History

The study of past events

Historians
refer to individuals who write about history

Archeology
the study of fossils, artifacts of prehistory

Nick Joaquin
"History is a process or a formation of culture specifically a natural culture."

Aristotle
"History is an account to the unchanging past."

E.H Carr
"Unending dialogue between the past and present."

John W. Gardner
"History never look like history when you are living through it."

Soren Kierkegaard
"Life must be lived forward, but it can only be understood backward."

David McCullough
"History is who we are and why we are the way we are."

Lily Tomlin
"Maybe if people started to listen, history would stop repeating itself."

Jose Rizal
"To fortell the destiny of a nation, it is necessary to open a book that tells of new past."

Historiography
The practice of historical research and writing

Traditional Method
It focuses on gather document from different libraries and archives to form a pool of evidences needed
in making a descriptive or analytical narrative; method of historiography

Modern Method
It doesn't only include examination of document but also research methods from related areas of study
such as archeology and geography; method of historiography

Challenge-Response Theory
A man responds to situation placed before him; mankind's approach in coping with challenges
determines history
Exchange Theory
History is the product of the exchange of goods between individuals, groups, organizations and even
nations.

Dialectical Theory
Historical event is the embodiedment of the world spirit or social values and ideals that people would
hold dear.

Economic Theory
The prevailing economic system determines that form of societal organization, the political and
intellectual history of the epoch, which thus attribute actions anf events in history of economic motives.

Structuralist Theory
Human actions are not only based on human decisions but also of "structure" that may be mutual or
man-made.

Nationalist Theory
Philippine past should be writren by analyzing the situation of the mass.

Associated-Man Theory
Presents the idea of associated man, a man who interacts with nature and other men.

Documentary Sources
refers to handwritten, painted, drawn, designed and other materials

Archeological Research
refers to preserved remains of human beings, their activities and the environment where they live

Oral and Video accounts

are audio-visual documentation of people, events and places; usually recorded in video and audio
cassetes

Primary Sources
Documents, physical objects and oral video accounts made by an individual or group present at the time
and place being describe.

Secondary Sources
refers to the interpretation of people who read the works of the witnesses.

National Library
has a complete microfilm copies of the Philippines Revolutionary Records; compilation of Emilio
Aguinaldo's Revolutionary government; compilation of historical data papers.

National Archives
government institution of the Republic of the Philippines mandated to collect, store, preserve and make
available, archival records of the Government and other primary source.

National Museum
government institution in the Philippinee and serves as an educational, scientific and cultural institution
in preserving varioud permanent national collection.

Content
You must identify the main idea. Fir documents, list important points, phrases and words.

Citation
Identofy the creator and time elements like the time it is created.

Context
understand what is going on in the world, country, region or locality when the document is created.

Communication
Identify biases, prejudice of the author

Connections
You must recognize the connection of the primary source to what you already know; prior knowledge

Conclusion
you must determind the contribution of the primary source to our understanding of history; contribute
to your understanding

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

named the archipelago "Las Isalas Filipinas" in 1942 after Prince Philip, the heir of Spanish throne.

William Henry Scott

He said that some frior accounts of early seventeenth century used "Filipino" to refer to the natives
before they became indios.

Barangay
came from thr word "Balangay", an austronesian sea-going vessel

Babaylan
(VISAYAN) A local spiritual leader (obtained by female; male can be one but must dress and act as
female)

Catalonan
(TAGALOGS) A local spiritual leader (obtained by female; male can be one but must dress and act as
female)

Succession
can be hereditary or based on skills and abilitiea needee to fulfil the obligation.

Obligation
to lead the banrangay in all rituals, particularly those involving sacrifice for the local activities and spirit
to gain favors.

Deity
means "divine nature"; a supernatural being that controls or exerts force over some aspect of the world.

Babaylan
believed to have the power to transcened to the spiritual realms/world to communicate to a deity.

Animism
the belief that all natural thing such as plants, animals, rocks and thunder have spirits and can influence
human events.

Anima
means breath or life

Pantheism
the universe is to be identified with God; everything in this world is God.

Deism
God is a great architect; after creating the universe, He abondoned it and that God has nothing to do
with the world.

