FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY - DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

COURSE OUTLINE

Part 1: Course Information

Course Code and Title: CCB211 : Engineering Materials

Course Description:
The course consists of six parts: Types of Materials; Materials Science (Atomic Structure, Arrangement &
Movement); Properties of Materials; Controlling of the Microstructure & Mechanical Properties of Materials
(Principles of Solidification Strengthening & Processing, Phase Diagrams); Engineering Materials (Ferrous Alloys,
Nonferrous Alloys, Ceramic Materials, Polymers & Composite Materials); Failure in Materials in Stress.

Credits: 3 Credits, SAQA Credits 12 (2.5L, 1.0 T, 1.0 P)

Core or Elective: Core

Prerequisites: MAT111, PHY111, PHY119, CHE101, MAT121, PHY121, PHY129, CHE102

Co-requisites: DTB211, MAT291, DTB221, CCB221

Course Materials:
Required: Askeland D. R., The Science & Engineering of Materials, Third S.I. Edition, Nelson
Thornes Ltd, 2001, ISBN: 0-7487-4083-X (Textbook I)
Budinski K.G., Budinski M.K., Engineering Materials (Properties & Selection), Eighth
Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005, ISBN: 0-13-183779-6 (Textbook II); John V.,
Introduction to Engineering Materials, Fourth Edition, Palgrave MacMillan, 2003,
ISBN: 0-333-94917-X (Textbook III); Ashby M.F., Jones D.R.H., Engineering
Materials 1 (An Introduction to Properties, Applications & Design), Third Edition,
Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005, ISBN: 978-0-7506-6380-9 (Textbook IV).

Optional: Timings R.L., Fundamentals of Engineering Materials (Introduction to Properties,

Applications & Design); Timings R.L., Engineering Materials; Mangonon P.L., The
Principles of Materials Selection for Engineering Design; Gourd L.M., An Introduction
to Engineering of Materials.

Course Goals:
To enable the students to understand the relationship between structure, processing & properties of materials. At
the end of the Materials Science Course, the students must be able to use the understanding of the relationship
cited above, for engineering purpose-specific materials selection, processing & design.

Course Objectives/Course Learning Outcomes:

By the end of this course, the student should:-
1. Know the major categories of materials & the main characteristics of each category.
2. Understand the mechanisms of the formation of ionic, covalent, metallic & secondary bonds.
3. Know the nature of the attractive & repulsive forces existing between atoms, the relative bond energies &
strengths of the various bond types.
4. Know that the type of inter-atomic & intermolecular bonding is a major factor determining some basic
materials properties including structure, density, elastic constants, electrical properties, stability & melting
point.

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 5. Understand how, by controlling lattice imperfections, stronger metals & alloys, more powerful magnets,
improved transistors & solar cells, glassware of striking colours, etc, can be created.
6. Understand how movement of atoms (diffusion) facilitates heat treatment of metals, the manufacture of
ceramics, the solidification of materials, the manufacture of transistors & solar cells, electrical conductivity
of many ceramic materials.
7. Know how to select materials by matching their mechanical properties (strength, stiffness, ductility, etc) to
the service conditions (repeated application of a high force, sudden intense force, high stress at elevated
temperatures, abrasive conditions, etc) required of the component.
8. Understand how the way materials are cooled below their freezing temperatures affects their structure
(grain size & shape) & how in turn the structure influences the mechanical properties of the materials as
well as the type of further processing of those materials.
9. Understand how the mechanical properties of materials can be controlled by addition of point defects
(solid solution) & be able to use phase diagrams to predict how a material will solidify under both
equilibrium & non-equilibrium conditions.
10. Know the structures, properties & applications of the more common types of steels; understand the iron-
carbon phase diagram; understand the T-T-T (time-temperature-transformation) & C-C-T (continuous-
cooling-transformation) diagrams; know the range of heat treatments which may be given to steels &
understand how they affect the structure & properties of steels; know the principal effects on both
structure & properties of the major alloying elements in steels; know the basic structures & properties of
grey & white cast irons & understand how improved cast irons can be created by alloying &/or heat
treatment.
11. Know the properties & applications of some important non-ferrous metals & their alloys.
12. Know the properties & applications of the various categories of ceramics; appreciate that ceramics have
a very wide range of mechanical & physical properties.
13. Know the different types of polymers (thermoplastic, elastomeric & thermosetting materials); categories
of polymers (commercial & engineering); know the properties & applications of polymers.
14. Know the different categories of composites (particulate, fibre & laminar); understand that particulate
composites (e.g. concrete) are isotropic (if the reinforcing particles are uniformly distributed), fibre
composites can either be isotropic or anisotropic, laminar composites are always anisotropic.
15. Understand that the origin of failure of materials may be improper design, materials selection, materials
processing &/or use; be able to identify the failure mode & use non-destructive testing techniques to
prevent similar failures in the future.

