GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (GITAM)

(Deemed to be University, Estd. u/s 3 of UGC Act 1956)

VISAKHAPATNAM HYDERABAD BENGALURU
Accredited by NAAC with ‘A+’ Grade

REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS

of

B.Sc., Physical Sciences

(W.e.f 2020-21 Admitted batch)

Website: www.gitam.edu
 Bachelor of Science
(B.Sc., Physical Sciences)
REGULATIONS
(W.e.f. 2020-21 admitted batch)
ADMISSION

1.1 Admission into B.Sc. Physical Sciences program of GITAM University is governed
by GITAM University admission regulations.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

2.1. A pass in Intermediate with a minimum aggregate of 50% marks / a pass in any with
minimum aggregate of 50% marks along with Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry or
equivalent thereof.

2.2. Admission into B.Sc., Physical Sciences (Bachelor of Science -Physical Sciences)
will be based on an All India GITAM Science Admission Test (GSAT) conducted by
GITAM University and the rule of reservation, wherever applicable.

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) is introduced with effect from the admitted Batch of
2015-16 based on UGC guidelines in order to promote:
Student Centered Learning
Cafeteria approach
Inter-disciplinary learning
Learning goals/ objectives and outcomes are specified leading to what a student should be
able to do at the end of the program.

STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAM

4.1 The Program Consists of

Foundation Courses (compulsory) which give general exposure to a Student in

communication and subject related area.
Core Courses (compulsory).
Discipline centric electives which
are supportive to the discipline
give expanded scope of the subject
give their disciplinary exposure
nurture the student skills
Open electives are of general nature either related or unrelated to the discipline.
Practical Proficiency Courses, Laboratory and Project work.
4.2 Each course is assigned a certain number of credits depending upon the number of
contact hours (lectures/tutorials/practical) per week.
 4.3 In general, credits are assigned to the courses based on the following contact hours per
week per semester.
One credit for each Lecture / Tutorial hour per week.
One credit for two hours of Practical per week.
Eight credits for project.

4.4 The curriculum of the six semesters B.Sc., Physical Sciences program is designed
to have a total of 123 credits for the award of B.Sc., Physical Sciences degree.

MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

The medium of instruction (including examinations and project reports) shall be in

English.

REGISTRATION

Every student has to register himself / herself for each semester individually at the time
specified by the Institute / University.

7. ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENTS
7.1. A student whose attendance is less than 75% in all the courses put together in any
semester will not be permitted to attend that end - semester examination and he/she
will not be allowed to register for subsequent semester of study. He/she has to repeat
the semester along with his / her juniors.
7.2. However, the Vice Chancellor on the recommendation of the Principal / Director of
the Institute/School may condone the shortage of attendance to the students whose
attendance is between 66% and 74% on genuine grounds and on payment of
prescribed fee.

8. EVALUATION

8.1 The assessment of the student’s performance in a Theory course shall be based on two
components: Continuous Evaluation (40 marks) and Semester-end examination (60
marks).
8.2 A student has to secure an aggregate of 40% in the course in continuous and semester
end examinations the two components put together to be declared to have passed the
course, subject to the condition that the candidate must have secured a minimum of 24
marks (i.e. 40%) in the theory component at the semester-end examination.
8.3 Practical/ Viva voce etc. course are completely assessed under Continuous Evaluation
for a maximum of 100 marks and a student has to obtain a minimum of 40% to secure
Pass Grade. Details of Assessment Procedure are furnished below in Table 1.
Table 1: Assessment Procedure

S. Component of Marks Type of Scheme of Examination

No. assessment allotted Assessment
(i) Three mid semester examinations
1 40 Continuous shall be conducted for 15 marks each.
evaluation The performance in best two shall be
taken into consideration.
Theory (ii) 5 marks are allocated for quiz.
(iii) 5 marks are allocated for
assignments.
60 Semester-end The semester-end examination
examination shall be for a maximum of 60 marks.
Total 100

60 marks for performance, regularity,

2 Practicals 100 Continuous record/ and case study. Weightage for
evaluation each component shall be announced at
the beginning of the semester.
40 marks (30 marks for experiment(s)
and 10 marks for practical Viva-voce.)
for the test conducted at the end of the
Semester conducted by the concerned
lab Teacher.
Total 100

RETOTALING & REVALUATION

9.1 Retotaling of the theory answer script of the semester-end examination is permitted on
request by the student by paying the prescribed fee within one week after the
announcement of the results.
9.2 Revaluation of the theory answer scripts of the semester-end examination is permitted on
request by the student by paying the prescribed fee within one week after the
announcement of the result.
PROVISION FOR ANSWER BOOK VERIFICATION & CHALLENGE
EVALUATION:
10.1If a student is not satisfied with his/her grade after revaluation, the student can
apply for, answer book verification on payment of prescribed fee for each course
within one week after announcement of revaluation results.
10.2 After verification, if a student is not satisfied with revaluation marks/grade
awarded, he/she can apply for challenge valuation within one week after
announcement of answer book verification result/ two weeks after the
announcement of revaluation results, which will be valued by the two examiners i.e.,
one Internal and one External examiner in the presence of the student on payment of
prescribed fee. The challenge valuation fee will be returned, if the student is
succeeded in the appeal with a change for a better grade.
11. SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS & SPECIAL EXAMINATIONS:
11.1 The odd semester supplementary examinations will be conducted on daily basis
after conducting regular even semester examinations in April/May.
11.2 The even semester supplementary examinations will be conducted on daily basis
after conducting regular odd semester examinations during November/December
11.3 A student who has completed his/her period of study and still has “F” grade in final
semester courses is eligible to appear for Special Examination normally held during
summer vacation.

12. PROMOTION TO THE NEXT YEAR OF STUDY

12.1 A student shall be promoted to the next academic year only if he/she completes the
academic requirements of 60% of the credits till the previous academic year.
12.2 Whenever there is a change in syllabus or curriculum he/she has to continue the
course with new regulations after detention as per the equivalency established by
the BoS to continue his/her further studies.

13. BETTERMENT OF GRADES

13.1 A student who has secured only a pass or second class and desires to improve
his/her class can appear for betterment examinations only in ‘n’ (where ‘n’ is no.of
semesters of the program) theory courses of any semester of his/her choice,
conducted in summer vacation along with the Special Examinations.
13.2 Betterment of Grades is permitted ‘only once’, immediately after completion of the
program of study.
REPEAT CONTINUOUS EVALUATION:
14.1A student who has secured ‘F’ grade in a theory course shall have to reappear at
the subsequent examination held in that course. A student who has secured ‘F’
grade can improve continuous evaluation marks upto a maximum of 50% by
attending special instruction classes held during summer.
14.2A student who has secured ‘F’ grade in a practical course shall have to attend
Special Instruction classes held during summer.
14.3 A student who has secured ‘F’ grade in a combined (theory and practical) course
shall have to reappear for theory component at the subsequent examination held in
that course. A student who has secured ‘F’ grade can improve continuous
evaluation marks upto a maximum of 50% by attending special instruction classes
held during summer.
14.4 The RCE will be conducted during summer vacation for both odd and even
semester students. Student can register a maximum of 4 courses. Biometric
attendance of these RCE classes has to be maintained. The maximum marks in
RCE be limited to 50% of Continuous Evaluation marks. The RCE marks are
considered for the examination held after RCE except for final semester students.
14.5 RCE for the students who completed course work can be conducted during the
academic semester. The student can register a maximum of 4 courses at a time in
slot of 4 weeks. Additional 4 courses can be registered in the next slot.
14.6 A student is allowed to Special Instruction Classes (RCE) ‘only once’ per course.
15. GRADING SYSTEM
15.1 Based on the student performance during a given semester, a final letter grade
will be awarded at the end of the semester in each course. The letter grades and
the corresponding grade points are as given in Table 2.
Table 2: Grades & Grade Points
Sl.No. Grade Grade Points Absolute Marks
1 O (outstanding) 10 90 and above
2 A+ (Excellent) 9 80 to 89
3 A (Very Good) 8 70 to 79
4 B+ (Good) 7 60 to 69
5 B (Above Average) 6 50 to 59
6 C (Average) 5 45 to 49
7 P (Pass) 4 40 to 44
8 F (Fail) 0 Less than 40
9 Ab. (Absent) 0 -
15.2 A student who earns a minimum of 4 grade points (P grade) in a course is declared
to have successfully completed the course, subject to securing an average GPA
(average of all GPAs in all the semesters) of 5 at the end of the Program to declare
pass in the program.
Candidates who could not secure an average GPA of 5 at the end of the program
shall be permitted to reappear for a course(s) of their choice to secure the same.
16. GRADE POINT AVERAGE
16.1 A Grade Point Average (GPA) for the semester will be calculated according to
the formula:
[C*G]
GPA =
C
Where
C = number of credits for the course,
G = grade points obtained by the student in the course.

16.2 To arrive at Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), a similar formula is used
considering the student’s performance in all the courses taken, in all the semesters
up to the particular point of time.
16.3 CGPA required for classification of class after the successful completion of the
program is shown in Table 3.
 Table 3: CGPA required for award of Class

Class CGPA Required

First Class with ≥ 8.0*
Distinction
First Class ≥ 6.5
Second Class ≥ 5.5
Pass Class ≥ 5.0

* In addition to the required CGPA of 8.0 or more the student must have necessarily
passed all the courses of every semester in first attempt.

ELIGIBILITY FOR AWARD OF THE B.Sc Physical Sciences DEGREE

17.1 Duration of the program: A student is ordinarily expected to complete B.Sc

Physical Science program in six semesters of three years. However a student may
complete the program in not more than five years including study period.
However the above regulation may be relaxed by the Vice Chancellor in individual
cases for cogent and sufficient reasons.
17.2 A student shall be eligible for award of the B.Sc Physical Science Degree if he /
she fulfills all the following conditions.
Registered and successfully completed all the courses and projects if
applicable.
Successfully acquired the minimum required credits as specified in the
curriculum corresponding to the branch of his/her study within the stipulated
time.
Has no dues to the Institute, hostels, Libraries, NCC / NSS etc, and
No disciplinary action is pending against him / her.
17.3 The degree shall be awarded after approval by the Academic Council.

18. DISCRETIONARY POWER:

Not with standing anything contained in the above sections, the Vice Chancellor
may review all exceptional cases, and give his decision, which will be final and
binding.
 B.Sc., Physical Science – Scheme of Instruction
I Semester
B. Sc., Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Electronics)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of
Code Hours/week Instruction
L P 20 CE SE Total
Marks
GEL 131 Communicative English AECC 2 2 3 40 60 100

SPH 103 Mechanics CC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SPH 123 Mechanics Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 107 Basic Circuit Theory CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 127 Basic Circuits Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 101 Differential Calculus CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 121 Differential Calculus Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
B. Sc., Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of
Code Hours/ Instruction
week
L P CE SE Total
Marks
GEL 131 Communicative English AECC 2 2 3 40 60 100

SPH 101 Differential Calculus CC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SPH 121 Differential Calculus Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH 103 Mechanics CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 123 Mechanics Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 105 Atomic Structure, Bonding, General CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
Organic Chemistry & Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons
SPH 125 Atomic Structure, Bonding, General PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Organic Chemistry & Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons Lab
B. Sc.,Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of
Code Hours/week Instruction
L P CE SE Total
Marks
GEL 131 Communicative English AECC 2 2 3 40 60 100

SPH 101 Differential Calculus CC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SPH 121 Differential Calculus Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH 103 Mechanics CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 123 Mechanics Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 109 Object Oriented Programming in C++ CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 129 Object Oriented Programming in C++ PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Lab
 II Semester
B. Sc. Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Electronics)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Code Hours/week
L P 20 CE SE Total
Marks
SFC 102 Environmental Science AECC 3 0 2 40 60 100
SPH 104 Waves and Optics CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 122 Waves and Optics Lab PPC 0 4 2 10 -- 100
0
SPH 108 Electronic Devices & Circuits CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 126 Electronic Devices & Circuits Lab PPC 0 4 2 10 -- 100
0
SPH 102 Differential Equations CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 120 Differential Equations Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 10 -- 100
0
B. Sc., Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Code Hours/week
L P CE SE Total
Marks
SFC 102 Environmental Science AECC 3 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH 104 Waves and Optics CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 122 Waves and Optics Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 106 Chemical Energetics, Equilibria & CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
Functional Organic Chemistry
SPH 124 Chemical Energetics, Equilibria & PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Functional Organic Chemistry Lab
SPH 102 Differential Equations CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 120 Differential Equations Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
B. Sc. Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Code Hours/week
L P CE SE Total
Marks
SFC 102 Environmental Science AECC 3 0 2 40 60 100
SPH 104 Waves and Optics CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 122 Waves and Optics Lab PPC 0 4 2 10 -- 100
0
SPH 102 Differential Equations CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 120 Differential Equations Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 10 -- 100
0
SPH 110 Data Structures And File Processing CC 4 0 4 40 60
100
SPH 128 Data Structures And File Processing PPC 0 4 2 10 -- 100
Lab 0
 III SEMESTER
B. Sc. Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics , Electronics)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Code Hours/week
L P 22 CE SE Total
Marks
SPH 203 Thermal Physics and Statistical CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
Mechanics
SPH 223 Thermal Physics and Statistical PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Mechanics Lab
SPH 207 Digital Electronics CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 227 Digital Electronics Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 201 Real Analysis CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 221 Real Analysis Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SFC203 English for Communication– II AECC 3 0 2 40 60 100
Choose any one
SSE 271 Physics Workshop Skill SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 273 Basic analytical chemistry SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 275 Logic and sets SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 277 Computer Graphics SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
 III SEMESTER
B. Sc., Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics ,Chemistry)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Code Hours/week
L P CE SE Total
Marks
SPH 203 Thermal Physics and Statistical CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
Mechanics
SPH 223 Thermal Physics and Statistical PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Mechanics Lab
SPH 205 Solutions, phase equilibrium, CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
conductance, electro chemistry &
functional group organic chemistry-II
SPH 225 Solutions, phase equilibrium, PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
conductance, electro chemistry &
functional group organic chemistry-II
Lab
SPH 201 Real Analysis CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 221 Real Analysis Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SFC203 English for Communication– II AECC 3 0 2 40 60 100
Choose any one
SSE 271 Physics Workshop Skill SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 273 Basic analytical chemistry SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 275 Logic and sets SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 277 Computer Graphics SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
 III SEMESTER
B. Sc., Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Code Hours/week
L P CE SE Total
Marks
SPH 203 Thermal Physics and Statistical CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
Mechanics
SPH 223 Thermal Physics and Statistical PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Mechanics Lab
SPH 201 Real Analysis CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 221 Real Analysis Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH 209 Design and Analysis of Algorithms CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 229 Design and Analysis of Algorithms PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Lab
SFC203 English for Communication– II AECC 3 0 2 40 60 100
Choose any one
SSE 271 Physics Workshop Skill SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 273 Basic analytical chemistry SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 275 Logic and sets SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100

SSE 277 Computer Graphics SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100

 IV SEMESTER
B. Sc., Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics , Electronics)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Code Hours/week
L P 20 CE SE Total
Marks
SPH 204 Electricity & Magnetism CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 222 Electricity & Magnetism Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 208 Analog & Digital IC Applications CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 226 Analog & Digital IC Applications PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Lab
SPH 202 Algebra CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 220 Algebra Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SSE 272 Radiation safety SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 274 Chemical technology & society SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 276 Vector calculus SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 278 Number theory SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 280 E-Commerce SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
 IV SEMESTER
B. Sc., Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics,Chemistry)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Code Hours/week
L P CE SE Total
Marks
SPH 204 Electricity & Magnetism CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 222 Electricity & Magnetism Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 206 Coordination chemistry, states of CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
matter & chemical kinetics
SPH 224 Coordination chemistry, states of PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
matter & chemical kinetics Lab
SPH 202 Algebra CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 220 Algebra Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SSE 272 Radiation safety SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 274 Chemical technology & society SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 276 Vector calculus SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 278 Number theory SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100

