and storm surges, climate change impacts on these
structures may significantly affect the communities relying on their protection. Such
impacts have implications for urban stability, economic growth and trade and food
and water availability.

Improving/ developing the quality of drainage significantly improves the quality of

life to the people who live in those areas. The benefits of installing drainage are to
reduce mud and water lying within properties and in open roadside drains in the
street. In addition, it provides a more efficient way for unwanted storm water to be
directed away from properties.

Removing storm water and household wastewater (sometimes called sludge) is an

important environmental health intervention for reducing disease. Poorly drained
storm water forms stagnant pools that provide breeding sites for disease vectors.
Because of this, some diseases are more common in wet season than dry season.
Household wastewater may also contain pathogens that can pollute groundwater
sources, increasing the risk of diseases such as lymphatic filariasis. Poor drainage
can lead to flooding, resulting in property loss, and people may even be forced to
move to escape floodwaters. Flooding may also damage water supply infrastructure
and contaminate domestic water sources.

At present, the location of the project site along the San Fernando Port Road has an
existing carriageway which has been widened both sides. The current land use
within the said road line is commercial, residential and agricultural.

The construction of drainage structures in area is necessary in order to protect the

residents nearby from occurrences of floods as it helps guide better water flow and
free flow of water.

Attached is the topographic map showing the strategic location of the project. For
reference, the Flood Hazard Map of the Province of La Union is also attached.

Importance of the Project

Water is the most important compound ensuring life in this planet. But on roads the
presence of water means trouble. A main cause of road damage, and problems with
the serviceability of road networks, is excess water filling the pores of road materials
in the road and in the subgrade soils. Further, water is fundamental in life, but too
much water with nowhere to go cause serious damage to roadways.

The goal of any road drainage system is to reduce or completely eliminate the flow
of water over roadways. Other importance of constructing drainage systems is
presented below:

1. Traffic Safety

Poor drainage is a traffic safety risk. Water may accumulate on the road like ponds.
The accumulated water creates a risk of aquaplaning during rain. A wet surface
reduces friction which leads to longer braking distances. Surface water can freeze
during the night at those times of the year with frost nights, and thaw again when
temperatures rise above freezing during the day. Where this happens roads may
become very slippery and the change in friction may come as a surprise to those
who are driving.
 2. Erosion

Uncontrolled water flows on the road area can cause erosion. Culverts are also risk
places for erosion. Small diameter and clogged culverts can cause water to flow
towards the road and produces erosion. Water exiting from culverts can similarly
cause erosion when it discharges directly on to erosive soil. The sensitive soil types
for erosion are silt, silty moraine and sand. Vegetation can reduce erosion.
3. Reduces bearing capacity in the subgrade and road structures causing
permanent deformation

Poor drainage and moisture is a main contributor to permanent deformation

problems on roads. This can result in reduced traffic safety, increased driver
health issues, lowered bearing capacities, and higher costs for road owners and
users.

4. Frost heave and differential frost heave

One reason for differential frost heave is poor drainage when the road drainage
is not maintained as it should be. Frost heave causes unevenness and cracking
on the road.

5. Reduced pavement lifetime and increased pavement management costs

Improving the drainage condition in critical sections and maintaining it in good

condition, increases the pavement lifetime by 1.50 -2.0 times. The conclusion
was that if drainage maintenance and rehabilitation can be carried out in an
economic fashion, they can lead to major savings in the annual maintenance
costs for paved road networks.(www.roadex.org)

Coupled with the field survey and investigation of the project site are the following
vital analyses/ activities in determining the appropriate design of the drainage
structure to be constructed:

a. Total size of drainage area needs to fall in line with the amount of runoff an
area is prone to.
b. The topography of the land is important in regards to the average slope and
elevation of the basin
c. Soil type and characteristics will determine permeability and infiltration
capacity. The amount of water a certain soil type is able to absorb will
influence run off rate.

Said project will directly benefit the stakeholders living near the location of the
project, to wit:

Barangay Population (2015 Census)

1. Madayegdeg 1,762
San Fernando City Total Population: 121,812
 2. Project Component List

Scope of works includes the construction of lateral drainage system (covered canal).