Course Content and Teaching Plan:

Course Topics Teaching Resources Lecture Week

Types of Materials Chap.1 (1.2) of Text. I 1

Chap.1 (1.5 – 1.8) of Text. II
Chap.1 (Table 1.2) of Text. III
Chap.1 (Table 1.2 of Text. IV

Materials Science
Atomic Structure Chap.2 of Text. I 2
Chap.2 of Text. III
Chap.4 of Text. IV
Atomic Arrangement Chap.3 of Text. I 3
Chap.5 of Text. IV

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Imperfections in the Atomic Arrangement Chap.4 of Text. I 4
Chap.8 (8.1-8.3, 8.11) of Text.
III
Chap.9 of Text. IV
Atom Movement in Materials Chap.5 of Text. I 5

Properties of Materials Chap.2 of Text. II 6

(Chemical, Physical & Mechanical) Chap.18-21, 6 of Text. I
Chap.1 (1.3), 13 & 14 of Text.
III
Chap.8 & 11 of Text. IV

Controlling the Microstructure & Mechanical Properties

of Materials
Principles of Solidification Strengthening & Processing Chap.8 of Text. I 7
Chap.11 & 12 of Text. III
Test 1. Assignment 1.

Phase Diagrams Chap.11 & 12 of Text. III 8

Chap.9-11 of Text. I
Chap.10 of Text. II

Engineering Materials
Ferrous Alloys Chap.12 of Text. I 9
Chap.11 of Text. II
Chap.16 of Text. III
Nonferrous Alloys Chap.13 of Text. I 10
Chap.16 & 17 of Text. II
Chap.15 of Text. III
Ceramic Materials Chap.14 of Text. I 11
Chap.8 of Text. II
Chap.18 of Text. III
Polymers Chap.15 of Text. I 12
Chap.4-7 of Text. II
Chap.17 of Text. III
Composite Materials Chap.16 of Text. I 13
Chap.19 of Text. III

Failure in Materials in Stress Chap.23 & 22 of Text. I 14

Chap.21 of Text. II
Chap.25 & 26 of Text. III
Test 2. Assignment 2

Laboratory Experiences Teaching Resources Session Week

Introduction to Laboratory

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Tensile Test 7
Metallic Materials ASTM E8/E8M-09, E21, 111, 345,
338, 646; A370-02e1.
BS EN 10002-1:2001, 1002-5:1992.
ISO 783, 6892, 15579.

Ceramic Materials ASTM C158, 749, 1273, 1273-05,

1275, 1275-00(2005) e1, 1359,
1359-05, 1366, 1366-04(2009),
1468, 1468-06, 1495-07, 1499-09,
1505-01(2007), 1674-08, 1683-
08e1.
ISO 15490, 15733, 17561.

Polymers ASTM D638, 638-08/03, 882, 229,

651, 5026-01, 1708, 5766, 412,
4000, 4066, 5947, 618, 883, 6287,
1623-03, 3574, 5083, 5083-10,
2105, 2290, 2343, 2990, 3916,
2433, 5448/5448-93(2006),
7205/7205M; E111, 1012, 132, 4,
691, 83;
ISO 527-1, 527-3, 527-4.

Composite Materials ASTM D638, 3039/3039M, 3518,

5766/5766M-07,
7205/7205M/7205M-06,
7291/7291M-07, 7565/7565M-10,
2105, 3552, 3552-96(2007); E111.
MIL-HDBK-17.
ISO 527 (Parts 4 & 5).
BS EN ISO 527-4 & 5:1997,

Bend Test for Brittle Materials 7

Metallic Materials ASTM E190-92(2008).

