Nama Kelompok :
1. Yosi Hasanah (A1C320003)
2. Soly Deo Glorya Hutagalung (A1C320014)
3. Marsela Natalia Manalu (A1C320022)
4. Selvia (A1C320025)
5. Muhammad Musyaddad (A1C320038)
Kelas : REG A
Taks Page 23
1.The atomic radius of cadmium is .......that of mercury.
a.as high as b.not as high as
2. ........ mercury,cadmium has a high boiling point.
a.Like. b. Compared to
3. The specific gravity of cadmium and copper are.......
a. Similar. b.Identical
4. Compared to the other metals on this table, gold has.......specific gravity.
a. relatively high. b. The highest
5. The properties of cadmium and zinc are ........
a. Comparable b. Identical
6. Copper and gold have.........high boiling points.
a. Comparatively b. Equally
7. The melting points of the Group II metals are......those of group L.
a.Lower than. b. As low as
8. The ionic radius of copper is ........to that of cadmium.
a. Similar. b. equal
INTRODUCTION
Scientists try to organize information by seeking relationships. Classification is one
way of arranging information. Comparing is another.
Comparisons not only arrange information but also expand it. When prehistoric
human beings noticed that wood burns and stone does not, they were making an important step
toward advancing scientific knowledge. Often comparisons enable us to solve problems. For
example, to determine which substance to use for electrical wiring, various metals are compared
for electrical conductivity, cost, availability, and the like.
Comparisons provide a new perspective on information. For example, the fact that an
ant can carry a crumb of bread only becomes impressive when the crumb is discovered to be
three times the weight of the anf. The fact that water expands when it becomes solid is more
interesting when comparisons show that all other liquids contract, or take up less space, as they
solidify. It was a comparison of the habits of lung cancer victims with those of the general
population that led to the discovery of a link between smoking and lung cancer. Comparisons are
thus a part of every aspect of science.
SHORT READING
The Wonder Metals
The study of metals began in the Middle Ages when alchemists searched for a
technique to convert “base metals,” Like lead, to gold. They never succeeded in making gold
but at least by experimenting with the metals (in contrast to the ancient Greeks, who only
speculated about them) they made many discoveries.
All but 20 of the over 100 elements identified to date are metals but only 7 of these are
common in the earth’s crust. Iron, the most widely used metal, is rarely found in the free state
(not combined with other metals) and must be extracted from naturally occurring compounds
(ores) such as hematite, magnetite, and pyrite. The beautiful colors of rocks are due almost
entirely to these iron compounds. In fact, iron pyrite is often called fool’s gold because of the
similarity of its color to gold. Iron is very strongly magnetic, and the fact that the earth is a
magnet itself tipped scientists off to the fact that iron is a major component of the earth’s
core, or center.
Pure iron is a relatively soft, silvery metal that is very active chemically (that is, it
combines with oxygen to corrode or form rust). It is usually mixed with other elements or
compounds to form alloys such as steel, stainless steel, or cast iron, which are more durable and
rust resistant than pure iron.
Aluminium is the most abundant metal, but it was not used until a century ago
because it is so active chemically and difficult to extract. Like iron it is soft, but in contrast to
iron and steel, aluminum is very light and more resistant to corrosion. These qualities make it
useful for airplanes, trains, automobiles, rockets, and house siding.
In the 1940s, magnesium emerged as an important metal. Although it is less abundant
in the earth, more chemically active, and harder to extract than alu minum, it is present in sea
water and that means there is almost an endless supply of it.
In the space age, the extraordinary properties of titanium have made it the new
wonder metal. Lighter and stronger than steel, it is more resistant to corrosion and able to
withstand heat.
The remaining major metals are sodium, potassium, and calcium, all too
active.Chemically (they react violently with water) for use in construction.
Taks Page 24
Creating Sentences. Write a sentence comparing the items in each of these pairs. There is more
than one way to write each answer.
1. Surface Temperature : Mercury – 3500C
Venus – 4750C
The surface temperature of mercury is lower than that of venus
2. Maximum life span : kangaroo – 16 years
Cat – 23 years
Compare to kangguru, cat has a high maximum life span
3. calories : apple (medium) – 75
Egg – 70
The calories of apple and egg are comparable
4. Diameter : moon – 3480 km
Earth – 12800 km
The diameter of earth is higher than that of moon
5. Gestation period : elephant – 21 months
Giraffe – 14-15 months
Gestation period of Elephant is longer than giraffe
6. Percent of world’s water : Pacific Ocean - 46%
Atlantic Ocean – 22.9%
Pasific ocean have higher percent of world's water than atlantic ocean
Task page 25
Using. Like and As. Fill in the blanks in of the following sentences with as or like.
1. Sodium, like , potassium, is an alkali metal.
2. The ancient Greek scientists did not experiment like modern scientists do.
3. Modern computers are not as large as the first computers.
4. Like Galileo before him, Newton studied motion.
5. Cobalt is a heavy metal as nickel.
6. Helium is almost as light as hydrogen.
7. Nickel does not rust as iron does.