3. Description of Project Phases

Pre-Construction/ Pre-Development phase

The Pre-Construction Phase of the project which is the responsibility of DPWH

Regional Office 1, involves the following activities, as follows:

- The detailed engineering survey, design and preparation of construction plans

and drawing, and bid documents for bidding. This will be prepared by the
Planning and Design Division (PDD) of the department.

- Bidding which shall involve a very thorough process of selecting the most
qualified and competent contractor that will undertake the construction of the
project in compliance to Republic Act 9184 otherwise known as the
Government Procurement Reform Act. This process includes the
advertisement application for eligibility, evaluation and approval, evaluation
and notice of eligibility/ineligibility issuance of tender documents pre-bid
inspection, pre-bid conference, and preparation/submission of bids, bid
opening and bid evaluation, post qualification, BAC deliberation/resolution of
award, Notice of Award Approval and perfection of Contract Agreement and
the issuance of Notice to Proceed (NTP) to the winning bidder (contractor).
This shall be conducted by the Procurement Staff of the department.

- Necessary permits will be secured such as Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC)

at the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) as the project falls under
the category of environmental enhancement project. This shall be undertaken
by the Flood Control, Social and Environmental Section (FCSE) of the
department. Other necessary clearances required by various government
agencies shall be secured. There will be no households to be displaced by the
project.

Construction Phase

The construction phase will commence after the pre-construction activities have
been completed. This will be undertaken by the contractor which will be supervised
by the Project Engineer and Project Inspector from the Construction Division/
Maintenance Division of the department. Further, as to the quality assurance of the
project, it will be supervised by the Materials Engineer assigned from the
department. This phase will generate waste from construction left-overs and
construction of work camps and emissions from vehicles/ equipments. The
following are the activities included in this phase:
a. Preparation of work area/site; hiring of skilled and unskilled workers; clearing
and grubbing operations)

b. Construction and management of work camps of the Contractor’s workers

(mobilization of heavy equipment; transport of construction materials; installation of
batching plant and stockyard;

c. Construction proper

- All the possible impacts to the environment shall be implemented by the contractor
with the corresponding mitigating measures.

Operation and Maintenance Phase

After the completion of the project, the contractor will maintain and/or make
correction on all defects in the implementation of the project for one (1) year.

After this period, the project will be turned over to the DPWH District Engineering
Office (DEO) where the project is located, for continuous operation and
maintenance.

Maintenance works will be properly implemented in the operation which includes:

 Strengthening of the inspection and monitoring system;

 Periodic inspection and assessment of structure condition; and
 Timely implementation of repair works

Abandonment Phase

This phase constitutes part of project demobilization.

Facilities to be Abandoned/Deactivated

The proponent does not intend to abandon any facilities and unserviceable
equipment used during construction. The project location will not be abandoned in
disorderly condition but instead restored for functional use. Following the completion
of the construction, the proponent will deactivate the project offices, and the
construction yard including unserviceable vehicles and equipment. Recoverable
materials will be classified according to potentials use.

Site Rehabilitation/Restoration Plan

The construction area that will be affected by the construction activities will be
restored.

4. Project Emissions/Effluent/ Hazardous Waste/Solid Waste/Other

Wastes
Waste produce from abandonment activities

The main impacts on land during construction are from (i) spoils due to removal and
clearing of land for site preparation; (ii) contamination of the land from hazardous
and toxic chemicals and construction material spillage. The implementation of the
project will result to the generation of excavated materials and spoils which could
pose threat to terrestrial resources, aquatic resources, and public health and safety.
Appropriate housekeeping and spoils management techniques should be
implemented by the project.

Topsoil will be potentially lost because of the earthworks and excavation activities.
Stripped topsoil should be stored and reused for rehabilitation. The presence of
sand and coarse aggregates, if any may be used for project activities.

Contractors will be encouraged to recycle excess materials and reclaimed material

for subgrade and base layers and access road maintenance to use recyclable
materials as much as possible. The materials that cannot be reused will be taken to
specific official waste disposal site.