Atheism
They deny God's existence

Theism
God is totally separate and distinct from all of His creation yet He is actively present in all His creation.

Fray Juan de Plasencia

one of the first Franciscan missionaries in the Philippines; author of Doctrina Christiana

Las Costumbres de Los Tagalos En Filipinas

CONTENT: No temples concecrated to the perfoming of sacrifice, the adoration of their idols or the
general practice of ideology.

Simbahan
a temple or place for adoration

Pandot
A festival celebrated in the large house of chief

Badhala
all-powerful makee of all things

Animatic Worship
Worship of different elements and nature.

Tala
God that signifies beauty

Mapolon
change of seasons

Balatic
the Great Bear

Lic-ha
images with different shapes

Dian Masalanta
patrons of lovers and of generation

Lacapati and Idianale

2 Gods; patrons of the cultivated lands and husbandry

Goats, Fowls and Swine

3 objects of sacrifice

Antonio de Morga
spanish high-ranking official in the Philippines fron 1593 to 1603; author of Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas
(1609)

Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas

it covers the political, economical, social and cultural life of the Filipinos and Spaniards from 1403 to
1603; based on documentary research as well as Morga's persinal involvement and observation.

Events in the Philippine Islands

English translation of Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

Miguel de Loarca
one of the first spanish conquistadores to arrive ih the archipelago; author of Relacion de las Islas
Filipinas (1582)

Relacion de las Islas Filipinas

talks about the customs and traditions of early filipinos; layman's point of view of affairs of the natives in
the colonial era.

Yligueynes
the people of the coast who believe that heaven and earth had no beginning.

Captan and Maguayen

Yligueynes believe these two Gods

Sicalac
Man created by Captan who is called "lalac".

Sicavay
Woman created by Capton who is called "babayes"
Sibo
first son of Sicalac and Sicavay

Samar
first daughter of Sicavay and Sicalac

Pandaguan
first to invent net for fishing at sea; caught a shark and brought it to shore

Lubluban
wife of Pandaguan who became the concubine of Maracoyrun

Ressurection
The act of rising from the dead

Baylanes
Sacrfices; priestess/men who performs this office are also called as this.

Pedro Chirino
one of the well-known and devoted Jesuit missionaries of the early colonial period; author of Relacion
de las Islas Filipinas

Relacion de las Islas Filipinas

This focuses on spiritual transformation of the colony based on his experiences in the laborious
evangelical missions of the Jesuits

Bathala Mei capal

deity of tagalos; God the creator or maker

Laon
Bisayans call Bathala Mei capal which denotes antiquity.

Bathala
Tagalogs adored this blue bird which among them a term of divinity.

Crow
it bore the name of Mei lupa which signifies "master of the soil".

Nono
means grandfather

Ethnography of the Bicol People

The creation of myth of the Bicolanos

Rosario Bonto
the author of Ethnography of the Bicol people

Languit
The kingdom of the sky was under the rule of this great God

Tubigano
water was under the sovereignty of this God

Dagat
The sea; daughter of Languit; wife of Paros

Paros
The wind; son of Tubigan; husband of Dagat

Daga
a strong, possessed a body of rock; son of Paros and Dagat; became arrogant and ambitious after he
became control of the winds; his body fell into the sea and became what is now the earth.

Aldao
A jolly fellow, had a body of gold; son of Paros and Dagat; struck by lighting after following his brother
Daga to attack the kingdom of Languit.

Bulan
A copper-made man, a weakling; son of Paros and Dagat; his body melted into a ball after being struck
by a lighting.

Bitoon
Was made of pure silver; daughter of Paros and Dagat; she went out to look after her brothers but she
was also struck by lighting which broke her body into many pieces.

Bamboo tree
Tubigan planted a seed and grew into this. In its branches came a man and a woman who had 3 children.

Maisog
who invented the fish trap, caught a whale and told people to worship it; since he defied the gods
Languit struck him with lighting and stunned him.