SSE 280 E-Commerce SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100

 IV SEMESTER
B. Sc., Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science)
Course Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Code Hours/week
L P CE SE Total
Marks
SPH 204 Electricity & Magnetism CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 222 Electricity & Magnetism Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 202 Algebra CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 220 Algebra Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH 210 Operating Systems CC 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 228 Operating Systems Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SSE 272 Radiation safety SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 274 Chemical technology & society SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 276 Vector calculus SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 278 Number theory SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 280 E-Commerce SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
 V SEMESTER
B. Sc. Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Electronics)
Course Code Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Hours/week
L P 20 CE SE Total
Marks
Choose any one
SPH 351* Elements of Modern Physics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 355** Electronic Devices and Circuits DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 357*** Materials Science DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (*corresponding to theory
course)
SPH321* Modern Physics lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH325** Electronic Devices & circuits PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Lab
SPH347*** Materials Science Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH371 Microprocessors (Intel 8085) DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH373 Electronic communications DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH375 Consumer electronics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
$
Choose any one ( corresponding to theory
course)
SPH 327$ Microprocessors lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 329$$ Electronic communications lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 331 $$$ Consumer electronics lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH361 Matrices DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH363 Statics & Dynamics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH365 Linear Algebra DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one ( @ corresponding to theory
course)
SPH333@ Matrices Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH335@@ Statics & Dynamics Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH337@@@ Linear Algebra Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SSE 371 Applied Optics SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 373 Pharmaceutical chemistry SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 375 Theory of Equations SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 377 Probability and Statistics SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 379 Combinatorial Optimization SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
 V SEMESTER
B. Sc., Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics ,Chemistry)
Course Code Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of
Hours/week Instruction
L P CE SE Total
Marks
Choose any one
SPH 351* Elements of Modern Physics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 355*** Electronic Devices and Circuits DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 357** Materials Science DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (*corresponding to theory course)
SPH321* Modern Physics lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH325** Electronic Devices & circuits Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH347*** Materials Science Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH381 Analytical methods in chemistry DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH383 Green chemistry DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (# corresponding to theory course)
SPH 339# Analytical methods in chemistry PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
lab
SPH 341## Green chemistry lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH361 Matrices DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH363 Statics & Dynamics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH365 Linear Algebra DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (@ corresponding to theory course)
SPH333@ Matrices Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH335@@ Statics & Dynamics Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH337@@@ Linear Algebra Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SSE 371 Applied Optics SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 373 Pharmaceutical chemistry SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 375 Theory of Equations SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 377 Probability and Statistics SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 379 Combinatorial Optimization SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
 V SEMESTER
B. Sc., Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science)
Course Code Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Hours/week
L P CE SE Total
Marks
Choose any one
SPH 351* Elements of Modern Physics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 355** Electronic Devices and Circuits DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 357*** Materials Science DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (*corresponding to theory course)
SPH321* Modern Physics lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH325** Electronic Devices & circuits PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Lab
SPH347*** Materials Science Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH361 Matrices DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH363 Statics & Dynamics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH365 Linear Algebra DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
@
Choose any one ( corresponding to theory
course)
SPH333@ Matrices Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH335@@ Statics & Dynamics Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH337 @@@ Linear Algebra Tutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH391 Data Mining DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH393 Cryptography DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
&
Choose any one ( corresponding to theory course)
SPH343& Data Mining Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH345&& Cryptography Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SSE 371 Applied Optics SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 373 Pharmaceutical chemistry SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SSE 375 Theory of Equations SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100

SSE 377 Probability and Statistics SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100

SSE 379 Combinatorial Optimization SEC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
 VI SEMESTER
B. Sc. Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Electronics)
Course Code Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Hours/week
L P 21 CE SE Total
Marks
Choose any one
SPH 352* Digital and Analog Electronics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 356** Electronic Communications DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 358*** Solid State and Nuclear Physics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (*corresponding to theory course)
SPH320*** Solid State and Nuclear Physics lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH322* Digital and Analog Electronics Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH326** Electronic Communications Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH372 Microcontrollers& Applications DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH374 VLSI Design DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH376 Mathematical methods and analysis DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Using MATLAB
Choose any one ( $ corresponding to theory course)
SPH 328$ Microcontrollers & Applications Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 330$$ VLSI design Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH 332$$$ MATLAB PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH362 Numerical methods DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH364 Complex analysis DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH366 Linear programming DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (@ corresponding to theory course)
SPH334@ Numerical methodsTutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH336@@ Complex analysisTutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH338@@@ Linear programmingTutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100

SPH392 Minor Project: (From Mathematics PPC 0 6 3 100 - 100

/Physics/Electronics)
 VI SEMESTER
B. Sc. Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry)
Course Code Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Hours/week
L P CE SE Total
Marks
Choose any one
SPH 352* Digital and Analog Electronics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 356** Electronic Communications DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 358*** Solid State and Nuclear Physics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (*corresponding to theory course)
SPH320*** Solid State and Nuclear Physics Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH322* Digital and Analog Electronics Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH326** Electronic Communications Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH 352* Digital and Analog Electronics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 354** Nuclear and Solid State Physics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 356*** Electronic Communications DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (*corresponding to theory course)
SPH322* Digital and Analog Electronics Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH324** Nuclear and solid state physics lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH326*** Electronic Communications Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH382 Industrial chemicals and environment DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH384 Instrumental methods of analysis DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (# corresponding to theory course)
SPH 340# Industrial chemicals and environment PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Lab
SPH 342## Instrumental methods of analysis Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH362 Numerical methods DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH364 Complex analysis DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH366 Linear programming DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (@ corresponding to theory course)
SPH334@ Numerical methodsTutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH336@@ Complex analysisTutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH338@@@ Linear programmingTutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100

SPH392 Minor Project: (From Mathematics PPC 0 6 3 100 - 100

/Physics/ Chemistry)
 VI SEMESTER
B. Sc. Physical Science (Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science)
Course Code Subject Category Instruction Credits Scheme of Instruction
Hours/week
L P CE SE Total
Marks
Choose any one
SPH 352* Digital and Analog Electronics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 356** Electronic Communications DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH 358*** Solid State and Nuclear Physics DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
Choose any one (*corresponding to theory course)
SPH320*** Solid State and Nuclear Physics PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Lab
SPH322* Digital and Analog Electronics PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Lab
SPH326** Electronic Communications Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH362 Numerical methods DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH364 Complex analysis DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH366 Linear programming DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
@
Choose any one ( corresponding to theory course)
SPH334@ Numerical methodsTutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH336@@ Complex analysisTutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
SPH338 @@@ Linear programmingTutorial PPC 2 0 2 100 -- 100
Choose any one
SPH392 Information security DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH394 Database applications DSE 4 0 4 40 60 100
SPH396 Computer networks
Choose any one (&corresponding to theory course)
SPH344& Information security Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH346 && Database applications Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100
SPH348&& Computer networks Lab PPC 0 4 2 100 -- 100

SPH392 Minor Project: (From Mathematics PPC 0 6 3 100 - 100

/Physics/Computers)
 B.Sc., Physical Science
SEMESTER-I
GEL131 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH
Hours per week: End Examination: 60
2(L) + 2(P) MarksSessionals: 40 M
Credits: 3
Preamble
The course is a unified approach to enhance language skills of learners with an aim to hone their social skills
and to increase their employability. The course is designed to acquaint the learners with the necessary LSRW
(Listening/ Speaking / Reading/ Writing) skills needed either for recruitment or further studies abroad for
which they attempt international exams like TOEFL, IELTS and GRE. It enables the learners improve their
communication skills which are crucial in an academic environment as well as professional and personal
lives.
Course Objectives

⮚ To enable learners to develop listening skills for better comprehension of academic presentations,
lectures and speeches.

⮚ To hone the speaking skills of learners by engaging them in various activities such as just a minute
(JAM), group discussions, oral presentations, and role plays.

⮚ To expose learners to key Reading techniques such as Skimming and Scanning for comprehension of
different texts.

⮚ To acquaint the learners with effective strategies of paragraph and essay writing, and formal
correspondence such as email, letters and resume.

⮚ To provide learners with the critical impetus necessary to forge a path in an academic environment, in
the professional life and in an increasingly complex, interdependent world.

UNIT I
LISTENING: Listening for gist and specific information
SPEAKING: Introducing self and others; Developing fluency through JAM
READING: Skimming for gist and Scanning for specific information
WRITING: Paragraph writing-writing coherent and cohesive paragraph (narrative and descriptive); use of
appropriate Punctuation.
GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY: Articles &Prepositions;
Word Families (Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs; Prefixes and Suffixes)
Learning Outcomes:

After completion of this unit, the learners will be able to

⮚ Apply the requisite listening skills and comprehend at local and global level. (L4 and L2) (L5)
⮚ Introduce themselves with accurate structure in diverse social and professional contexts. (L3)
⮚ Apply relevant reading strategies for comprehension of any given text(L3)
⮚ Write a paragraph using cohesive devices maintaining coherence (L3)
⮚ Understand the Use of Articles and Prepositions, and apply appropriately for meaningful
communication (L3)
Understand the relevance of various categories in word family and apply them meaningfully in context (L3)
UNIT II
LISTENING: Listening for Note taking and Summarizing
SPEAKING: Role plays and Oral Presentations.
READING: Intensive Reading-Reading for implicit meaning
WRITING: Note making and summarizing
GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY: Verb forms-Tenses; synonyms to avoid repetition in speech and writing.
Learning Outcomes:

After completion of this unit, the learners will be able to

⮚ Employ note taking and summarizing strategies to comprehend the listening text (L2)
⮚ Use strategies for successful and relevant oral presentation (L3, L4)
⮚ Demonstrate effective communication skills by applying turn-taking and role distribution techniques
for meaningful and contextual Speaking (L3 and L4)
⮚ Apply various reading strategies imbibing inferential and extrapolative comprehension of any given
text. (L2, L3)
⮚ Apply various note-making techniques while comprehending the reading text to present a complete
and concise set of structured notes (, L3, L4, L5)
⮚ Apply the notes to draft a summary (L3)
⮚ Use correct tense forms and appropriate structures in speech and written communication (L3)
⮚ Context specific use of Prefixes and Suffixes for meaningful communication (L3)

UNIT III
LISTENING: Listening for presentation strategies: introducing the topic, organization of ideas, conclusion.
SPEAKING: Aided presentations
READING: Inferring using textual clues
WRITING: Formal Letter and Email writing
GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY: Active and Passive Voice; linkers and discourse markers.
Learning Outcomes:

After completion of this unit, the learners will be able to

⮚ Notice and understand effective listening strategies to identify discourse markers in presentations.
(L1, L2)
⮚ Make formal oral presentations using effective strategies such as audio – visual aids (L3)
⮚ Infer meaning and inter – relatedness of ideas (L4)
⮚ Understand relevant structures and draft formal letters in suitable format (L3, L4)
⮚ Construct relevant sentences in active and passive voice for meaningful communication (L2, L3)
⮚ Comprehend and apply available vocabulary items relevant to the context (L1, L2, L3)

UNIT IV
LISTENING: Listening for labeling-maps, graphs, tables, illustrations
SPEAKING: Aided group presentation using charts, graphs etc.
READING: Reading for identification of facts and opinions
WRITING: Information transfer (writing a brief report based on information from graph/chart/table)
GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY: Subject-verb agreement; language for comparison and contrast;
Antonyms
Learning Outcomes:

After completion of this unit, the learners will be able to

■ Match visual and auditory inputs and use the information comprehensively and will adequately
demonstrate important relationships or patterns between data points (L2)
■ choose and coordinate resources appropriate to context and speak intelligibly (L3, L4)
■ Develop advanced reading skills for analytical and extrapolative comprehension (L4, L5)
■ Make decisions on arrangement of ideas and transfer them from visual to verbal form using context
appropriate structure. (L3, L4)

■ Demonstrate ability to use task specific grammatically correct structures (L3)

Comprehend and use expressions for negation/contradiction ((L2, L3)
UNIT V
LISTENING: Listening to discussions for opinions
SPEAKING: Group Discussion
READING: Reading for inferences
WRITING: Guided Essay Writing (argumentative)

GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY: Editing short texts: correcting common errors in grammar and
usage; Action verbs for fluency and effective writing.

Learning Outcomes:

After completion of this unit, the learners will be able to

⮚ Apply analytical and problem-solving strategies to identify and interpret facts and opinions from a
dialogue. (L3)
⮚ Able to administer group dynamics to contribute valid ideas to a discussion with clarity and precision
(L3)
⮚ Demonstrate techniques to analyze contextual clues(L4)
⮚ Compare and correlate ideas and facts to produce an organized essay with adequate supporting
evidences (L4, L5)
⮚ Organize the available structural/grammatical knowledge and apply them in a real time context (L3)

⮚ Comprehend meaning for new words/phrases used and apply them in a new context. (L2, L3)

Course Outcomes
By the end of the course, the learners will be able to:
⮚ Think critically, analytically, creatively and communicate confidently in English in social and
professional contexts with improved skills of fluency and accuracy.
⮚ Write grammatically correct sentences employing appropriate vocabulary suitable to different
contexts.

⮚ Comprehend and analyze different academic texts.

⮚ Make notes effectively and handle academic writing tasks such as Paragraph writing and Essay
writing.

⮚ Effectively handle formal correspondence like e-mail drafting and letter writing .

Reference Books:

1.Arosteguy, K.O. and Bright, A. and Rinard, B.J. and Poe, M. A Student's Guide to Academic and
Professional Writing in Education, UK, Teachers College Press,2019

2.Raymond Murphy, English Grammar in Use A Self-Study Reference and Practice Book for Intermediate
Learners of English : Cambridge University Press;2019

3.Peter Watkins, Teaching and Developing Reading Skills: UK, CUP, 2018

4.Deeptha Achar et al. Basic of Academic Writing. (1and 2) parts New Delhi: Orient BlackSwan. (2012&
2013).

5.Kumar S and Lata P, Communication Skills: New Delhi Oxford University Press, 2015
 B.Sc., Physical Science
SEMESTER –I SPH
103: Mechanics

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: To introduce operators, simple coordinate systems and its relevance to
particles, rigid bodies and extending to strings and bars. Introductory
aspects of relativity were realized for energy and mass relation
Objective: The student will determine equation of motion for systems and rigid
bodies with concepts of scalar and vector fields. Understand new concepts
like Fourier coefficients and special theory of relativity.

UNIT -I
Vector Analysis
Scalar and vector fields, gradient of a scalar field and its physical significance. Divergence
and curl of a vector field with derivations and physical interpretation. Vector integration (line,
surface and volume), Statement and proof of Gauss and Stokes theorems., Cartesian,
Curvillinear and Spherical coordinate systems.
Learning Outcomes:
To understand the significance of scalar and vector fields with its application to line,
surface and volume elements (L2)
Make use of different coordinate systems.(L3)
UNIT – II
Mechanics of particles
Laws of motion, motion of variable mass system, motion of a rocket. Conservation of energy
and momentum, Collisions in two and three dimensions, Concept of impact parameter,
scattering cross-section, Rutherford scattering-derivation.
Learning Outcomes:
To outline the equation of system of particles corresponding to variable mass as
consequence of conservation of energy and momentum(L2).
To interpret types of collision in two and three dimensions with its implications to atomic
system in determination of respective parameters(L5)
UNIT - III
Mechanics of Rigid bodies:
Definition of rigid body, rotational kinematic relations, equation of motion for a rotating
body, angular momentum, Euler equation, precession of a top. Gyroscope, precession of the
equinoxes.
Complex vibrations
Fourier theorem and evaluation of the Fourier coefficients, Fourier analysis of - square wave,
triangular wave, saw tooth wave.
Learning Outcomes:
To develop equation of motion for rotational system and determination of energy for rigid
body rotating about an axis. (L3)
Construct Euler equation of motion and its application to top and gyroscope.(L3)
Solve Fourier coefficient and its determination to complex vibrations.(L3)
UNIT IV
Vibrating strings and Bars
Transverse wave propagation and velocity along a stretched string, Energy transport and
transverse impedance. Longitudinal vibrations in bars-wave equation and its general solution.
Special cases i) bar fixed at both ends ii) bar fixed at the midpoint iii) bar free at both ends iv)
bar fixed at one end.