Wastes arising from abandonment of the project could include small volumes of left
over sand and gravel, re-bars and other steel materials (nails, welding roads, etc.)
and lumber. The local community will be allowed to collect these for whatever uses
the community might have for them.

Waste Management Scheme

Temporary structures and facilities constructed in the construction site will be turned
over to the community for their use. Those that cannot be re-used will be disposed
of by the contractor.

Tapping points for facilities and utilities (i.e. human waste disposal, water,
electricity, etc) will be functionally integrated to the overall system within the
construction area to minimize cost and off-site descriptions. No waste materials will
be allowed to be directly disposed in any water body.

Scrap materials such as steel bars, woods, cement bags, and other reusable/recycle
materials will be sold to recycler. Used oil, grease and other oil-based-by-products of
equipment and service vehicle maintenance will be stored in safe containers and sold
to small-scale refiners who resell these as motorcycle fuel additives. Oil-based waste
will not be disposed of in any waterways.

Temporary camps for workers, when necessary that will be constructed will be
disassembled upon relocation or transfer to other work sites. Eventually, these
temporary structures and facilities will be sold as scraps or rehabilitated for re-use
by other interested contractors.

5. Project Cost and Duration

Project financial cost is PhP 200,000,000.00 for implementation on CY 2019.

6. Additional Information on the Project Potential Key Impacts

Assessment and Mitigation

The EIA, based on the screening of baseline environment, there will be localised
short-term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil
works that can be addressed through application of an Environmental Management
Plan (EMP). Environmental impacts during project implementation are described
briefly along with various proposed mitigation measures.

Key Potential Impacts on Land

The main impacts on land during construction are from spoils due to removal and
clearing of land for site preparation. The implementation of the project will result to
the generation of excavated materials and spoils which could pose threat to
terrestrial resources, aquatic resources, and public health and safety. Appropriate
housekeeping and spoils management techniques should be implemented by the
project.

Topsoil will be potentially lost because of the earthworks and excavation activities.
Stripped topsoil should be stored and reused for rehabilitation. The presence of
sand and coarse aggregates, if any may be used for project activities.

Contractors will be encouraged to recycle excess materials and reclaimed material

for subgrade and base layers and access road maintenance to use recyclable
materials as much as possible. The materials that cannot be reused will be taken to
specific official waste disposal sites approved by the DENR.

Key Potential Impacts on Water

In terms of water quality, the project will increase silt load during pavement
construction. Embankments and construction materials (fill, sand, and gravel) are
subject to wash out with rainwater. There would be potential discharge of sewerage
from work camps to the water resources; or percolation through seepage and
contamination of the local water table.

To mitigate this, (i) pavement works will be taken up during dry season; (ii) open
surface will be covered to reduce wash-away material; (iii) construction and work
sites will be equipped with sanitary latrines that do not pollute surface waters; (iv)
discharge of sediment-laden construction water (e.g., from areas containing dredged
spoil) directly into surface watercourses will be forbidden; and (v) drainage system
will be periodically cleared so as to ensure adequate storm water flow.

The construction activities will generate wastewater in the form of domestic sewage
and materials that would contribute to high suspended solids.
To avoid water pollution problems caused by the discharge of domestic waste,
sewage treatment facilities and portable toilet facilities should be installed onsite.
There should be no direct discharge of untreated sanitary waste to surface water
bodies during the construction phase.

Trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the
discharge of waste oil into the river system. Wastewater from the construction
works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through
sedimentation tanks.

Key Potential Impacts on Air and Noise

During construction, air quality is likely to be degraded by exhaust emissions from

the operation of construction machinery and dust generated from haul roads,
unpaved roads, exposed soils and material stock piles.

In order to mitigate these, the following will be implemented: (i) construction

equipment shall be maintained to a good standard and idling of engines will be
discouraged. Machinery causing excessive pollution (e.g., visible smoke) shall be
banned from construction sites. (ii) The contractor will submit a dust suppression
program prior to construction. The plan with detail action to be taken to minimize
dust generation (e.g., spraying of roads with water, and will identify equipment to
be used. (iii) Construction materials will be stored away from the residential areas
and will be properly covered.