Ceramic Materials ASTM C158, 674, 674-88(2006),

1499, 1161, 1161-02c (2008) e1,
1211-02(2008), 1505, 1674, 1684,
1684-08; F417; D-790.

Polymers ASTM D2990, 4476, 790, 6272.

Composite Materials ASTM D790-03, 2344, 5766,

5766M, 6272, 7264/7264M-07;
C393, 1341-06.
BS EN ISO 14125:1998.

Hardness Test 8
Metallic Materials ASTM E18, 1842, 10, 110, 384, 92,
140, 103; A833-08a, 956, 647;
B724.
ISO 6506, 6507-1, 2 & 3, 6508

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Ceramic Materials ASTM C730, 730-98(2008), 849,
849-88(2006), 1326, 1327, 1327-08;
E384.
CEN ENV843-3

Polymers ASTM D785-03, 2583, 2240-05,

1415; C661; F1957.
ISO 2039, 7619 Part 1.
DIN 53505.
JIS K6301.
ASKER C-SRIS-0101

Composite Materials ASTM F1957-99(2004)

Impact Test 8
Metallic Materials ASTM E23-07ae1, 2248-09

Ceramic Materials ASTM C368-88(2006)

Polymers ASTM D1822, 256-06, 3763, 1709,

4226, 5420, 5628, 2240, 4812, 4508
ISO 179, 180, 6603, 7765

Composite Materials ASTM D7136, 7136M

Fracture Toughness Test 9

Metallic Materials BS 7448
ASTM E1820, 338-03, 399-05, 399-
09e1, 602-03, 604, 740-03, 1221-06,
1290-08e1, 1820-09, 1304-
97(2008); B645, 909
ISO 12135, CD15653

Ceramic Materials ASTM C1421-09, 1421-99; E1304.

ISO 18756:2003

Polymers ASTM E813-81, 813-87

Composite Materials ASTM D5528, 5528-01(2007)/5528-

01(2007) e3, 6671, 6671M, 6671M-
06; E1922-04

Fatigue Test 10
Metallic Materials ASTM E466, 466-07, 467-08, 606,
606-04e1, 647, 647-08e1, 2207,
2207-08, 2368-10.

Ceramic Materials ASTM C1360-01(2007), 1361, 1361-

01(2007); F2345.

Polymers ASTM D3479, 3479M.

Composite Materials ASTM D5528, 6115/6115-97(2004),

3479; F2118.

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Creep Test 11
Metallic Materials ASTM D2990; E139, 1457-07e2,
2760-10.

Ceramic Materials ASTM C1291-00 a(2005).

Polymers ASTM D2990, 3535-07a, 4680-

98(2004).

Composite Materials ASTM C1337-96(2005);

D7336/7336M-07, 7337/7337M.

Corrosion Test 12
Metallic Materials ASTM STP1370; F1801; G28-
02(2008), 30-97(2009), 33-99(2010),
34-011(2007), 35-98(2004), 36-
94(2006), 37-98(2008), 41-90(2006),
47-98(2004), 48-03(2009), 50-
76(2003), 51-95(2005), 66-
99(2005)e1, 67-04, 78-01(2007), 84-
89(2005), 101-04(2010), 103-
97(2005), 110-92(2009), 111-
97(2006), 112-92(2009),116-
99(2010), 123-00(2005), 129-
00(2006), 142-98(2004),162-
99(2010), G186-05; D2809-09.

Wear Test 12
Metallic Materials ASTM D3702, 3704; G32-09, 73-10,
76-07, 77-05(2010), 133-05(2010),
134-95(2006)

Ceramic Materials ASTM C 501-84(2009), 704/704-

09e1, 1027-09, 1243-93(2009).

Polymers ASTM D1044-05; F732-82

(Reapproved 1991); G137-97/137-
97(2009), 176-03/176-03(2009).

Composite Materials ASTM B611-85; G174-04(2009)e1,

195-08.

For all of the 4 types of materials ASTM D3702-94(Reapproved

1999), 6425-99; G75-95, 77-98, 99-
95, 132-96, 133-95(Reapproved
2002).