History came from the Greek

word _____ which means to
search, look into.
 HISTORIA
Sometimes called as “lower
criticism”
 EXTERNAL CRITICISM
The following are classified as
the Primary resource EXCEPT:
 BOOKS
The history or story of a society
or group of people is rooted
from their _______, EXCEPT.
 LEGENDS AND ARTS
Looks within the data itself to
try to determine truth—facts
and “reasonable” interpretation.
It includes looking
at the apparent or possible
motives of the person providing
the data.
 INTERNAL CRITICISM
_______ are usually defined as
first-hand information or data
that is generated by witnesses or
participants in
past events.
 PRIMARY SOURCES
Sometimes called as “higher
criticism”
 INTERNAL CRITICISM
_____ is a brief summary or
result based on a factual
research and it also deals with
the sequence of important
events that is stated in the
history.
 HISTORY
Historian’s most important
research tools are ________.
 HISTORICAL
RESOURCES
________ which were produced
by an author who used primary
sources to produce the material.
In other words,
this are historical sources,
which studied a certain
historical subject.
 SECONDARY
RESOURCES
History came from the Greek
word _____ which means to
search, look into.
 HISTORIA
Sometimes called as “lower
criticism”
 EXTERNAL CRITICISM
The following are classified as
the Primary resource EXCEPT:
 BOOKS
The history or story of a society
or group of people is rooted
from their _______, EXCEPT.
 LEGENDS AND ARTS
Looks within the data itself to
try to determine truth—facts
and “reasonable” interpretation.
It includes looking
at the apparent or possible
motives of the person providing
the data.
 INTERNAL CRITICISM
_______ are usually defined as
first-hand information or data
that is generated by witnesses or
participants in
past events.
 PRIMARY SOURCES
Sometimes called as “higher
criticism”
 INTERNAL CRITICISM
_____ is a brief summary or
result based on a factual
research and it also deals with
the sequence of important
events that is stated in the
history.
 HISTORY
Historian’s most important
research tools are ________.
 HISTORICAL
RESOURCES
________ which were produced
by an author who used primary
sources to produce the material.
In other words,
this are historical sources,
which studied a certain
historical subject.
 SECONDARY
History came from the Greek
word _____ which means to
search, look into.
 HISTORIA
Sometimes called as “lower
criticism”
 EXTERNAL CRITICISM
The following are classified as
the Primary resource EXCEPT:
 BOOKS
The history or story of a society
or group of people is rooted
from their _______, EXCEPT.
 LEGENDS AND ARTS
Looks within the data itself to
try to determine truth—facts
and “reasonable” interpretation.
It includes looking
at the apparent or possible
motives of the person providing
the data.
 INTERNAL CRITICISM
_______ are usually defined as
first-hand information or data
that is generated by witnesses or
participants in
past events.
 PRIMARY SOURCES
Sometimes called as “higher
criticism”
 INTERNAL CRITICISM
_____ is a brief summary or
result based on a factual
research and it also deals with
the sequence of important
events that is stated in the
history.
 HISTORY
Historian’s most important
research tools are ________.
 HISTORICAL
RESOURCES
________ which were produced
by an author who used primary
sources to produce the material.
In other words,
this are historical sources,
which studied a certain
historical subject.
 SECONDARY
RESOURCES
History came from the Greek
word _____ which means to
search, look into.
 HISTORIA
Sometimes called as “lower
criticism”
 EXTERNAL CRITICISM
The following are classified as
the Primary resource EXCEPT:
 BOOKS
The history or story of a society
or group of people is rooted
from their _______, EXCEPT.
 LEGENDS AND ARTS
Looks within the data itself to
try to determine truth—facts
and “reasonable” interpretation.
It includes looking
at the apparent or possible
motives of the person providing
the data.
 INTERNAL CRITICISM
_______ are usually defined as
first-hand information or data
that is generated by witnesses or
participants in
past events.
 PRIMARY SOURCES
Sometimes called as “higher
criticism”
 INTERNAL CRITICISM
_____ is a brief summary or
result based on a factual
research and it also deals with
the sequence of important
events that is stated in the
history.
 HISTORY
Historian’s most important
research tools are ________.
 HISTORICAL
RESOURCES
________ which were produced
by an author who used primary
sources to produce the material.
In other words,
this are historical sources,
which studied a certain
historical subject.
 SECONDARY RESOUR