Dust generation from the unpaved and damaged roads will be reduced by the
improvement of pavement. The health risk to roadside communities and damage to
the biological environment will also be reduced by pavement improvement.

During the construction of the project, regular water sprinkling of areas that are
prone to dust emission should be regularly undertaken, particularly during dry and
windy conditions.

Along access roads, the potential to generate dust may be controlled by erecting
warning signs for vehicles to remind drivers on the requirement to regulate speed.
Water spray trucks for dust suppression should also be installed, as feasible, to
mitigate dust generation from the movement of construction vehicles. The exposed
sections of service roads should be paved, particularly through populated
communities. Workers should also be provided with respirators to ensure
occupational safety.

Likewise, the emissions from trucks and heavy equipment should be checked at
least once a month in order to determine if these vehicles are being kept according
to their maintenance schedules.

Noise during construction will be primarily generated by the operation of

construction equipment and also from movement of construction vehicles. To
prevent hazard and nuisance, clear warning signs should be installed onsite.
Regulation on noise generation activities at nighttime should be enforced.

To protect workers, noise mitigation measures for noise impacts on construction

workers may include standards occupational health and safety practices such as ear
protection and enforcement of exposure duration restrictions. The construction
workers shall be equipped with proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to
ensure construction health and safety.

Operation of heavy machinery can generate high noise and vibration levels. To
prevent noise and vibration, the operation will be restricted between 06.00 to 21.00
hours.

Key Potential Impacts on People

Identify settlers that will be displaced from among the existing settlers

There will be no properties that will be displaced with the implementation of the
project.

Discuss the project implementations’ threat to public health vis-à-vis the

baseline health conditions in the area

Campsites for construction workers are the important locations that have significant
impacts such as health and safety hazards on local resources and infrastructure of
nearby communities. A relatively large workforce shall be located at site.

The potential implications associated with housing a large number of immigrant

workforce include adverse water quality impacts arising from discharge of partially
treated sewage and refuse, public health impacts through the possible introduction
of diseases not prevalent in the surrounding areas and promotion of disease vector
habitats within the temporary housing areas.

The construction works will generate domestic wastes and construction wastes.
Designated areas within the construction area should be identified for the
temporary disposal of domestic wastes. Biodegradable waste materials can be
composted while the non-biodegradable wastes should be collected separately and
temporarily stored at the waste area until collected for final disposal at an approved
disposal site. Recyclable construction waste materials such as wood, steel, and
other related materials may be reused by the contractors.

Such impacts will generally be short term and tolerable. However, long term adverse
impacts on individuals and communities as a whole can be discounted. Hence,
specific safeguards are required to be taken to quell potential adverse
environmental, public health and socio-cultural impacts.

Discuss local benefits expected from project implementation

The implementation of the flood control projects will consequently save billions of
pesos, damage to properties, damage to people’s livelihood, damage to traffic and
transportation, damage to business activities and loss of lives and injuries. Said
project will directly benefit the stakeholders living near the location of the project.

Discussed its effect on the construction health and safety plan

During construction, the most critical part of implementation is site management,

which will be the direct responsibility of the contractor. The contractor will be
required to comply with the Environmental Management Plan outlined in this
report.

The implementation of Construction Environmental Management Program, including

health and safety plan shall form part of the responsibilities and scope of work of
the contractor. It will include all the important environmental programs/plans that
must be instituted during the entire duration of construction activities, which
include, among others, the following provisions:

 Temporary facilities such as housing, sanitation and waste disposal;

 Regular maintenance of facilities;

 Implementation of safety measures and provisions such as hard hats,

gloves, dust/gas masks, coverall, etc.;

 Implementation of emergency response measures including informing

workers of their responsibilities in case of an emergency situation;

 Provision of warning devices, enclosures around deep excavation, and

signboards are some of the safety precautions that must be practiced by
the contractor;

 All construction activities will be restricted to working areas designated.

Materials such spoils shall be stockpiled on designated areas;

 Medical assistance as well as first aid kit shall always be available at the
site; and

 Immediate and available transport services to accident victims to the

nearest clinic/hospital during the entire duration of the construction
activity.