Learning Outcomes:
To analyze of energy and impedance for stretching string in transverse mode of
propagation(L4).
To classify longitudinal vibration in bars with its general solution(L2)
Unit V
Introduction to Relativity
Frame of reference, Galilian transformations, Galilian invariance, Postulates of Special
Theory of Relativity, Lorentz transformations of space and time(Qualitative), Length
contraction. Time dilation. Relativistic addition of velocities. Variation of mass with velocity,
Einstein’s Mass energy relation.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Introduce the concept of relative terms like rest and motion.(L2)
2.Understanding the postulates of special theory of relativity with emphasis of length
contraction and time dilation(L2)
Course Outcomes:
On completion of the course, the student is able to
Applying different type of operators and understanding coordinate systems(L2 and
L3)
Understand motion of particles and interpret its conservation laws(L2 and L5)
Realize rigid bodies for its equation of motion(L3)
Analyze equation of motion of strings and bars(L4)
Understand the concept of relativity(L2)

Text Books:
B.Sc Physics Vol.1, Telugu Academy, Hyderabad
Mechanics & Properties of Matter, J.C. Upadhyaya, Himalaya Publishing
House,Mumbai, 2015.
Unified Physics Vol.1, Mechanics, Waves & Oscillations, S.L.Gupta and Sanjeev Gupta,
Jai Prakash Nath& Co., Meerut
Reference Books:
Fundamentals of Physics Vol. I - Resnick-Halliday-Krane ,Wiley India 2007
College Physics-I. T. Bhimasankaram and G. Prasad. Himalaya Publishing House.
University Physics-FW Sears, MW Zemansky& HD Young, Narosa Publications,
Delhi
Mechanics, S.G.Venkatachalapathy, Margham Publication, 2003
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –I

SPH 123: Mechanics Lab

Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

Preamble: Determination and analyzing physical constants

Objective: To find Physical constants and analyze for its accuracy

List of Experiments

Determination of ‘g’ by compound/bar pendulum

Determination of the force constant of spring.
Time period of simple pendulum(L-T and L-T2 graph)
Verification of laws of vibrations of stretched string –sonometer
Determination of velocity of transverse wave along a stretched string-sonometer
Determination of frequency of a electrically driven tuning fork –Melde’s experiment.
Rigidity modulus of material of a wire-dynamic method (torsional pendulum)
Fly-wheel
Determination of Y of bar(metal Scale) –cantilever.
Simple pendulum normal distribution of errors-estimation of time period and the error
of the mean by statistical analysis

Course Outcomes:

Enable to determine physical constants estimate with illustration (L4 and L5)
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –I

SPH 101: Differential Calculus

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: Differential Calculus provides information about limits, continuity,
differentiation and partial differentiation. The focus of the course is to study the limits and
continuity, applications of partial differentiation, tracing of curves in Cartesian coordinates
and Polar coordinates and mean value theorem on differentiation.

Objective: To introduce
Basic properties of continuity and differentiation
Partial differentiation and application of Euler’s theorem
Tracing of curves and to find tangents and normals
Rolle’s theorem and mean value theorem
Expansion of the function using taylor’s series and Maclaurin’s series

UNIT-I
Limit and Continuity (ε and δ definition), Types of discontinuities, Differentiability of
functions, Successive differentiation, Leibnitz’s theorem.
Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Define the basic properties of limits and continuity
Explain different types of discontinuities
Define differentiability of functions and successive differentiation

UNIT-II
Partial differentiation, Euler’s theorem on homogeneous functions.
Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Define partial differentiation
Evaluate problems on partial differentiation
Apply Euler’s theorem on homogeneous functions with the help of partial differentiation

UNIT-III
Tangents and normals, Curvature, Asymptotes, Singular points, Tracing of curves, Parametric
representation of curves and tracing of parametric curves, Polar coordinates and tracing of
curves in polar coordinates.

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Define tangents and normals
Explain curvature and asymptotes
Trace the parametric curves
Define polar coordinates
UNIT-IV
Rolle’s theorem, Mean Value theorems, Taylor’s theorem with Lagrange’s and Cauchy’s
forms of remainder
Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Explain Rolle’s theorem with an application
Explain mean value theorems with some examples
Evaluate Taylor’s theorem with Lagrange’s and Cauch’s forms of remainder

UNIT-V
Taylor’s series, Maclaurin’s series of sin x, cos x, ex, log(l+x), (l+x) m, Maxima and
Minima, Indeterminate forms.

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Explain Taylor’s series
Explain Maclaurin’s series
Evaluate Maxima and minima of a function

Text Books :

Elements of Real Analysis , Shanthi Narayan and Dr. M.D. Raisinghania,S.Chand& Co.
A Text Book of B.Sc. Mathematics Volume-II , V.Venkateswara Rao , N Krishna Murthy,
B.V.S.S. Sarma and S. Anjaneya Sastry, S.Chand& Co.
Calculus Single Variable, Howard Anton, Irl Bivens and Stephen Davis,

Calculus and Analytic Geometry, George B. Thomas, Jr. and Ross L. Finney,
Pearson Education, 2007, 9th edition.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –I

SPH 121 Differential Calculus Tutorials

Hours per week: 2 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

Problems on Limits and Continuity

Problems on Partial differentiation

Problems on Euler’s theorem

Problems on Tangents and normals

Tracing of curves

Problems on Rolle’s theorm

Problems on Mean value theorems

Problems on Taylor’s theorem

Problems on Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series

Problems on Maxima and Minima

Course Learning Outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

Evaluate limits and continuity of a function

Solve problems on partial differentiation
Explain applications of Rolle’s theorem, Mean value theorems, Taylor’s and
Maclaurin’s series
Define maxima and minima of functions
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –I

SPH 107: Basic Circuit Theory

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks

Preamble: Understanding of Basics of Electronic Circuits and mathematical and

graphical solutions to Electrical Circuits.
Objective: To explain the basics of Circuit theory and circuit analysis

UNIT -I
A.C Circuit Fundamentals
The sinusoidal voltage and current-Average and R.M.S values- phasor representation- T
operator, polar and rectangular forms of complex numbers, AC applied to RC, RL and
RLC circuits, concept of impedance-power factor in a.c circuits, numerical problems.
Passive Networks
Concept of ideal as well as practical voltage and current sources, Regulation
Kirchhoff's current
law – Kirchhoff’s voltage law - Method of solving A.C and D.C circuits by Kirchhoff's laws -
Loop analysis - Nodal analysis - numerical problems.
Learning Outcomes:
Understanding of the fundamentals of AC, generation of AC and impedance of a circuit
Able to solve the currents and voltages in resistive circuit using nodal and mesh analysis
methods

UNIT - II
Network Theorems
Maximum power transfer theorem -Super position theorem - Thevenin's theorem -
Norton's theorem -Milliman theorem-Reciprocity theorem- problem solving applications
for all the theorems.
Learning Outcomes:
⮚Ā⮚Ā Understand the distribution of currents and voltages in electrical circuits
⮚Ā⮚Ā Able to apply network theorems to solve the resultant currents and voltages in
circuit

UNIT - III
RC And RL Circuits
Transient response of RL and RC circuits with step input, Time constants. Frequency
response
of RC and RL circuits, their action as low pass and high pass filters. Passive differentiating
and
integrating circuits .numerical problems.
Learning Outcomes:
Understand the Switching characteristics of reactive components like Capacitors and
Inductors
Understanding the Frequency response of RL and RC networks and their functioning as
Filters and wave shaping networks and also able to solve the numerical problems
UNIT - IV
Resonance in Electric Circuits
Resonance in series and parallel R- L- C circuits .Resonant frequency, Q-
factor,Bandwidth, selectivity, Comparison of series and parallel resonance, Tank circuit-
LCoscillations. Numerical problems.
Learning Outcomes:
Understand the concept of electrical Resonance and their applications
Able to analyze the RLC circuit and obtain graphical solutions for the Resonance of a
circuit

UNIT - V
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
CRT and its working, Electron gun, electrostatic andmagnetostatic deflections. Deflection
sensitivity, Fluoroscent screen, CRO block diagram, Measurement of voltage, frequency
and phase, Function generator-Block diagram and its description.
Learning Outcomes:
Understand the basic working principle and internal blocks of CRO Instrument
Basic understanding of measurement of voltage, current, frequency and phase of
waveforms

Course Outcomes:

Understanding of How to generate AC and List the parameters and recall the concept
of impedance (L1).
Apply the concept of Kirchhoff laws to solve the circuit currents and make use of
network theorems (L3).
Understand what is the time response of RC networks and apply to solve the
transient analysis problems (L1 and L3)
Analysis of RLC series and parallel circuit, understand the frequency selection
circuit and Compare series and parallel resonance (L4 and L5)
Understanding of How the CRO works and make use of CRO for measuring
the frequency voltage and phase of AC (L1 and L3)

Text Books:

Electric circuits by David A. Bell 7thedition Oxford higher education

Robert L Boylestad, "Introductory circuit analysis”, Universal Book Stall Fifth
edition,2003.
Circuit analysis byP.Gnanasivam-Pearson education.

References:

Networks, lines&fields by Ryder-PHI

Circuits and Networks-A.Sudhakar and Shyammohan-TMH
Unified electronics (Circuit analysis and electronic devices) by Agarwal-Arora.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –I
SPH 127: Basic Circuits Lab

Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

Preamble: Understand and realize the working of Instruments and Measurement of

Voltages and currents in the electrical Circuits and results analysis. To
Objective: Design and analyze the electrical circuits.

List of Experiments

Measurement of D.C & A.C voltage, frequency using CRO.

Thevenin’s theorem - Verification.

Norton’s theorem - Verification.

Maximum power transfer theorem - Verification.

CR Circuit - Frequency response ( Low pass and High pass)

LR Circuit- Frequency response ( Low pass and High pass)

LCR Series resonance circuit - frequency response, Determination of Q and Band width

LCR parallel resonance circuit - frequency response, Determination of Q and Band width.

Verification of Kirchhof”s laws.

Course Outcomes:
Understand How Filters work, classify the filters Distinguish the high pass, low pass
filters and Series and parallel resonance (L1, L2 and L3).
Make use of CRO for the AC measurements and apply the Kirchhoff’s laws and
Network theorems to solve the currents and voltages (L3).
Analyze the electrical circuits using network theorems (L4).
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –I
SPH 105: Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry & Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons
Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks
Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: The students of undergraduate program in science in Chemistry need to be
conversant with the various fields off chemistry. Therefore, one module each on in general,
physical and organic chemistry is introduced which helps the student familiarize with the
concepts of chemistry essential for allied and interdisciplinary fields of science.
Objective: To introduce the concepts of general chemistry. The students will be
conversant with the chemistry of all the elements that is closely knitted with analytical
chemistry, physical chemistry and organic chemistry.

Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-1

UNIT-I
Atomic Structure: Review of: Bohr’s theory and its limitations, dual behaviour of matterand
radiation, de Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle..
What is Quantum mechanics? Time independent Schrodinger equation and meaning of
various terms in it.Significance of ψ and ψ2, Schrödinger equation for hydrogen
atom.graphical representation of 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d orbitals. Significance of quantum
numbers, orbital angular momentum and quantum numbers ml and ms. Shapes of s, p and d
atomic orbitals, nodal planes.
Rules for filling electrons in various orbitals, Electronic configurations of the atoms.Stability
of half-filled and completely filled orbitals, concept of exchange energy.Relative energies of
atomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic configurations.
Learning Outcomes
The student will learn about the fundamental assumptions of atomic theory and explain the
composition of atoms including electronic configuration.
UNIT-II
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. Energy considerations in
ionicbonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context of
stability and solubility of ionic compounds.Statement of Born-Landé equation for calculation
of lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power and polarizability.
Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond moment, dipole moment and
percentage ionic character.
Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basisof
VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar,
tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements.
MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their
characteristics for s-s, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combination
of orbitals, MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules of 1st and 2nd periods
(including idea of s- p mixing) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules such as CO, NO and
NO+.

Learning Outcomes
The students will learn about ionic, covalent bonding in molecules . compare/contrast the
properties of molecular and ionic compounds.
UNIT-III
Section B: Organic Chemistry-1
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Physical Effects, Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance
and Hyperconjugation. Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis.
Structure, shape and reactivity of organic molecules: Nucleophiles and electrophiles.
Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions and free radicals.
Strength of organic acids and bases: Comparative study with emphasis on factors affecting
pK values. Aromaticity: Benzenoids and Hückel’s rule.
Learning Outcomes
The students learn about the fundamental concepts of reaction mechanism, reactive species in
organic chemistry and concept of aromaticity.

UNIT-IV
Stereochemistry
Conformations with respect to ethane, butane and cyclohexane.Interconversion of Wedge
Formula, Newmann, Sawhorse and Fischer representations.Concept of chirality (upto two
carbon atoms). Configuration: Geometrical and Optical isomerism; Enantiomerism,
Diastereomerism and Meso compounds). Threo and erythro; D and L; cis - trans
nomenclature; CIP Rules: R/ S (for upto 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E / Z Nomenclature (for
upto two C=C systems).
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be
studied.
Alkanes: (Upto 5 Carbons).Preparation:Catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction,
Kolbe’ssynthesis, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: Free radical Substitution: Halogenation.
Learning Outcomes
The student shall learn the essential concepts of chirality, configuration, isomerism in organic
chemistry and nomenclature of isomers.
Students ill familiarize with the elementary concept of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons an
reactions
UNIT- V
Alkenes: (Upto 5 Carbons)Preparation:Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes
anddehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’s rule); cis alkenes (Partial catalytic
hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch reduction). Reactions: cis-addition (alk. KMnO4) and
trans-addition (bromine), Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s
addition), Hydration, Ozonolysis.
Alkynes: (Upto 5 Carbons)Preparation:Acetylene from CaC2and conversion into
higheralkynes; by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal-
dihalides.
Reactions: formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline
KMnO4,ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alk. KMnO4.
Learning Outcomes
The students will learn synthetic reactions, mechanism and properties of aromatic alcohol,
aromatic and aliphatic ether, aldehydes and ketones.
Reference Books:
Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry ELBS, 1991.
Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G. & Gaus, P.L. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed., Wiley.
Huheey, J.E., Keiter, E.A., Keiter, R.L. & Medhi, O.K. Inorganic
Chemistry:Principles of Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Education India, 2006.
McMurry, J.E. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7th
Ed. Cengage Learning India Edition, 2013.
Sykes, P. A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry,
Orient Longman, New Delhi (1988).
Eliel, E.L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, Tata McGraw Hill education,
2000.
Finar, I.L. Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E.L.B.S.
Morrison, R.T. & Boyd, R.N. Organic Chemistry, Pearson, 2010.
Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –I
SPH 125: Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry & Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons Lab
Hours per week: 4 Continous Evaluation:100 Marks
Credits: 2

Preamble: The students of undergraduate program in science in Chemistry need to be

conversant with the various basic methodologies of chemistry. Therefore, one module each on
in inorganic, physical and organic chemistry is introduced which helps the student familiarize
with the techniques essential for developing the foundation of practical chemistry

Objective: To make student develop the fundamental skill required for quantitative and
qualitative analysis in inorganic and organic chemistry.
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry - Volumetric Analysis

Estimation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture.

Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO4.
Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO4.
Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K2Cr2O7 using internal indicator.
Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na2S2O3.
Learning Outcomes
The student will learn about the quantitative analysis concepts of redox chemistry

Section B: Organic Chemistry

1.Detection of extra elements (N, S, Cl, Br, I) in organic compounds (containing upto two
extra elements)
Separation of mixtures by Chromatography: Measure the Rf value in each case
(combination of two compounds to be given)
Identify and separate the components of a given mixture of 2 amino acids (glycine,
aspartic
acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine or any other amino acid) by paper chromatography Identify
and separate the sugars present in the given mixture by paper chromatography.

Learning Outcomes
The students will familiarize the concept of qualitative element detection in organic
chemistry essential for functional group analysis. The students will also the elementary idea
of the techniques of planar chromatography

Reference Books:
Svehla, G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.
Mendham, J. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson, 2009.
Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G.,
Textbookof Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.
Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman, 1960.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –I
SPH 109: Object Oriented Programming in C++

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: C++ is a general purpose programming language and widely used now a days for
competitive programming. It has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming
features. C++ runs on lots of platform like Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac etc.
Objective:
To develop logic through algorithms and flowcharts.
To understand the difference between procedure oriented programming and object
oriented programming.
To learn the basic concepts , applications of OOPS and practice of object oriented analysis
and design in the construction of robust, maintainable programs which satisfy their
requirements;
To develop the ability to implement features of object oriented programming to solve real
world problems using Inheritance, data abstraction, encapsulation and Polymorphism.
UNIT- I
Programming Concepts: Algorithm and its characteristics, pseudo code / flow chart
Assignment statement, input/output statements, if, if then else statements.
Introduction to structured programming: Data types- simple data types, floating data types,
character data types, string data types, arithmetic operators and operator precedence, variables
and constant declarations, expressions, operators, preprocessor directives, creating a C++
program.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Show the logic involved in solving a problem through algorithms and flowcharts.(L1)
Describe the basic concepts of object oriented programming. (L2)
Develop and run simple C++ programs.(L3)
Choose appropriate data type and operators in programs. (L3)
UNIT- II
Input/output statements, Expressions, Control Structures if and if … else statement, switch
and break statements. For, while and do – while, break and continue statement, nested control
statements.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Select the right control structure (L1)
Develop applications by using appropriate concepts. (L3)
UNIT -III
Local and global variables, static and automatic variables, enumeration type, Function
Prototyping, Function Overloading, one dimensional array, two dimensional array, character
array.