Non-destructive Test (NDT) 13

Metallic Materials ASTM E164-08,184, 186, 213-09,
243-09, 273-10, 309-95(2006), 376-
06, 426-98(2007), 570-09, 571-
98(2007)e1, 690-98(2004)e1, 709-
08, 1030-05, 1032-06, 1033-09,

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 1139-07, 1312-09, 1416-09, 1417-
05e1, 1444-05,1571-06, 1734-09,
1742-08a, 1814, 1816, 1961-06,
1962-09, 2096-05, 2261-07, 2337-
04, 2338-06, 2700-09.

Ceramic Materials ASTM C1175-99 a(2004).

Polymers ASTM E1067-07, 1118-05,

1888/1888M-07, 2076-05, 2479-06,
2478-06a.

Composite Materials ASTM E1495-02(2007),

2191/2191M-10, 2478-06a, 2533-09,
2580-07, 2581-07.

For all the 4 types of materials

Acoustic Emission Method ASTM E1211-07, 1419-09, 1736-10,
1930-07.

Electromagnetic Method Only under metallic materials.

Liquid Penetrant & Magnetic Particle Methods ASTM E 1208-10, 1209-10, 1219-
10, 1220-10, 1417-05e1, 1418-10,
2297-04.

Radiology (Neutron) Method ASTM E748-02(2008), E1496-05.

Radiology (X & Gamma) Method ASTM E1000-98(2009), 1255-09.

Class Schedule: 2.5 credits, meeting the equivalent of 2.5 times 50 minute class periods per week.

Laboratory Schedule: 0.5 credits, meeting the equivalent of 60 minute laboratory sessions per week.

Mandatory Coursework: Course work will comprise two (2) laboratory reports, two (2) tests & two (2)
assignments.

Assessment: The weighting of coursework will be 40%, while that of the final examination will be
60%. Credit will be awarded to a student who achieves an overall minimum mark of
50%.

Contribution to Professional Component: Engineering Sciences (70%), Mathematical Sciences (10%),

Basic Sciences (10%), Computing & Information Technologies
(5%), Complementary Studies (5%).

Contribution to Programme Outcomes: Partial fulfilment of ECSA exit level outcomes 1, 2, 4, 5

ECSA Exit Level Outcomes Assessed: 1, 2, 4, 5

Relation to Programme Outcomes:

Programme Outcome Level Demonstrate Proficiency

H, M, L, N e.g. Exams, Projects, Assignments

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 1 Problem solving H Exams, Tests
2 Application of scientific and engineering knowledge H Exams, Tests
3 Engineering Design
4 Investigations, experiments and data analysis H Lab. Reports
5 Engineering methods, skills and tools, including Information H Exams, Tests
Technology
6 Professional and technical communication
7 Impact of Engineering activity
8 Individual, team and multi-disciplinary working
9 Independent learning ability
10 Engineering Professionalism
H =High, M = Moderate, L = Low, N = none (blank)

Course Instructor(s): Dr. E. Masuku Office: 2059/16 Telephone: 355-4352

Email: [email protected]

Last Modified:

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Part 2: The ECSA Outcomes/Assessment Instruments and Assessment Criteria Supplement

CCB211 : Engineering Materials

ECSA Outcomes Assessment Instruments and Assessment Criteria

1. Problem solving: Demonstrate competence to identify, assess, formulate and solve convergent and
divergent engineering problems creatively and innovatively.
Ability to select materials, determine the optimal material processing procedures & design materials
depending on the intended use & compatibility (e.g. mutual bonding), conditions of service (e.g. fatigue
strength), properties of the materials (to be used as selected), properties required of the materials (to be
designed/developed as new materials, e.g. high strength-to-weight ratio composites).
Ability to solve Materials Science problems related to Atomic Structure, Arrangement & Movement ;
problems to do with Controlling of the Microstructure & Mechanical Properties of Materials, related to
Principles of Solidification Strengthening & Processing & Phase Diagrams; Engineering Materials
problems related to Ferrous Alloys, Nonferrous Alloys, Ceramic Materials, Polymers & Composite
Materials; problems to do with the Failure in Materials in Stress, related to Origin, Detection & Prevention
of Failure in Materials in Stress.