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
What is a local variable and what is a Global variable (L1)
Explain the need of static and Automatic variables.(L2)
Develop the concept of overloading functions.(L2)
Utilize the one dimensional and two dimensional arrays in programming.(L3)
UNIT- IV
Object Oriented Concepts: objects, classes, methods, constructors, Destructor, Abstraction,
encapsulation, Overloading Unary Operators, Rules for Operator Overloading.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Illustrate the concept of classes and objects (L3)
Develop real world applications by using appropriate concepts. (L3)
Use unary operators for overloading.(L3)
UNIT- V
Inheritance – Single, Multiple, Multi Level, Hierarchical, Hybrid Inheritance,static and
dynamic binding, Pointers, Virtual Functions and Polymorphism.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Explain the need of reusability concept with inheritance.(L2)
Summarize different types of inheritance.(L2)
Identify the need of pointer.(L1)
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, the student is able to
Able to emphasize the special features of C++ language.(L4)
Examine the working of Control structures in C++ programs.(L4)
Able to develop and implement classes and objects. (L3)
Understand various Inheritance mechanisms, operator overloading ,polymorphism
and apply in applications.(L2)
Text Book:
Object Oriented Programming with C++ by E.Balagurusamy, Tata MC Graw Hill, 6 th
edition, 2013.
Reference Books:
Mastering C++ by Venugopal K R, Rajkumar Buyya , Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2 nd
edition, 2013.
Object Oriented Programming using C++ by B.Chandra, Narosa Publications, 2005.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTERSS––II

SPH 129 : Object Oriented Programming in C++ Lab

Hours per week: 4 Continous Evaluation :100 Marks

Credits :2

Write a C++ program to demonstrate the usage of data types & operators.

⮚Ā⮚Ā Write a C++ program to demonstrate Class and Object.

⮚Ā⮚Ā Write a C++ program to demonstrate Control structures.

⮚Ā⮚Ā Write a C++ program to demonstrate operator overloading.

⮚Ā⮚Ā Write a C++ program to demonstrate function overloading using Arrays.

⮚Ā⮚Ā Write a C++ program to demonstrate different types of Arrays.

⮚Ā⮚Ā Write a C++ program to demonstrate Constructors and Constructor

overloading.

⮚Ā⮚Ā Write a C++ program to demonstrate Copy constructor and Destructor.

⮚Ā⮚Ā Write a C++ program to demonstrate Single Inheritance, Multiple Inheritance.

Write a C++ program to demonstrate Multi level Inheritance, Hierarchal Inheritance.

Write a C++ program to demonstrate Pointers.

Write a C++ program to demonstrate Run time polymorphism and Compile time
Polymorphism.

Text Book:
Object Oriented Programming with C++ by E.Balagurusamy,
Tata MC GrawHill, 6th edition, 2013.

Reference Book:

Mastering C++ by Venugopal K R, Rajkumar Buyya ,

Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2nd edition, 2013
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTERSS––II
SFC102. : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (Common syllabus for all UG science
programmes of VSP, HYD and BLR campuses) Effective from admitted batch of
2020-21

No. of hours per week: 03 Continuous Evaluation :100 Marks

Credits: 02

Unit -I
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies – Definition - Scope and Importance,
Need for Public awareness. Natural Resources: Classification – Renewable (Forest, Water and
Energy) and Non-Renewable (Mineral, Food and Land) Resources (Uses, reasons for over-
utilization and effects).

Activity:
Nature selfie – photographs of the surroundings
Planting tree saplings – Forest resources; Knowing the water sources of your local – visit
to water purifying plant – documentation of the rivers of your state
Food resources - Observe your personal diet for a week (Sunday - Saturday). Just record
whatever you eat/drink and the amount. Prepare a chart stating its composition, energy
levels it can produce to your body (Calorific value) along with the photographic prints.

Unit -II
Eco-system: Structure and function of an Ecosystem – Components and ecological pyramids, -
food chains, food web - energy flow in the ecosystem; Types of ecosystems – forest, grassland,
aquatic; Biodiversity – Significance, threats and conservation practices.

Activity:
Visit to local national park, sanctuary or zoo – Photographic shooting of wildlife
(flora and fauna)
Biodiversity register – Prepare a list of the flora and fauna observed in the campus
Common plants
Commons pests – insects, rodents
Common insects – butterflies
Common birds
Common reptiles
Common animals
 B.Sc. Physical Science
Cleaning of weeds – Swachh BharatSEMESTERSAbhiyaanS––IIalong with
NSS units in the nearby villages, schools and semi-urban pockets
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II

Unit -III
Environmental Pollution: Causes, effects and control measures of Air, Water, soil
pollution, Thermal
pollution and nuclear hazards and Municipal solid waste management. Ozone layer depletion
Environmental problems: Global Environmental Problems, Greenhouse effect, acid rains and
Climate
change.

Activity:
Solid Waste Management activity
Inventory of waste generation and their types
Collection of recyclable wastes – old newspapers and books, records – recycle
the paper waste with ITC under WoW scheme – Getting certificate as Corporate
Social Responsibility – Getting books and stationery – distribute to the needy.
Establishment of Vermi Compost pit and reaping the compost
Visit to water treatment plants
Eco-friendly models – e.g., Clay moulded idols with seeds in it – Upon dissolution,
sprouting of seeds are seen. ‘Ganesh Chaturthi’

Unit -IV
Social Issues and the Environment: Environmental ethics, Issues and possible solutions. Waste
land
reclamation. Environmental Legislation: Acts. Disaster definition, Classification, Disaster
Management:

Activity:
Visit from local fire fighting personnel to demonstrate the use of fire/flame retardants.
Documentation of the local water resources and relate to drought
Rainwater conservation – Creating rainwater collection/storage pits in the nearby
schools/villages.

Unit -V
Human Population and the Environment: Environment and human health. Trends of Population
growth in urban areas, reasons for population explosion and its control. Environment and
human health - human rights - value education, Role of information technology in environment
and human health.

Activity:
Types of contaminants and their identification
Case study on urbanization of our city.
Identifying diseases due to inappropriate environmental conditions
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II
Text Books:
Text Book of Environmental studies for Undergraduate courses by Erach Bharucha
Published by Orient Black Swan. 2nd edition.
Environmental Science: A Global Concern by William P. Cunningham and Baraba
Woodworth Saigo. Published by McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math; 8th edition,.
A text book of Environmental Science by P. C. Joshi and Namita Joshi, Published
by A.P.H. Publishing Corporation.
A text book of Environmental Science by Arvind Kumar, Published by A.P.H.
Publishing Corporation
Environmental Science by S C Santra, Published by New Central Book Agency
(NCBA); (5th Reprint).
Ecology & Environment by P. D. Sharma, Published by Rastogi Publications.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II
SPH 104: Waves and Optics

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: To introduce the concept of waves and understand the phenomena of
light by division of amplitude and division of wave front

Objective: To visualize wave motion and develop intuition about waves for
various light phenomena
UNIT- I
Superposition of Two Collinear Harmonic oscillations: Linearity and
SuperpositionPrinciple. (1) Oscillations having equal frequencies and (2) Oscillations having
differentfrequencies (Beats).
Superposition of Harmonic Oscillations: Graphical and Analytical Methods. Lissajous
Figures with equal an unequal frequency and their uses.
Waves Motion- General: Group velocity, Phase velocity.Plane waves.Spherical waves
(complex notation), Wave intensity.
Learning outcomes
Understanding superposition principle and realization to harmonic oscillators for
determining parameters related to waves (L2)
Analyze the relation between inherent parameters of wave(L4)

UNIT-II
Interference 1(Division of wavefront)
Principle of superposition, Interference of light, types of interference, Young’s experiment,
Intensity at a point in a plane, coherence-temporal coherence and spatial coherence-conditions
for interference of light, Frenel’s Biprism, determination of wavelength of light, determination
of thickness of thin film, Llyod’s single mirror, Verification of change of phase on reflection.

Learning Outcomes
Applying interference of light with concept of wave front with experiments in
determination of wavelength, thickness and phase change on reflection.(L3)
Analyze the construction of optical instruments(L4)
UNIT-III
Interference: (Division of Amplitude)
Oblique incidence of a plane wave on a thin film due to reflected and transmitted light (cosine
law) –colors of thin films. Interference by a film with two non-parallel reflecting surfaces
(Wedge shaped film). Determination of diameter of wire, Newton’s rings in reflected light.
Determination of wavelength of monochromatic light, Michelson interferometer-types of
fringes, Determination of wavelength of monochromatic light.
Learning Outcomes
Applying interference of light with concept of amplitude with experiments relevant to thin
films for determination of wavelength , thickness and fringe width. (L3)
Analyze for confirmation for various types of fringes (L4)
UNIT- IV B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II

Diffraction:
Introduction,distinction between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction, Fraunhoffer diffraction
–Diffraction due to single slit and circular aperture-Diffraction grating -Limit of resolution-
Resolving power of grating.
Fresnel’s half period zones-area of the half period zones-zone plate-comparison of zone plate
with convex lens-fresnel diffraction at a straight edge-difference between interference and
diffraction.
Learning Outcomes
To demonstrate the concept of diffraction its types to different apertures for optical
parameters (L2)
Applying to different zones of diffraction (L3)
UNIT -V
Polarisation:
Polarized light: methods of polarization polarization by reflection, refraction, double
refraction, scattering of light-Brewster’s law-Mauls law-Nicol prism polarizer and analyzer-
Quarter wave plate, Half wave plate-optical activity and Babinet’s compensator.
Learning Outcomes
To understand polarization of light with various phenomena and its activity with optical
elements (L2).
Applying to different optical instrument (L3).
Course Outcomes:
Understanding superposition principle and Analyze the relation between inherent
parameters of wave(L2 and L4)
Applying and analyze interference of light for optical parameters and construct
optical instruments (L3 and L4)
Applying and analyze interference of light for optical parameters and fringes (L3 and
L4)
To demonstrate the concept of diffraction and applying to different zones of
diffraction (L2 and L3)
To understand polarization of light and utilize to different optical instrument (L2 and
L3)

Text Books:
BSc Physics, Vol.2, Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
A Text Book of Optics-N Subramanyam, L Brijlal, S.Chand& Co.
Unified Physics Vol.II Optics & Thermodynamics – Jai Prakash Nath&Co.Ltd.,
Meerut
Reference Books:
Optics,F..A. Jenkins and H.G. White, Mc Graw-Hill
Optics, Ajoy Ghatak,Tata Mc Graw-Hill.
Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker.C. Wiley India Edition 2007
Introduction of Lasers – Avadhanulu, S.Chand& Co.
Fundamentals of Optics, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna, 1991, R. Chand Publication
Principles of Optics- BK Mathur, Gopala Printing Press, 1995
UNIT- IV B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II

SPH 122: Waves and Optics Lab

Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

Preamble: Determination and analyzing of optical constants with light

Objective: To find Physical constants and analyze for its accuracy

List of Experiments
Determination of radius of curvature of a given convex lens-Newton’s rings.
Resolving power of grating.
Dispersive power of a prism.
Determination of wavelength of light using diffraction grating- minimum deviation
method.
Wavelength of light using diffraction grating-normal incidence method.
Determination of thickness of a thin fiber by wedge method
Spectrometer- i-d curve.
Cauchys constants
Hallow prism

Course Outcomes:

Enable to determine optical constants, estimate and illustrate (L4 and L5)
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II
SPH 102: Differential Equations

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks

Preamble: Many physical laws and relations can be expressed mathematically in the form of
differential equations. Thus it is natural that this course opens with the study of differential
equations and their solutions. Indeed, many engineering problems appear as differential
equations. The main objectives of this course are twofold: the study of ordinary differential
equations and their most important methods for solving them and the study of modeling.

Objective:
To Identify the type of a given differential equation and apply the appropriate
analytical technique for finding the solution of first order and higher degree ordinary
differential equations.
To Solve second order and higher order linear differential equations.
To Solve non-homogeneous differential equations
To Solve the Simultaneous differential equations and Total differential equations.
To formulate first order partial differential equations
To solve the non-linear first order Partial differential equation by Charpit’s method
To classify second order partial differential equations into elliptic, parabolic
and hyperbolic
To transform the second order partial differential equations to Normal forms

UNIT-I
First order exact differential equations. Integrating factors, rules to find an integratingfactor.
First order higher degree equations solvable for x, y, p. Methods for solving higher-order
differential equations.
Learning Outcomes:
Distinguish between linear, nonlinear, partial and ordinary differential equations.
Recognize and solve an exact differential equation.
Recognize and solve a non-exact differential equation by finding integrating
factor.
Recognize and solve First order higher degree equations solvable for x, y, p
Evaluate basic application problems described by first order differential
equations

UNIT-II
Basic theory of linear differential equations, Wronskian, and its properties.Solving a
differential equation by reducing its order. Linear homogenous equations with constant
coefficients, Linear non-homogenous equations, The method of variation of parameters, The
Cauchy-Euler equation,Simultaneous differential equations, Total differential equations.
Learning Outcomes:

Use the existence theorem for boundary value problems to determine uniqueness
of solutions.
Use the Wronskian condition to determine if a set of functions is linearly
independent.
Determine the complete solution of a homogeneous differential equation with
constant coefficients by examining the characteristic equation and its roots.
Evaluate the complete solution of a non-homogeneous differential equation as
a linear combination of the complementary function and a particular solution.
Determine the complete solution of a non-homogeneous differential equation
with constant coefficients by the method of undetermined coefficients.
Find the complete solution of a differential equation with constant coefficients
by variation of parameters and also solve Cauchy-Euler Equation
Evaluate Simultaneous differential equations and total differential equation
Evaluate basic application problems described by second order linear differential
equations with constant coefficients.

UNIT-III
Order and degree of partial differential equations, Concept of linear and non-linear partial
differential equations, Formation of first order partial differential equations

Learning Outcomes:

Recognize the concept of linear and non-linear partial differential equations.

Recognize the concept of order and degree of partial differential equations
Construct a first order partial equation by elimination of arbitrary constants
Construct a first order partial equation by elimination of arbitrary functions of
specific functions
Construct a first order partial equation by Elimination of Arbitrary Functions
Construct a physical or biological model to a first order partial differential
equations

UNIT-IV
Linear partial differential equation of first order, Lagrange’s method, Charpit’s method.

Learning Outcomes:

Distinguish between general solution and complete solution

Recognize and solve Lagrange’s equation
Find Lagrange's multipliers
Recognize and solve first order non linear partial differential equation by Charpit’s
method.
Recognize and reduce the first order partial different equation to different forms
UNIT-V
Classification of second order partial differential equations into elliptic, parabolic and
hyperbolic through illustrations only.

Learning Outcomes:
. Recognize the second order partial differential equations into elliptic, parabolic and
hyperbolic
Construct the different example for elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic
Transform the second order partial differential equations into normal form
Solve basic application problems like one dimensional wave equation and heat
equation

Text Books:

A Text Book of B.Sc. Mathematics Volume-I, V.Venkateswara Rao , N Krishna

Murthy, B.V.S.S. Sarma and S. Anjaneya Sastry, S.Chand& Company Ltd., New
Delhi.
Differential Equation , Shepley L. Ross3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1984
Elements of Partial Differential Equations,Ian N Sneddon, International Edition,
1967, Dover Publications.

.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II
SPH 120 Differential Equations Tutorial

Hours per week: 2 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

Solving first order and first degree differential equations

Solving first order and higher degree differential equations

Solving linear differential equations with constant coefficients

Solving differential equations with variation of parameters

Solving Cauchy-Euler equation

Solving Simultaneous differential equations

Soving total differential equations

Formation of first order partial differential equations

Problems using Lagrange’s method

Problems using Charpit’s method

Classification of second order partial differential equations

Course Learning Outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

Evaluate first order and first degree differential equations

Solve problems on first order and higher degree differential equations
Explain linear differential equations with constant coefficients
Explain the methods to solve partial differential equations
Classify second order partial differential equations
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II
SPH 108: Electronic Devices &Circuits
Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks
Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: Understanding of Basics of Electronic Circuits and mathematical and
graphical solutions to Electrical Circuits.
Objective: To explain the basics of Electronic devices and applications
UNIT -I
Junction Diodes
PN junction diode - P-N junction theory-depletion region, barrier potential, working in forward&
reverse bias condition, Junction capacitance, Diode current equation (no derivation),Effect of
temperature on reverse saturation current, V-I Characteristics, Zener and Avalanche Break down,
Zener diode - V-I characteristics, regulated power supply using Zener diode, Varactor Diode, Tunnel
Diode - Principle, Working& Applications.
Learning Outcomes:
Understanding of Basic Semiconductor physics, doping and formation of PN Junction
Understand the V-I characteristics of different types of Junction diodes and Applications
UNIT - II
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)
PNP and NPN transistors, current components in BJT, BJT static characteristics (Input and Output),
Early effect, CB,CE,CC Configurations (Cut-off, Active and saturation regions) Determination of h-
parameters from the characteristics, Concept of amplification-voltage and currentamplifier.The C.E
amplifier-analysis and parameters, Transistor as a switch.
Learning Outcomes:
Understand the Basic Construction and working principle of BJT
Able to Connect the BJTs in different configurations and their analysis as amplifier.

UNIT - III
Field Effect Transistors & UJT:
FET - Construction - Working – Drain &Transfer characteristics -Parameters of FET - FET as an
amplifier -MOSFET-Enhancement MOSFET-Depletion MOSFET-Construction& Working-Drain
characteristics of MOSFET -Comparison of FET&BJT and JFET &MOSFET.
UJT Construction-working, V-I Characteristics.
Learning Outcomes:
Understand the Basic working, V-I characteristics of FETs and their applications and also able to
differentiate the BJT, FET and MOSFET.
Understanding the working principle and applications of UJT

UNIT - IV
Photo Electric Devices
Structure and operation, characteristics, spectral response and applications of LDR, Photo Voltaic
cell, Photo diode, Photo transistor, LED and LCD.
Learning Outcomes:
Understand the applications of Semiconductor devices as Photo devices
Understand the V-I characteristics of Different photo electric devices.

UNIT - V
Power Supplies
Rectifiers - Half wave, full wave and bridge rectifiers - Efficiency - Ripple factor – Regulation.Types
of filter- Choke input ( Inductor) filter –Shunt capacitor filter -L-Section and π section filters - Three
terminal fixed voltage I.C regulators (78XX and 79XX) - Principle and working of switch mode
power supplies ( SMPS).
Learning Outcomes:
Basic Understanding of AC to DC conversion and different methods of conversion
Designing of IC regulated power supply and analysis

Course Outcomes:
Understanding basics of basic semiconductor physics Recall previous knowledge, understand
how the depletion layer forms and explanation capability on the working of different diodes
characteristics (L1 and L2)
Understanding the basic construction of semi conductor devices like BJT and FET,
classification of Devices and compare the VI characteristics of BJT and FET in different
configurations (L2).
Understand the basic optical devices operation and how they work, and how to make use of
photo electronic devices as sensors and apply the knowledge in real time applications (L1,
L3).
Understand the classification of Rectifiers; identify the merits and demerits of different filters.
Apply the basic rectifier, Analyze and compare the working of SMPS (L2 L4).

Text Books:

Electronic Devices and Circuits David A.Bell, Fifth edition. Oxford university press
A.P Malvino, "Principles of Electronics", TMH, 7th edition
T.F. Bogart, Beasley, "Electronic Devices and circuits", Pearson Education, 6th Edition
N.N. Bhargava, D.C Kulshreshta, and S.C Gupta ,"Basic Electronics and Linear Circuits'' TMH
T.L.Floyd, "Electronic Devices and circuits", PHI, fifth edition
V.K. Metha, "Principle of Electronics", S CHAND Co. New edition
Godse A.P., Bakshi U.A (1st edition), Electronics Devices, Technical Publications rune.

References:

I. Sedha R.S., A TextBook of Applied Electronics, S. Chand & Company Ltd.

Jacob Millman and Christos C. Halkias (2008) Integrated Electronics, Tara Mcgraw-Hill
Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky (10th edition). Electron Devices and Circuit Theory, Dorling
Kindersley (India Pvt. Ltd.)
Unified Electronics (Circuit analysis and electronic devices) by Agarwal-Arora.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II

SPH 126: Electronic Devices &Circuits Lab

Hours per week: 6 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

Preamble: Understand and realize the working of Semiconductor Devices and

graphical representation of V-I Characteristics and also results analysis.
Objective: To design and obtain the V-I characteristics of Semiconductor devices

List of Experiments

V-I Characteristics of Junction Diode.

V-I Characteristics of Zener Diode.

Regulated Power Supply using Zener Diode.

IC Regulated Power Supply

BJT input and output Characteristics (CE Configuration) and determination of h-

parameters.

Characteristics of UJT.

Characteristics of JFET

LDR characteristics

Characteristics of L and π section filters using full wave rectifier.

Course Outcomes:
Understand the characteristics of Basic semiconductor devices and Analyze the
results (L4)
Make use of IC regulators to construct the Regulated power supply (L3 and L4)
Able to identify the different kind of semiconductor devices, and can be able to
distinguish the input and out characteristics and analyze the data to get the h-
parapets (L3 and L4)
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II
SPH 106: Chemical Energetics, Equilibria &Functional Organic Chemistry
Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks
Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks

Preamble: The students of undergraduate program in science need to be conversant with the
various aspects of energetic and chemical equilibria. Functional group chemistry forms the
foundation for training a undergraduate students as organic chemist.
Objective: To introduce the concept of chemical reaction equiribrium and reaction energetics
in general and physical chemistry to the undergraduate students.
The students will learn the essential functional groups in organic chemistry, their reactions,
and properties.

UNIT-I
Section A: Physical Chemistry-1
Chemical Energetics: Review of thermodynamics and the Laws of Thermodynamics.
Important principles and definitions of thermochemistry.Concept of standard state and
standard enthalpies of formations, integral and differential enthalpies of solution and
dilution.Calculation of bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from
thermochemical data. Variation of enthalpy of a reaction with temperature – Kirchhoff’s
equation.Statement of Third Law of thermodynamics .
Chemical Equilibrium:
Free energy change in a chemical reaction.Thermodynamic derivation of the law of chemical
equilibrium.Le Chatelier’s principle. Relationship between Kp, and Kc
Learning Outcomes
The student will learn about the essential concepts of thermo-chemistry and chemical
thermodynamics The student will learn the calculation of bond energy, bond
dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermo-chemical data.
The students will learn Le Chatelier’s principle and applications.
UNIT-II
Ionic Equilibria:
Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of
ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases,
pH scale, common ion effect.Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of
hydrolysis and pH for different salts.Buffer solutions. Solubility and solubility product of
sparingly soluble salts
Learning Outcomes
The students will learn the elementary concepts of ionic chemical equilibrium with respect to
acid – base, salt hydrolysis and solubility of ionic substances.
Section B: Organic Chemistry-2
UNIT-III
Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be
studied in context to their structure.
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Preparation (Case benzene): from phenol, by decarboxylation, from acetylene, from
benzenesulphonic acid.
Reactions: (Case benzene): Electrophilic substitution: nitration, halogenation
andsulphonation. Friedel-Craft’s reaction (alkylation and acylation) (upto 4 carbons on
benzene).Side chain oxidation of alkyl benzenes (upto 4 carbons on benzene).
Alkyl Halides
Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols.
Reactions: hydrolysis, nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile & isonitrile formation.
Williamson’sether synthesis: Elimination vs substitution. Learning Outcomes

The students will learn the concept of Functional group approach for aromatic hydrocarbon
and alkyl halide.

UNIT-IV
Aryl Halides Preparation : (Chloro, bromo and iodo-benzene case): from phenol,
Sandmeyer& Gattermann reactions.
Reactions (Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (replacement by –OH
group)and effect of nitro substituent. Benzyne Mechanism: KNH2/NH3 (or NaNH2/NH3).
Alcohols: Preparation:Preparation of 1о, 2оand 3оalcohols: using Grignard reagent,
Esterhydrolysis, Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and esters.
Reactions: With sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation (with PCC, alk.
KMnO4,acidic dichromate, conc. HNO3). Oppeneauer oxidation Diols: (Upto 6 Carbons)
oxidation of diols. Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
Learning Outcomes
The student shall learn the elementary reactions and properties , mechanism of aryl halides
and alcohol . The students will learn differentiation between, primary, secondary and tertiary
alcohol.
UNIT-V
Phenols: (Phenol case)Preparation:Cumene hydroperoxide method, from diazonium
salts.Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: Nitration, halogenation and sulphonation. Reimer-
Tiemann Reaction, Gattermann-Koch Reaction, Houben–Hoesch Condensation, Schotten –
Baumann Reaction.
Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic): Cleavage of ethers with HI.
Aldehydes and ketones (aliphatic and aromatic): (Formaldehye, acetaldehyde, acetone
andbenzaldehyde)
Preparation: from acid chlorides and from nitriles.
Reactions – Reaction with HCN, ROH, NaHSO3, NH2-G derivatives. Iodoform
test.AldolCondensation, Cannizzaro’s reaction, Wittig reaction, Benzoin
condensation.Clemensen reduction and Wolff Kishner reduction.Meerwein-Pondorff Verley
reduction.
Learning Outcomes
The students will learn about reactions and properties of aromatic alcohols, ethers, aldehydes
and ketones
Reference Books:
Graham Solomon, T.W., Fryhle, C.B. & Dnyder, S.A. Organic
Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons (2014).
McMurry, J.E. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7th
Ed. Cengage Learning India Edition, 2013.
Sykes, P. A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry,
Orient Longman, New Delhi (1988).
Finar, I.L. Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E.L.B.S.
Morrison, R.T. & Boyd, R.N. Organic Chemistry, Pearson, 2010.
Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.
Barrow, G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw‐Hill (2007).
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II

SPH 124: Chemical Energetics, Equilibria & Functional Organic Chemistry Lab
Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks
Credits: 2
Preamble: The students of undergraduate program in science in Chemistry need to be
conversant with the various basic methodologies of chemistry. Therefore, one module each
on in inorganic , physical and organic chemistry is introduced which helps the student
familiarize with the techniques essential for developing the foundation of practical chemistry
Objective: student will be familiarized with the practical applications of thermo-chemistry
and ionic equilibrium.
Section A: Physical Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Determination of heat capacity of calorimeter for different volumes.
Determination of enthalpy of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium
hydroxide.
Determination of enthalpy of ionization of acetic acid.
Determination of integral enthalpy of solution of salts (KNO3, NH4Cl).
Determination of enthalpy of hydration of copper sulphate.
Study of the solubility of benzoic acid in water and determination of H.
Ionic Equilibria pH Measurements
Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos
and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass
electrode) using pH-meter.
Preparation of buffer solutions:
(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid (ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide
Measurement of the pH of buffer solutions and comparison of the values with theoretical
values.
Learning Outcomes
The student will learn determination of heat of neutralization and enthalpy. The students will
also lear to apply concept of ionic equilibrium for determination of pH. The students will also
learn to prepare the solution of buffer and determination of its pH.
Section B: Organic Chemistry
Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and
distillation.
Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.
Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed. Recrystallisation,
determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields
to be done.
(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline (b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols
Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone
Learning Outcomes
The students will familiarize the concept of measurement of melting point, boiling point and
re-crystallization essential for organic synthetic chemistry
Reference Books:
Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G.,
Textbookof Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.
Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman, 1960.
Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand
& Co.: New Delhi (2011).
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –II

SPH 110: Data Structures and File Processing

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks
Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: In the field of Computer Science, data structures provides an efficient way to
handle data efficiently. With a single variable it is an unfeasible task to store huge amount of
data. Storing data in a file provides a flexible approach where data is stored in a disk.

Enable the student to learn about linear and non linear data structures.
Understand searching and sorting algorithms.
Learn to store data in a sequential file and access the data.
Use direct file access and Indexed sequential file organization.
UNIT-I
Fundamental Concepts: Introduction to Data Structures, Types of Data Structures.
Linear Data Structure Using Sequential Organization: Arrays, Arrays as an Abstract Data
Type, Memory Representation and Address Calculation, Class Array, Pros and Cons of
Arrays.
Searching and Sorting: Sequential Search, Binary Search, Types of Sorting, General Sort
Concepts, Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Selection Sort.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Infer Linear and Nonlinear data structures. (L2)
Apply sequential search and Binary search on data sets. (L2)
Infer the general sorting methods. (L4)
UNIT-II
Stacks: Concept of Stacks and Queues, Stacks, Stack Abstract Data Type, Representation of
Stacks Using Arrays.
Queues: Concept of Queues, Queue Abstract Data Type, Realization of Queues Using
Arrays, Circular Queue, Dequeue, Priority Queue.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
develop stack using arrays. (L3)
interpret application of stack. (L2)
build queue using array. (L3)
make use of circular queue, deque, priority queue. (L3)
UNIT-III
Linked Lists: Introduction, Linked List, Realization of Linked Lists, Dynamic Memory
Management, Linked list Abstract Data Type, Doubly Linked List, Circular Linked List.
Trees: Introduction, Types of Trees, Binary Tree, Binary Tree Abstract Data Type,
Realization of a Binary Tree, Binary Tree Traversal.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
utilize the concept of dynamic memory allocation.(L3)
develop doubly linked list, circular linked list. (L3)
Inspect Binary tree traversal algorithms. (L4)
UNIT-IV
Hashing: Introduction, Hash Functions, Collision Resolution Strategies, Extendible Hashing,
Dictionary.
Indexing and Multiway Trees: Introduction, Indexing, Types of Search Trees- Multiway
Search Tree, B-Tree, B+ Tree.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
outline Hash Functions. (L2)
develop B tree and B+ Trees. (L3)
UNIT-V
Files: Introduction, External Storage Devices, File Organization, Files Using C++, Sequential
File Organization, Direct Access File Organization, Indexed Sequential File Organization.
(10)
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
experiment with sequential file organization and random file organization. (L3)
demonstrate indexed sequential file organization. (L2)
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, the student is able to
To illustrate array data structure and perform searching and sorting. (L2)
To write programs to create, insert, delete and display the elements of stack,
queue, linked list. (L2)
To develop tree and perform traversals. (L3)
To utilize sequential and direct access files. (L3)

Text Books:
Data Structures Using C++ by Varsha H. Patil, Oxford University Press,2012.

Reference Books:
Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, Adam Drozdek, Cengage Learning,3 rd Edition,
2006.
Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, Brijendra Kumar Joshi, Tata McGraw Hill,2010.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER––III

SPH 128 : Data Structures and File Processing Lab

Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

Write a C++ program to convert a sentence from lower case to to upper case , count
number of vowels and delete blank spaces.
Write a C++ program to implement Stack operations.
Write a C++ program to implement queue operations..
Write a C++ program to implement the operations in Linked list
Write a C++ program to concatenate two files and copy the contents of one file to
another file.
Write a C++ program program for direct access of records in a file.
Write a C++ program to implement field organization using length indicator.
Write a C++ program for fixed length field organization.
Write a C++ program for index access of records in a file.
Write a C++ program for accessing records in a file using index(record
organization).
Write a C++ program to print a line if it contains more than 80 characters.
Write a C++ program for reading and writing contents to a file from console.
Write a C++ program to reverse the contents of the given file.
Write a C++ program to search for a given record using sequential search
Write a C++ program to search for a given record using simple Hashing.
Write a C++ program to sort records in a file.

Text Books:
Data Structures Using C++ ,
Varsha H. Patil, Oxford University Press,2012.

Reference Books:
Data Structures and Algorithms in C++ ,

Adam Drozdek, Cengage Learning,3rd Edition,2006.