The performance required of the student must be such that he/she demonstrates sound knowledge of the
structure-property-processing relationship in Engineering Materials. This knowledge requires that the
student has a good command of Types of Materials, Materials Science, Properties of Materials,
Controlling the Microstructure & Mechanical Properties of Materials, Engineering Materials & Failure in
Materials in Stress. Strength in Mathematics, Physics & Chemistry are the basic science prerequisite to
attaining good command in the Course Topics cited above.

Examination, tests, assignments & laboratory reports shall be used to evaluate abilities stipulated above.
Minimum requirements for a student to pass shall be an average 50% score on all tests, assignments &
laboratory reports undertaken during the semester & a score of 50% in the final examination.

2. Application of scientific and engineering knowledge: Demonstrate competence to apply knowledge of

mathematics, basic science and engineering sciences from first principles to solve engineering problems.
Ability to understand a problem, identify what is required as the solution & what is given to arrive at that
solution.
Ability to construct a mathematically logical & shortest set of steps in problem solving, using the relevant
mathematical & scientific symbols in the development of a solution to the problem.
Ability to work with mathematical & scientific symbols in developing a solution in problem solving, right up
to the expression that gives the required answer.

The performance required of the student must be such that he/she demonstrates the ability to interpret
engineering problems in terms of basic & engineering science parameters that feature in the
mathematical relationships (equations, inequalities, ratios, etc), derived on the basis of established theory
or empirically.

Examination, tests, assignments & laboratory reports shall be used to evaluate abilities stipulated above.
Minimum requirements for a student to pass shall be an average 50% score on all tests, assignments &
laboratory reports undertaken during the semester & a score of 50% in the final examination

4. Investigations, experiments and data analysis: Demonstrate competence to design and conduct
investigations and experiments.
Ability to conduct laboratory work in strict accordance with the given experimental procedure: including
execution of experiments, collection & processing of data, interpretation of the processed data, validation
of findings.

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 The performance of the student must be such that he/she demonstrates the ability to produce accurate
data. To achieve this, the student must demonstrate the ability to scrupulously follow the experimental
procedure & avoid contamination of materials used in the experiments.

The student shall carry out a total of ten different experiments as outlined in the Laboratory Experiences
above. Laboratory Reports on the findings shall be evaluated with respect to structure, clarity of
presentation, data processing & interpretation of the results. An average mark of 50% on the stipulated
two (2) Laboratory Reports shall constitute the minimum requirement for the acceptability of the student’s
competence.

5. Engineering method, skills and tools, including information technology: Demonstrate competence to use
appropriate engineering methods, skills and tools, including information technology.
Ability to determine the limits of applicability of formulae derived both theoretically & empirically.
Ability to identify & quantify the parameters on the basis of which the limits of applicability are determined
(e.g. level of accuracy, practical applicability).
Ability to use modelling (mathematical, physical, etc) to explain the Behaviour of Materials in Service.
Ability to use tables, graphs, charts of engineering parameters, as well as software products, in solving
practical Engineering Materials problems.

The performance of the student must be such that he/she demonstrates open-mindedness, common
sense & versatility in applying the abilities cited above. These attributes shall derive from a good
appreciation of Engineering Materials whose application is commonplace.

Examination, tests, assignments, laboratory reports & tutorials shall be used to evaluate abilities cited
above. Minimum requirements for a student to pass shall be an average 50% score on all tests,
assignments & laboratory undertaken during the semester & a score of 50% in the final examination.

Evaluation of Objective Attainment - Continuing Course Review

At the end of each semester, the instructor(s) of this course will submit a short written report to the Department
for the course CCB211- Engineering Materials
which will
1) discuss his perception(s) of student knowledge and ability to apply the listed prerequisites, and
2) provide qualitative and quantitative information and discuss the attainment of objectives listed
above for the course CCB211- Engineering Materials.

These reports will be reviewed by the Head of Department and the Course Review Committee. This committee in
consultation with the instructor(s) shall recommend modifications and/or enhancements to the objectives and
criteria as needed. The recommendations will be forwarded to the Faculty Board for approval, if necessary.

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Additional/Supplementary Information:

Tutorials shall entirely be dedicated to solving Engineering Materials problems. A number of students in a Group
shall be tasked with solving given problems at every session of the tutorials. Such exposure shall be accessible
to all students taking the Course.

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