 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER––III

SPH 203: Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks

Preamble: The course provides an introduction to the basic concepts in

thermodynamics, various thermodynamic transport phenomena,
general thermodynamic property relations and different law for energy
spectrum emitted by black body. It develops the problem solving skills
in problems in basic thermodynamics.
Objective: To understand the basic laws of thermodynamics and their application
to the non-flow and flow processes, thermodynamic properties of
ideal and real gases and thermodynamic probability in gaseous
medium
UNIT I
Kinetic theory of gases
Introduction –Deduction of Maxwell’s law of distribution of molecular speeds, experimental
verification. Toothed wheel experiment. Transport phenomena-Viscosity of gases-thermal
conductivity-diffusion of gases.
Learning Outcomes
Understanding molecular speed distribution in gases. (L2)
Understanding transport phenomena of gases.(L2)

UNIT II
Thermodynamics
Introduction- Isothermal and adiabatic process- Reversible and irreversible processes-
Carnnot’s engine and its efficiency-Carnot’s theorem-Second law of thermodynamics.
Kelvin’s and Claussius statements-Thermodynamic scale of temperature-Entropy, physical
significance –Change in entropy in reversible and irreversible processes-Entropy and
disorder-Entropy of Universe-Temperature-Entropy (T-S) diagram-Change of entropy of a
perfect gas- change of entropy when ice changes into steam.
Learning Outcomes
Understanding basic concepts in thermodynamic and Carnnot’s heat ideal heat engine.(L2)
Develop the problem solving skill in basic thermodynamics.(L3)

UNIT III
Thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell’s equations
Thermodynamic potentials-Derivation of Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations-Clausius-
Clayperon’s equation-Derivation for ratio of specific heats-Derivation for difference of two
specific heats for perfect gas.Joule Kelvin effect-expression for Joule Kelvin coefficient for
perfect and Van der waal’s gas.
Learning Outcomes
Understanding and applying Maxwell thermodynamic relations.( L2 and L3)
Examine temperature change by using Joule – Kelvin effect(L4)
UNIT IV
Black body radiation
Blackbody-Ferry’s black body-distribution of energy in the spectrum of black body-Wein’s
displacement law,Wein’s law and stefans law Rayleigh-Jean’s law-Quantum theory of
radiation-Planck’s law-Measurement of radiation.
Learning Outcomes
Understanding different law for energy spectrum emitted by black body.(L2)
Determine measurement of radiation by different techniques. (L5)
UNIT V
Introduction to Statistical Mechanics
Phase space, Macrostate and Microstate Statistical basis, Probability, Principle of equal
apriori probability, Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, Bose-Einstein statistics, Fermi-Dirac
statistics (qualitative treatment), Entropy and Thermodynamic probability.
Learning Outcomes
1. Understanding basic concepts of statistical thermodynamics.(L2)
2. Analyzing the average distribution of non-interacting material particles over various
energy states in thermal equilibrium by using different laws.(L4)

Course Outcomes:

Understanding molecular speed distribution and transport in gases. (L2)

Understanding basic concepts in thermodynamics and solve basic equations (L2 and
L3)
Understanding and applying Maxwell thermodynamic relations and examine
temperature change by using Joule – Kelvin effect( L2 and L4)
Understanding and measure energy spectrum emitted by black body.(L2 and L5)
Understanding basic concepts of statistical thermodynamics and analyzing the
average distribution of non-interacting material particles (L2 and L4)

Text Books:
BSc Physics, Vol.2, Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
Thermodynamics, R.C. Srivastava, Subit K. Saha &Abhay K. Jain Eastern
Economy Edition.
Unified Physics Vol.2, Optics & Thermodynamics, Jai Prakash Nath&Co.Ltd.,
Meerut
Heat ,Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, Brij lal, Dr.N Subrahmanyam,
P.S. Hemne, S Chand & Co
A text Book of Heat J.B.Rajam

Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker.C. Wiley India Edition 2007

Heat, Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics-N Brij Lal, N Subrahmanyam, PS
Hemne, S.Chand& Co.,2012
Heat and Thermodynamics- MS Yadav, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd, 2000
University Physics, HD Young, MW Zemansky,FW Sears, Narosa Publishers, New
Delhi
Text Book of +3 Physics – Samal, Mishra &Mohanty, National Library, Min.of
Culture, Govt of India.
Modern Engineering Physics, A.S. Vasudeva, S.Chand& Co.,
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III

SPH 223: Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics Lab

Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

Preamble: Determination and analyzing of thermo dynamical parameters.

Objective: To find thermo dynamical constants and analyze for its accuracy.

List of Experiments

Specific heat of a liquid –Joule’s calorimeter –Barton’s radiation correction

Thermal conductivity of bad conductor-Lee’s method
Measurement of Stefan’s constant.
Specific heat of a liquid by applying Newton’s law of cooling correction.
Heating efficiency of electrical kettle with varying voltages.
Thermoemf- thermo couple potentiometer
Coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper- Searle’s apparatus.
Thermal behavior of an electric bulb (filament/torch light bulb)
Temperature variation of resistance- thermistor.

Course Outcomes:

Enable to determine thermo dynamical constants, analyze and illustrate (L4 and L5)
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III

SPH 201: Real Analysis

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks

Preamble: Real Analysis studies the behaviour of real numbers, functions, sequences, series
and sets on the real line. The focus of the course is to study the properties of fields of real
numbers, convergence/divergence of sequences, series of numbers and functions.
Objective:
To introduce
basic properties of fields of real numbers
sequences and discuss about their convergence
infinite series and the tests of convergence
Alternating series, absolute and conditional convergence of infinite series
Point wise and uniform convergence of sequence and series of functions
UNIT-I
Finite and infinite sets, examples of countable and uncountable sets. Real line, bounded sets,
suprema and infima, completeness property of R, Archimedean property of R, intervals.
Concept of cluster points and statement of Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem.

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Define and recognize the basic properties of field of real numbers
Find suprema and infima of sets
Discuss the cluster points of sets

UNIT-II
Real Sequence, Bounded sequence, Cauchy convergence criterion for sequences. Cauchy’s
theorem on limits, order preservation and squeeze theorem, monotone sequences and their
convergence (monotone convergence theorem without proof).

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Define sequences and its properties
Verify the convergence of sequence
Prove fundamental theorems on convergence

UNIT-III
Infinite series. Cauchy convergence criterion for series, positive term series, geometric series,
comparison test, convergence of p-series.

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Define Infinite series and its properties
Discuss the convergence of Geometric series
Verify the convergence of series
UNIT-IV
Root test, Ratio test, alternating series, Leibnitz’s test (Tests of Convergence without proof).
Definition and examples of absolute and conditional convergence.

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Define alternating series
Explain the absolute and conditional convergence of the series
Explain the Root, Ratio and Leibnitz’s test

UNIT-V
Sequences and series of functions, Pointwise and uniform convergence. M -test,Statements of
the results about uniform convergence and integrability anddifferentiability of functions,
Power series and radius of convergence.

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Define sequence and series of functions
Understand the difference between point wise and uniform convergence
Apply M-test

Course Learning Outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

Write precise proofs

Recognize convergent, divergent, bounded, Cauchy and monotone sequences
and their properties
Calculate the infima, suprema and limit points of a set
Recognize alternating, conditionally and absolutely convergent series
Apply the ratio, root, Leibnitz’s test
Test the pointwise and uniform convergence of sequences and series of functions

Text Books:
Calculus Vol.I : One Variable Calculus, with an Introduction to Linear Algebra,
Tom. M. Apostol, published by John Wiley and Sons (Asia) P. Ltd., 2002.
Introduction to Real Analysis” by Robert.G. Bartle and Donald. R Sherbert,
John Wiley and Sons(Asia) Ltd., 2000.
Intermediate Real Analysis, Emanuel Fischer ,Springer Verlag, 1983.
Elementary Analysis: The Theory of Calculus, Kenneth A. Ross, Springer Verlag,
2003.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III

SPH 221: Real Analysis Tutorial

Hours Per Week :2 Continuous Evaluation:100 Marks Credits :2

Finding supremum and infimum of a set

Finding limit points of a set

Problems on sequences

Problems on Cauchy convergence

Problems on monotonic sequence

Problems on infinite series

Convergence or divergence of Geometric series

Convergence or divergence using comparison test

Convergence or divergence of p-series

Problems on root test

Problems on Ratio test

Problems on alternating series

Course Learning Outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

Calculate the infima, suprema and limit points of a set.

Apply tests to verify the convergence or divergence of sequences.
Verify the convergence, divergence, absolute convergence , conditional
convergence of infinite series.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III

SPH-207: Digital Electronics

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks
Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: This course was introduced to explain the concepts of Digital Electronics
Objective: To explain the basics of Digital circuits

UNIT- I
Number Systems and Codes
Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexa Decimal numbers, conversion from one to another-codes,
BCD, excess 3, gray codes conversion from one to another - Error detection codes.

Learning Outcomes:
To analyze the number systems
Solve the different number conversions

UNIT - II
Boolean Algebra And Theorems
Basic & Universal logic gates - Boolean Identities - Boolean theorems De Morgan's Theorem
sum of products, products of sums expressions, simplification by Karnaugh Map method,
simplification based on basic Boolean theorems - don't care conditions.

Learning Outcomes:
Analyzing of Universal gates
Simplification of Karnaugh maps

UNIT – III
Combinational Digital Circuits
Arithmetic Building blocks, Half & Full Adders and Half & Full Subtractions, BCD adders -
multiplexers, De-multiplexers, encoders, decoders - Characteristics for Digital ICs -RTL,
DTL, TTL, ECL CMOS (NAND & NOR Gates).

Learning Outcomes:
Ȁ⮚Ā⮚Ā⮚ To design combinational circuits
Ȁ⮚Ā⮚Ā⮚ Explains the logic families

UNIT- IV
Sequential Digital Circuits
Flip-flops, RS, Clocked SR, JK, D, T, Master-Slave Flip flop -Conversion of Flip flops – shift
registers - ripple counters - synchronous counters and asynchronous counters (4-bit counter).

Learning Outcomes:
Analyze the various sequential circuits
To design the synchronous and asynchronous counters
UNIT- V
Memory Devices
ROM Organization - PROM Organization – PLA (Programmable Logic Array) - PAL
(Programmable Array Logic) - Realization of functions using PROM

Learning Outcomes:
To construct the memory devices
To explain the programmable logic devices

Course Outcomes:
Learn the number systems in digital systems (L2)
Acquire the knowledge on simplification gates (L5)
Learn about the designing of combinational circuits (L4)
Learn about the designing of sequential circuits (L4)
Learn the basics of organization of memory devices (L3)

Textbooks:
R.P. Jain, "Modem digital Electronics", 3rd Edition, TMH, 2003.
Puri, V.K., Digital Electronics, Tata McGraw Hill,2nd Edition,2011
Marris mano M., Computer System Architecture, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1998
Malvino and Leach, Digital Principles and applications, McGraw Hill, 1996, 4 th
Edition

Reference Books:
Millman 1. Micro Electronics, McGraw Hill International Book Company, New Delhi.
Morris Mano M., "Digital Logic and Computer Design" PHI, 2005.
Godse A.P., Digital Electronics, Technical Publications.
Unified Electronics (Digital Electronics and Microprocessors) by Agarwal- Agarwal
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III
SPH 227: Digital Electronics Lab
Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks
Credits: 2

Preamble: This course was designed to construct and verify Digital circuits
Objective: The student analyze and design the Digital circuits

List of Experiments
Verification of I C (basic) logic Gates
Universality of NAND & NOR Gates.
Verification of Boolean laws using NAND Gates (Associative, Commutative &
Distributive
Laws)
Study of RS, D, T and JK Flip-Flops with IC's
Half and Full Adders using Simple & NAND Gates.
6.4-bit binary parallel adder and Subtractor IC 7483 using PSPICE simulation
Study of7490 BCD Counter - MOD Counters using PSPICE simulation.
BCD to Seven segment decoder 7447/7448 using PSPICE simulation.

Course Outcomes:
After the completion of this course, the student will be able to design the electronic
circuits (L3 and L4)
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III
SPH 205: Solutions, Phase Equilibrium, Conductance, Electrochemistry & Functional
Group Organic Chemistry-II

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: The students of undergraduate program in science need to be conversant with the
various aspects of solution chemistry, phase equilibrium, electrochemistry and Functional
group chemistry forms the foundation for training a undergraduate students as analytical and
synthetic chemist.
Objective: To introduce the concept of solution phase chemistry in physical chemistry and
functional group chemistry in organic chemistry to the undergraduate students.
The students will learn the essential functional groups in organic chemistry, their reactions,
and properties.

UNIT-I
Section A: Physical Chemistry-2
Solutions
Thermodynamics of ideal solutions: Ideal solutions and Raoult’s law, deviations from
Raoult’s law – non-ideal solutions. Vapour pressure-composition and temperature-
composition curves of ideal and non-ideal solutions. Distillation of solutions.Lever
rule.Azeotropes.
Phase Equilibrium
Phases, components and degrees of freedom of a system, criteria of phase equilibrium.Gibbs
Phase Rule and its thermodynamic derivation. Derivation of Clausius – Clapeyron equation
and its importance in phase equilibria. Phase diagrams of one-component systems (water) and
two component systems involving eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting points (lead-
silver only).
Learning Outcomes
The student will learn about the essential concepts impotent principle and terms of phase rule.
The students will be apple to apply phase rule to one component and two component systems

UNIT-II
Conductance
Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak
and strong electrolytes.Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.

Transference number and its experimental determination using Hittorf and Moving boundary
methods.Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree
of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts,
ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt. Conductometric titrations (only acid-
base).
Electrochemistry
Reversible and irreversible cells.Concept of EMF of a cell.Measurement of EMF of a
cell.Nernst equation and its importance.Types of electrodes.Standard electrode
potential.Electrochemical series. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of
thermodynamic properties: G, H and S from EMF data.

Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference
and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge.
Learning Outcomes
The students will learn the elementary concepts of conductance and electrochemistry.
The students will learn the applications of kolhlrausch law. They will be able to
calculate thermodynamic properties: G, H and S from EMF data.
UNIT-III
Section B: Organic Chemistry-3
Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be
studied in context to their structure.
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives Carboxylic
acids (aliphatic and aromatic) Preparation: Acidic
and Alkaline hydrolysis of esters. Reactions: Hell –
Vohlard - Zelinsky Reaction.

Carboxylic acid derivatives (aliphatic): (Upto 5 carbons)

Preparation: Acid chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides from acids and
theirinterconversion.
Reactions: Comparative study of nucleophilicity of acyl derivatives. Reformatsky
Reaction,Perkin condensation.

Amines and Diazonium Salts

Amines (Aliphatic and Aromatic): (Upto 5 carbons)
Preparation: from alkyl halides, Gabriel’s Phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann
Bromamidereaction.
Reactions: Hofmann vs. Saytzeff elimination, Carbylamine test, Hinsberg test, with
HNO2,Schotten – Baumann Reaction. Electrophilic substitution (case aniline): nitration,
bromination, sulphonation.
Diazonium salts:Preparation:from aromatic amines
Reactions: conversion to benzene, phenol, dyes.
Learning Outcomes
The students will learn the concept of synthesis nd reactions carboxyl Functional group and
derivatives.
UNIT-IV
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins:
Preparation of Amino Acids: Strecker synthesis using Gabriel’s phthalimide
synthesis.Zwitterion, Isoelectric point and Electrophoresis.
Reactions of Amino acids: ester of –COOH group, acetylation of –NH2group,
complexationwith Cu2+ ions, ninhydrin test.
Overview of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure of proteins.
Determination of Primary structure of Peptides by degradation Edmann degradation (N-
terminal) and C–terminal (thiohydantoin and with carboxypeptidase enzyme).Synthesis of
simple peptides (upto dipeptides) by N-protection (t-butyloxycarbonyl and phthaloyl) & C-
activating groups and Merrifield solid-phase synthesis.
Learning Outcomes
The student shall learn
the elementary reactions and properties , mechanism of amines and diazonium salts . The
students will learn the concept of applications of diazonium salts in synthetic organic
chemistry.
The students will also familiarize with synthetic approaches to simple amono acids and
concept of proteins.
UNIT-V
Carbohydrates: Classification, and General Properties, Glucose and Fructose (open chainand
cyclic structure), Determination of configuration of monosaccharides, absolute configuration
of Glucose and Fructose, Mutarotation, ascending and descending in monosaccharides.
Structure of disacharrides (sucrose, cellobiose, maltose, lactose) and polysacharrides (starch
and cellulose) excluding their structure elucidation.
Learning Outcomes
The students will learn about the classification of carbohydrates. The students will familiarize
the reactions and properties of mono, di and polysaccharides

Reference Books:
Barrow, G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw‐Hill (2007).
Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry,
Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1),
Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2),
Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
Nelson, D. L. & Cox, M. M. Lehninger’s Principles
of Biochemistry 7thEd., W. H. Freeman.
Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. & Stryer, L. Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman, 2002.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III
SPH 225: Solutions, Phase Equilibrium, Conductance, Electrochemistry &
Functional Organic Chemistry-II Lab
Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks
Credits: 2
Preamble: The students of undergraduate program in science in Chemistry need to be
conversant with the various basic methodologies of chemistry. Therefore, one module each
on in inorganic , physical and organic chemistry is introduced which helps the student
familiarize with the techniques essential for developing the foundation of practical chemistry
Objective: To make student learn the practical application of solution, phase and
electrochemistry for quantitative analysis
He students also learn to differentiate between reducing and non-reducing sugars
by qualitative analysis.
Section A: Physical Chemistry
Distribution
Study of the equilibrium of one of the following reactions by the distribution method:
I2(aq) + I-(aq) I3-(aq)
Cu2+(aq) + xNH2(aq) [Cu(NH3)x]2+
Phase equilibria
Construction of the phase diagram of a binary system (simple eutectic) using cooling
curves.
Determination of the critical solution temperature and composition of the phenol water
system and study of the effect of impurities on it.
Study of the variation of mutual solubility temperature with concentration for the
phenol water system and determination of the critical solubility temperature.
Conductance
Determination of cell constant
Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation
constant of a weak acid.
Perform the following conductometric titrations:
Strong acid vs. strong base
Weak acid vs. strong base
Potentiometry
Perform the following potentiometric titrations:
Strong acid vs. strong base
Weak acid vs. strong base
Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt
Learning Outcomes
The student will learn determination of conductance, cell constant. The students will learn to
apply the concepts of electrochemistry for redox titrations by instrumental methods of
analysis
Section B: Organic Chemistry
I Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessingmonofunctional
groups (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one
derivative.
II
Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography
Determination of the concentration of glycine solution by formylation method.
Titration curve of glycine
Action of salivary amylase on starch
Effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase on starch.
Differentiation between a reducing and a nonreducing sugar.

Reference Books:
Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G.,
Textbookof Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.
Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry
Orient-Longman, 1960.
Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati,
A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).
Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R.
Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry, Universities Press.
 B. Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III
SPH 209: Design and Analysis of Algorithms
Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks
Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: Design and Analysis of Algorithm is very important for designing algorithm to
solve different types of problems in the branch of computer science and information
technology. This course deals the fundamental concepts of Designing Strategies, Complexity
analysis of Algorithms, followed by problems on Graph Theory and Sorting methods.
Objectives:
To rephrase algorithms. (L2)
To demonstrate sorting techniques.(L2)
To emphasize graph traversals. (L3)
To illustrate challenges in numeric algorithms. (L2)
UNIT –I
Introduction: Algorithm Specification, Performance Analysis, Randomized Algorithms- Las
Vegas, Monte Carlo Algorithm Definition, RQuick Sort.
Sorting Techniques: Selection Sort, Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Heap Sort, Shell Sort,
Linear Search.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Specify algorithms and analyze performance of algorithm. (L2)
To develop sorting techniques. (L5)
UNIT - II
Divide and Conquer: General Method, Binary Search, Finding maximum and minimum,
Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Strassen’s Matrix Multiplication.
Basic Graph Traversal Techniques- Breadth First Search, Depth-First Search.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
examine divide and conquer method. ( L4)
adopt BFS and DFS algorithms. (L3)
UNIT- III
Greedy Method: General Method, Knapsack Problem, Minimum Cost Spanning Trees-
Kruskal’s , Prim Algorithms, Single Source Shortest Paths.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
make use of minimum cost spanning trees. (L4)
explain Krushkl’s, Prims and single source shortest path algorithm. (L2)
UNIT – IV
Dynamic Programming: General Method, All pairs Shortest Paths, Travelling Salesperson
Problem.
Transform and Conquer: Multiplication of Large Integers, Horners Rule and Binary
Exponentiation, Computing the least common multiple, counting paths in a graph, Reduction
of Optimization Problem. ( Anany Levitin chapter -6)
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
elaborate Travelling salesman problem. (L4)
solve Horners rulw and binary exponentiation, computer LCM. (L3)
UNIT – V
Input Enhancement in String Matching: Horspools Algorithm, Boyer- Moore Algorithm.
Limitations of Algorithm Power : Lower-Bound Arguments, Trivial Lower Bounds,
Information-Theoretic Arguments, Adversary Arguments, Problem Reduction
Decision Trees: Decision Trees for Sorting, Decision Trees for Searching a sorted Array
P, NP, and NP-Complete Problems :Basic Concepts, P and NP Problems, NP-Complete
Problems, Challenges in Numeric Algorithms ( Anany Levitin – 11th chapter)
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
model Horspools Algorithm, Boyer- Moore Algorithm. (L4)
choose decision tree for sorting. (L3)
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, the student is able to
Learn to analyze performance of algorithm.(L2)
solve a given problem recursively dealing with sub-problems.(L3)
learn to solve notorious computational problems. (L4)
Text Books:
Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms – Ellis Horowitz, Sartaj Sahni, Sanguthevar
Rajasekaran, Second Edition, 2008, University Press,
Introduction to the Design and Analysis of Algorithms, ,Anany Levitin, 3rd
Edition 2012, Pearson (Unit- IV,V)
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III

SPH 229: Design and Analysis of Algorithms Lab

Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

List of Experiments

Write a C++ program to implement Bubble sort.

Write a C++ program to implement Insertion Sort.
Write a C++ program implement Selection Sort.
Write a C++ program to implement Quick Sort.
Write a C++ program to implement Merge Sort.
Write a C++ program to implement Shell Sort.
Write a C++ program to Find Maximum and Minimum using Divide and Conquer.
Write a C++ program to implement Strassen’s Matrix Multiplication.
Write a C++ program to implement Breadth First Search, Depth First Search.
Write a C++ program on Knapsack Problem.
Write a C++ program to find Minimum Cost Spanning Tree.
Write a C++ program to find All pairs Shortest Path.
Write a C++ program to find Single Source Shortest Path.
Write a C++ program to evaluate an expression using Horner’s Rule.
Write a C++ program to perform string matching – Horspools or Boyer- Moore
algorithm.

Text Books:
Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms – Ellis Horowitz, Sartaj Sahni, Sanguthevar
Rajasekaran, Second Edition, 2008, University Press,
Introduction to the Design and Analysis of Algorithms, ,Anany Levitin, 3rd
Edition 2012, Pearson (Unit- IV,V)
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III

SFC 203: English for Communication– II

Hours per week: 3 End Examination: 60 Marks
Credits: 2 Sessionals: 40 Marks

Preamble: This course has been designed to help students acquire English language skills for
professional development. The students will be exposed to aspects of English language
through some very interesting texts. Each unit of the book carries a very extensive and
relevant explanation on pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation, spoken
dialogues, writing and reading.
Objective:
To introduce students to Prosodic features for right speech
To enable students to use English in day-to-day communication
To build up their confidence in the usage of English
To expose them to Group Discussion sessions
To develop their written communicative competence
To make them interview ready

UNIT- I The Open Window : Saki (H.H.Munro)

Pronunciation: Syllabification, Grammar: Non-infinite verbs, Vocabulary: Simile &

Metaphor, Spelling: using ‘ie’ or ‘ei’, Punctuation: semi-colon, Conversation: Asking for
advice/information,
Learning outcomes:
By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
Improve their speaking ability in English both in terms of fluency and
comprehensibility.
Heighten their awareness of correct usage of English grammar in writing and
speaking.
Attain and enhance competence in the four modes of literacy: LSRW.
Utilize phonetic dictionary symbols to continue to improve pronunciation.
Punctuate quoted statements, sentences and questions correctly.

UNIT- II The Voice of Humanity – Rabindranath Tagore

Pronunciation: Word Stress, Grammar: Adjectives, Vocabulary: Oxymoron & Hyperbole,

Spelling: using ‘able’ and ‘ible’, Punctuation: Colon & dash, Group Discussion Learning
outcomes:
By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
To use newly acquired vocabulary in classroom activities.
Develop independent learning strategies and study skills.
Have the ability to communicate effectively with others.
Understand the rules of word stress
Acquire the skills needed for a G.D and participate efficiently.
 UNIT –III If – Rudyard Kipling
Pronunciation: Sentence Stress, Grammar: Articles, Vocabulary: Portmanteau and loan
words, Spelling: using suffixes, Punctuation:Hyphen & dash, Oral Presentation

Learning outcomes:
By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English punctuation, and
spelling when writing.
Enable to discuss literary texts from various theoretical and critical perspectives.
Formulate ideas and connections between literary concepts and themes.
Establish a deeper appreciation of cultural diversity by introducing them to poetry.
acquire effective presentation skills

UNIT -IV Riders to the Sea – JM Synge

Pronunciation – Intonation, Grammar: Adverbs, Vocabulary: Palindromes, Spelling:
completing tables with nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs Punctuation: Inverted comma,
Conversation/Role play: Appearing for a job interview/conducting a job interview

Learning outcomes:
By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
Collaborate with peers for role-playing, story analysis, and presentation planning.
Use comparative forms of high frequency adjectives and adverbs.
Apply sentence mechanics and master spelling of high frequency words.
Demonstrate increased understanding of English syntax and grammatical elements
for effective writing.
Understand and use intonation in spoken language.
Develop the skills needed for attending an interview

UNIT- V Academic Writing: Letter Writing, Paragraph Writing, Essay Writing, Resume
Preparation, Dialogue Writing, Precis
Learning outcomes:
By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
Develop outlines, clusters, lists, or other graphic organizers to
organize ideas for writing
Format various types of writing such summaries, personal letters,
formal letters and narrative, descriptive, and expository paragraphs on a
variety of topics
Develop own creativity and enhance their writing skills
Paraphrase text appropriately.
Write effective introductions and conclusions for paragraphs.
Prepare a persuasive resume.

Text Books:
Part – 2 (English for Enhanced Competence (by Sumit Roy, A.Karunakar, A.Aruna Priya)
Supplementary Reading:
Communicative skills for Technical Students, M. Faratullah. Orient
longman
Rizvi,MAshraf. Effective Technical Communication. McGraw - Hill.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III

SSE 271: Physics Workshop Skill

Credits: 2 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Preamble: To introduce various measuring methods of mechanical and electrical

circuits.
Objective: To understand the need of these measuring methods.

Introduction: Measuring units. conversion to SI and CGS. Familiarization with meterscale,

Vernier calliper, Screw gauge and their utility. Measure the dimension of a solidblock,
volume of cylindrical beaker/glass, diameter of a thin wire, thickness of metalsheet, etc. Use
of Sextant to measure height of buildings, mountains, etc.

Mechanical Skill: Concept of workshop practice. Overview of manufacturing

methods:casting, foundry, machining, forming and welding. Types of welding joints and
weldingdefects. Common materials used for manufacturing like steel, copper, iron, metal
sheets,composites and alloy, wood. Concept of machine processing, introduction to
commonmachine tools like lathe, shaper, drilling, milling and surface machines.Cutting
tools,lubricating oils.Cutting of a metal sheet using blade.Smoothening of cutting edge ofsheet
using file.Drilling of holes of different diameter in metal sheet and wooden block.Use of
bench vice and tools for fitting. Make funnel using metal sheet.

Electrical and Electronic Skill: Use of Multimeter. Soldering of electrical circuitshaving

discrete components (R, L, C, diode) and ICs on PCB. Operation of oscilloscope.Making
regulated power supply. Timer circuit, Electronic switch using transistor andrelay.

Introduction to prime movers: Mechanism, gear system, wheel, Fixing of gears withmotor
axel. Lever mechanism, Lifting of heavy weight using lever. braking systems,pulleys,
working principle of power generation systems. Demonstration of pulleyexperiment.

Reference Books:
A text book in Electrical Technology - B L Theraja – S. Chand and Company.
Performance and design of AC machines – M.G. Say, ELBS Edn.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course

Will demonstrate and compare various measuring methods with

respective methods(L2)
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III

SSE 273: Basic Analytical Chemistry

Credits :2 Continuous Evaluation:100 Marks

Introduction: Introduction to Analytical Chemistry and its interdisciplinary nature.

Conceptof sampling.Importance of accuracy, precision and sources of error in analytical
measurements.Presentation of experimental data and results, from the point of view of
significant figures.

Analysis of soil: Composition of soil, Concept of pH and pH measurement,

Complexometrictitrations, Chelation, Chelating agents, use of indicators

Determination of pH of soil samples.

Estimation of Calcium and Magnesium ions as Calcium carbonate by complexometric
titration.

Analysis of water: Definition of pure water, sources responsible for contaminating

water,water sampling methods, water purification methods.

Determination of pH, acidity and alkalinity of a water sample.

Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) of a water sample.

Analysis of food products: Nutritional value of foods, idea about food processing and
foodpreservations and adulteration.

Identification of adulterants in some common food items like coffee powder, asafoetida,
chilli powder, turmeric powder, coriander powder and pulses, etc.
Analysis of preservatives and colouring matter.

Chromatography: Definition, general introduction on principles of chromatography,

paperchromatography, TLC etc.
Paper chromatographic separation of mixture of metal ion (Fe3+ and Al3+).
To compare paint samples by TLC method. Ion-exchange:
Column, ion-exchange chromatography etc.
Determination of ion exchange capacity of anion / cation exchange resin (using batch
procedure if use of column is not feasible).

Analysis of cosmetics: Major and minor constituents and their function

Analysis of deodorants and antiperspirants, Al, Zn, boric acid, chloride, sulphate.
Determination of constituents of talcum powder: Magnesium oxide, Calcium oxide, Zinc
oxide and Calcium carbonate by complexometric titration.

To study the use of phenolphthalein in trap cases.

To analyze arson accelerants.
To carry out analysis of gasoline.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III

SSE 275: Logic and Sets

Credits: 2 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Introduction, propositions, truth table, negation, conjunction and disjunction.Implications,

biconditional propositions, converse, contra positive and inverse propositions and precedence
of logical operators.

Propositional equivalence: Logical equivalences.

Predicates and quantifiers: Introduction, Quantifiers, Binding variables and Negations.

Sets, subsets, Set operations, the laws of set theory and Venn diagrams. Examples of finite
and infinite sets.Finite sets and counting principle. Empty set, properties of empty set.
Standard set operations. Classes of sets. Power set of a set.
Difference and Symmetric difference of two sets. Set identities, Generalized union and
intersections.

Relation: Product set, Composition of relations, Types of relations,Partitions, Equivalence

Relations with example of congruence modulo relation.

Text Books:
Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematic, Ralph P. Grimaldi and B.V. Ramana
Pearson Education, 1998.
Naïve Set Theory,Paul R. Halmos , Springer, 1974.
Theory of Sets, E. Kamke ,Dover Publications, 1950.

Course Learning Outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

Explain propositional calculus

Evaluate problems on predicate functions
Explain different types of sets and operations on sets
Define relation between two sets
Explain different types of relations
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –III

SSE 277: Computer Graphics

Credits :2 Continuous Evaluation:100 Marks

Preamble: Computer graphics is regarded as a branch of computer science that deals with the
theory and technology for computerized image synthesis. The task of composing image on a
computer is essentially a matter of setting pixel values. The field of computer graphics is
characterized by rapid changes in hoe the technology is used in everyday applications and by
constant evolution of graphics systems.
Course Objectives:
To familiarize with Raster Scan and Random Scan Systems.
To know about line drawing algorithms. To learn about
polygon filling algorithm. To understand ant aliasing
techniques. UNIT- I

Development of Computer Graphics, Raster Scan and Random Scan graphics storages,
display processor and character generators, color display techniques.
Learning Outcome:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Show raster scan and random scan graphics storage. (L1)
Explain display processor. (L1)
Outline colour display techniques. (L3)
UNIT- II
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)basics, Refresh Display, Direct View Storage Tube(DVST ,
Interactive input/output devices).
Learning Outcome:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Outline CRT display. (L2)
Explain DVST. (L3)
Narrate interactive input output devices. (L2)
UNIT-III
Points, lines and curves, Scan conversion, Line-Drawing Algorithms, Circle and Ellipse
Generation.
Learning Outcome:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Know about scan conversion algorithms.(L3)
Describe Line drawing Algorithms. (L2)
Explain Circle generation and Ellipse generation algorithms. (L2)
UNIT- IV
Conic-section generation, polygon filling, anti aliasing.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Understand Conic Section generation. (L2)
Learn polygon filling algorithms. (L2)
Choose anti aliasing techniques. (L3)
UNIT - V
Two-dimensional viewing, Coordinate systems, linear transformations, line and polygon
clipping algorithms.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Learn two dimensional viewing. (L3)
Make use of Coordinate systems. (L4)
Select line and Polygon clipping algorithms. (L3)

Differentiate raster scan and random scan systems.

Identify the CRT and DVD display.
Know about line generation and Polygon filling algorithms.

Text Book:
1. Computer Graphics ,Amarendra N Sinha, Arun D Udai, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

Reference Books :
Computer Graphics, D. Hearn and M.P. Baker, Prentice–Hall of India, 2nd Ed., 2004.
Procedural Elements in Computer Graphics , D.F. Rogers, TMH, 2nd Ed., 2001.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –IV
SPH 204: Electricity & Magnetism

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: To introduce the concepts of electric charges, fields and to induce the
magnetic field concepts and to understand the relation between
electricity and magnetism via electromagnetic induction, waves etc.
Objective: To combine the understanding of fundamental concepts in Electricity
and Magnetism more rigorously and their relation to understand the
physical systems of dielectrics, magnetic materials etc…as needed for
further studies in physics.
UNIT I
Electric field and potential:
Gauss’s law statement and its proof- Electric field due to (1) Uniformly charged sphere (2) an
infinite conducting sheet of charge and (3) Uniformly charged cylinder. Electrical potential –
equipotential surfaces- potential due to i) a point charge, ii)charged spherical shell and
uniformly charged circular disc. Electric field strength due to an electric dipole.
Learning Outcomes
Understands the concept of electric flux and apply Gauss’s law to calculate electric flux(L2
and L3).
Understand electrostatic interactions of point charges physical parameters.(L2)

UNIT II
Capacitance and dielectrics:
Electric capacitance - Derivation of expression for capacity of (i) a parallel plate capacitor (ii)
a spherical capacitor. Dielectrics- effect of dielectric on the capacity of a condenser, Energy
stored in a capacitor. Electric dipole moment and molecular polarizability- Electric
displacement D , electric polarization P – relation between D,E and P- Dielectric constant and
susceptibility.
Learning Outcomes
Understand the working of capacitor and different types of capacitors and realize charge on
a capacitor to the potential of a capacitor.(L2 and L4)
Construct about dielectrics, dielectric breakdown, and how dielectrics make capacitors
more effective (L3)

UNIT III
Moving charges in electric and magnetic field
Hall effect, cyclotron, synchrocyclotron and synchrotron- Force on a current carrying
conductor placed in a magnetic field, force and torque on a current loop, Biot-Savart’s law,
explanation and calculation of B due to long straight wire, a circular current loop and
solenoid.
Electromagnetic induction
Faraday’s law-Lenz’s law-expression for induced emf-time varying magnetic field Betatron –
Moving coil ballistic galvanometer-theory, working. Self and mutual inductance, coefficient
of coupling.

Learning Outcomes
⮚Ā⮚Ā Construct cyclotron, synchrocyclotron and synchrotron and their working (L3).
⮚Ā⮚Ā Explain mutual relation between electric and magnetic fields (L2).
UNIT IV
Varying and alternating currents
Growth and decay of currents in LR,CR and LCR dc circuits-critical damping, Alternating
current relation between current and voltage in pure R,C and L. LCR series and parallel
resonant circuit, Q -factor.
Learning Outcomes
Interpret circuits with Capacitance (C) , inductor (L) and Resistor (R) during charging and
discharging when connected or disconnected to a battery (L2).
Function of an LC circuit for the change in oscillations due to resistance (L4)
UNIT V
Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic waves
A review of basic laws of electricity and magnetism-displacement current. Maxwell’s
equations in differential form, Maxwell’s wave equation, plane electromagnetic waves.
Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.Poynting theorem.

1. Outline Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetic theory (L2)

Infer how Maxwell modified Ampere’s law for wave equation for the transfer of
electromagnetic energy (L4).

Course Outcomes
Understands the concept of electric flux, interactions of point charges and apply
Gauss’s law to calculate electric flux.(L2 and L3)
Understand capacitor its types and analyze to the potential of a capacitor.(L2 and L4)
Construct dielectrics, capacitors with dielectrics and particle accelerators (L3)

Explain mutual relation between electric and magnetic fields (L2)

Interpret and examine RLC circuits with battery connected and battery
disconnected(L2 and L4)
Extend Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetic theory and examine electromagnetic
wave equation for the transfer of electromagnetic energy.(L2 and L4)

Textbooks:
BSc Physics, Vol.3, Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
Electricity and Magnetism, D.N. Vasudeva. S. Chand & Co.
Unified Physics Vol.3, Electricity, Magnetism and Electronics, S.L. Gupta and Sanjeev
Gupta, Jai PrakasahNath& Co., Meerut.
Reference Books:

Fundamentals of Physics- Halliday/Resnick/Walker - Wiley India Edition2007.

Berkeley Physics Course – Vol. II - Electricity and Magnetism – Edward M Purcell
–The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Electricity and Magnetism Brijlal and Subramanyam. RatanPrakashanMandir.
Electricity and Magnetism, C.J. Smith, Edward Arnold Ltd.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –IV

SPH 222: Electricity & Magnetism Lab

Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

Preamble: Examine electrical circuits for relevant measurements

Objective: To analyze electrical circuits for determining electrical quantities

List of Experiments:

Internal resistance of a cell by potentiometer.

LCR circuit series/parallel resonance, Q factor.
Determination of ac-frequency –sonometer.
Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter
Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter.
Verification of Kirchoff’s laws and maximum power transfer theorem.
Field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current.
LCR circuits in series and parallel
Hall probes-Magnetic field measurement

Course Outcomes:

Enable to analyze, determine electrical quantities with illustration (L4 and L5)
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –IV

SPH 202: Algebra

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks
Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks

Preamble: This course aims to provide basic concepts of Abstract algebra. The focus of the
course is to study the fundamental properties of Groups and its kind.
Course Objectives:
To introduce groups, subgroups, permutation and cyclic groups with examples
To discuss the fundamental properties of Groups, sub groups etc
To study the structure preserving mappings, homomorphism and isomorphism, its
properties.
To increase mathematical maturity, including writing their own proofs
UNIT – I
Groups: Binary Operation – Algebraic structure – semi group-monoid – Group definition
and elementary properties Finite and Infinite groups – examples – order of a group.
Composition tables with examples.

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Explain algebraic structures
Verify group properties of a given algebraic structure
Define order of a group and order of an element

UNIT – II
Subgroups: Complex Definition – Multiplication of two complexes Inverse of a complex-
Subgroup definition – examples-criterion for a complex to be a subgroups. Criterion for
the product of two subgroups to be a subgroup-union and Intersection of subgroups.
Co-sets and Lagrange's Theorem :
Cosets Definition – properties of Cosets–Index of a subgroups of a finite groups–Lagrange's
Theorem.

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Define and explain the properties of complexes, subgroups and co-sets
Explain the index of a subgroups with examples
Prove Lagranges theorem

UNIT –III
Normal Subgroups: Definition of normal subgroup – proper and improper normal
subgroup–Hamilton group – criterion for a subgroup to be a normal subgroup –
intersection of two normal subgroups – Sub group of index 2 is a normal sub group –
simple group – quotient group – criteria for the existence of a quotient group.

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Explain normal subgroups and its properties
Define quotient groups and criteria for the existence of a quotient group.
UNIT – IV
Homomorphism : Definition of homomorphism – Image of homomorphism elementary
properties of homomorphism – Isomorphism – aultomorphism definitions and elementary
properties–kernel of a homomorphism – fundamental theorem on Homomorphism and
applications.

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Discuss the structure preserving mappings
Prove the properties of Homomorphism and Isomporphism
Define Kernal of Isomorphism and its properties

UNIT –V
Permutations and Cyclic Groups: Definition of permutation – permutation multiplication –
Inverse of a permutation – cyclic permutations – transposition – even and odd permutations –
Cayley's theorem.
Cyclic Groups :
Definition of cyclic group – elementary properties – classification of cyclic groups.

Learning Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
Define and give examples of permutation and cyclic groups
Perform permutation multiplication
Find generators of cyclic group
Prove fundamental properties of permutation and cyclic groups

Course Learning Outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

Write abstract mathematical proofs in logical manner

Verify group properties for the given algebraic structure
Prove fundamental theorems of group theory
Explain the use of order of an element and group in finding generators of the group
Discuss the structure preserving mappings and its importance

Text Books:
A Text Book of B.Sc. Mathematics Volume-I
V.Venkateswara Rao, N Krishna Murthy, B.V.S.S. Sarma and S. Anjaneya Sastry,
S.Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.
A First Course in Abstract Algebra, John B. Fraleigh, Narosa Publishing house.
Modern Algebr, M.L. Khanna, Jai Prakash Nath.
A First Course in Abstract Algebra, John B. Fraleigh ,7th Edition, Pearson, 2002.
Algebra, Micheal Artin, 2nd Edition, Pearson, 2011.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –IV

SPH 220: Algebra Tutorial

Hours per week: 2 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

Problems on Groups

Problems on subgroups

Problems on co-sets and Lagrange’s theorem

Problems on normal subgroups

Problems on quotient group

Problems on homomorphism of groups

Problems on isomorphism of groups

Problems on permutation multiplication

Problems to find inverse of a permutation

Problems on cyclic permutation and transposition

Problems on cayley’s theorem

Problems on cyclic groups

Course Learning Outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

Verify group properties of given algebraic structure

demonstrate the subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups with examples
Recognize the structure preserving mappings
Find the generators of a group
Discuss about permutations and their product
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –IV

SPH 208: Analog & Digital IC Applications

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks
Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: This course was introduced to understand the analog and digital
applications
Objective: To Know the internal operations of analog and digital circuits

UNIT- I
Operational Amplifiers
Basic differential amplifier-Op-Amp supply voltages - IC identification - Internal blocks of
Op- Amp, Op-Amp parameters-offset voltages and currents-CMRR-Slew rate, Virtual ground,
Op- Amp as a voltage amplifier - Inverting amplifier - non-inverting amplifier - Voltage
follower

Learning Outcomes:
To understand the Functional blocks of Op Amp
To demonstrate the working of Op Amp parameters

UNIT - II
OP-AMP Circuits
Summing amplifier - Differential amplifier - Op-amp frequency response - Comparator-
Integrator- Differentiator - Triangular Wave generators - Square Wave generators - Active
filter (Basics) – Low pass filter - High pass filter - Band pass filter, IC 555 applications -
Astable, Mono stable and Schmitt trigger

Learning Outcomes:
To illustrate the Op Amp applications
To analyze the filters and timer applications

UNIT – III
Combinational &Sequential Circuits
Design of code converter: BCD to 7 segments, Binary/ BCD to Gray, Gray to Binary / BCD,
Design of counters using state machine: asynchronous and synchronous counters, Modulo-n
counter, presettable binary up/down counter, Design of Universal shift register

Learning Outcomes:
To design and analyze the combinational circuits
To design the sequential counters

UNIT- IV
Data Converters
Key Features, Advantages and applications of Digital to Analog Converters: Weighted
resistive network and R-2R ladder type. Key Features, Advantages and Applications Specific
selection of Analog to Digital Converters: Staircase, Ramp Type, Single Slope and dual
slope, Successive approximation and Flash type.
Learning Outcomes:
To illustrate the functioning of data converters
To understand different types of data converters

UNIT- V
Digital System Interfacing And Applications
Digital system interfacing of LEDs and Multi digit Seven segment LED display Driver.
Interface considerations for ADC / DAC with digital systems.Applications of counters:
Digital clock, Auto-parking system, Applications of shift registers: Time delay generator,
parallel to serial converter, serial to parallel converter, UART and serial Key board encoder.

Learning Outcomes:
To understand the functional block diagram of Digital Systems
To discuss the applications of Digital systems

Course Outcomes:
Learn the basics of Op Amps (L3)
Understands the applications of Op Amps (L2)
Analyze the combinational and sequential circuits (L6)
Learn about the types and operation of data converters ((L4)
Understand the interfacing concepts of digital systems (L2)

Text Books:

G.K.Kharate - Digital electronics-Oxford university press

Floyd Thomas L Digital FundamenZtals Pearson Education
Microelectronic circuits by Sedra&Smith-6th'edition-Oxford
Electronic Devices and Circuits David A.Bell, Fifth edition, Oxford university press

Reference Books:
Allen Mottershead, Electronic Devices and Circuits-an Introduction - Prentice Hall.
Mithal G.K., Electronic Devices and Circuits, Khanna Publishers.
Donald L.Schillling, Charles Belove, Discrete and Integrated Electronic Circuits,
McGraw Hill.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –IV

SPH 226: Analog & Digital IC Applications Lab

Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

Preamble: This course was designed to perform analog and digital circuits
Objective: The student will be able to understand the designing of analog and digital
circuits

List of Experiments

OP-AMP -Inverting and Non-inverting amplifiers.

OP-AMP - Sine Wave Generator (weinbridge oscillator)
Binary to Grey and Grey to binary code converter
Design of 4-bit priority encoder
OP-AMP - Square wave generator using PSPICE simulation
Schmitt Trigger using IC 555 timer using PSPICE simulation
Study of presettable binary up/down counter using PSPICE simulation.
Design and verification of 4-bit ripple counter. Using PSPICE simulation.
OP-AMP integrator and differentiator.
AstableMultivibrator –determination of frequency (using IC-555)

Course Outcomes:
After the completion of this course, the student will be able to design the circuits in
operational amplifiers (L4 and L2)
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –IV

SPH 206: Coordination Chemistry, States of Matter & Chemical Kinetics

Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 4 Sessionals:40 Marks
Preamble: The students of undergraduate program in science need to be conversant with the
various aspects of coordination chemistry, chemical kinetics and states of matter for training a
undergraduate students as synthetic chemist.
Objective: To introduce the concept of coordination chemistry and the essentials of inorganic
chemistry.
Students will also learn reactions kinetics, and chemical concepts of states of matter.

UNIT-I
Transition Elements (3d series)
General group trends with special reference to electronic configuration, variable valency,
colour, magnetic and catalytic properties, ability to form complexes and stability of various
oxidation states (Latimer diagrams) for Mn, Fe and Cu.
Lanthanoids and actinoids: Electronic configurations, oxidation states, colour, magnetic
properties, lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides (ion exchange method only).
Learning Outcomes
The students will learn the properties of transition elements , Lanthanides and Actinides.

UNIT-II
Coordination Chemistry
Valence Bond Theory (VBT): Inner and outer orbital complexes of Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu
(coordination numbers 4 and 6). Structural and stereoisomerism in complexes with
coordination numbers 4 and 6.
Drawbacks of VBT.IUPAC system of nomenclature.
Crystal Field Theory
Crystal field effect, octahedral symmetry. Crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE),
Crystal field effects for weak and strong fields. Tetrahedral symmetry.
Learning Outcomes
The students will know about Inner and outer orbital complexes Structural and
stereoisomerism in complexes and Crystal Field Theory.

UNIT-III
Section B: Physical Chemistry-3
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Postulates of Kinetic Theory of Gases and derivation of the kinetic gas equation.
Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor, causes of deviation. van
der Waals equation of state for real gases. Boyle temperature (derivation not required).
Critical phenomena, critical constants and their calculation from van der Waals equation.

Maxwell Boltzmann distribution laws of molecular velocities and molecular energies

(graphic representation – derivation not required) and their importance.
Temperature dependence of these distributions.Most probable, average and root mean square
velocities (no derivation). Collision cross section, collision number, collision frequency,
collision diameter and mean free path of molecules. Viscosity of gases and effect of
temperature and pressure on coefficient of viscosity (qualitative treatment only).
Learning Outcomes
The student will learn about ideal gases , deviation from ideal behavior. van der Waals
equation of state for real gases. The student ill learn to calculate critical constants from
Vander Waals equation.
UNIT-IV
Liquids
Surface tension and its determination using stalagmometer.Viscosity of a liquid and
determination of coefficient of viscosity using Ostwald viscometer.Effect of temperature on
surface tension and coefficient of viscosity of a liquid (qualitative treatment only).
Solids
Forms of solids. Symmetry elements, unit cells, crystal systems, Bravais lattice types .Miller
indices.X–Ray diffraction by crystals, Bragg’s law.Structures of NaCl, KCl and CsCl
(qualitative treatment only).Defects in crystals.
Learning Outcomes
The student will learn about Surface tension & viscosity and their determination. The
students will also be familiar with effect of temperature on viscosity.
The student will learn the essentials of solid-state chemistry like symmetry elements, unit
cells, crystal systems, Bragg’s equation. The student will learn to determine Miller indices.
The student will also be familiar with crystal defects.
UNIT-V
Chemical Kinetics
The concept of reaction rates.Effect of temperature, pressure, catalyst and other factors on
reaction rates.Order and molecularity of a reaction.Derivation of integrated rate equations for
zero, first and second order reactions (both for equal and unequal concentrations of
reactants).Half–life of a reaction.General methods for determination of order of a
reaction.Concept of activation energy and its calculation from Arrhenius equation.
Theories of Reaction Rates: Collision theory and Activated Complex theory of bimolecular
reactions.
Learning Outcomes
The student will learn concept of reaction rates, factors affecting reaction rates. Order and
molecularity of a reaction.
The student will also learn derivation of integrated rate equations for zero, first and
second order reactions and theories of reaction rates.

Reference Books:
Barrow, G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw‐Hill (2007).
Castellan, G.W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).
Kotz, J.C., Treichel, P.M. & Townsend, J.R. General Chemistry
Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2009).
Mahan, B.H. University Chemistry 3rd Ed. Narosa (1998).
Petrucci, R.H. General Chemistry 5th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Co.: New York (1985).
Cotton, F.A. & Wilkinson, G. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley.
Shriver, D.F. & Atkins, P.W. Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
Wulfsberg, G. Inorganic Chemistry, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.
Rodgers, G.E. Inorganic & Solid State Chemistry, Cengage Learning India Ltd., 2008.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –IV
SPH 224: Coordination Chemistry, States of Matter & Chemical Kinetics Lab
Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks
Credits: 2

Preamble: The students of undergraduate program in science in Chemistry need to be

conversant with the various basic methodologies of chemistry. Therefore, one module each
on in inorganic , physical and organic chemistry is introduced which helps the student
familiarize with the techniques essential for developing the foundation of practical chemistry
Objective: To make student learn the practical application of Coordination Chemistry, States
of Matter & Chemical Kinetics for quantitative analysis

List of Experiments:
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry
Semi-micro qualitative analysis using H2S of mixtures - not more than four ionic species
(two anions and two cations and excluding insoluble salts) out of the following:
Cations : NH4+, Pb2+, Ag+, Bi3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Co2+, Cr3+, Ni2+,
Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, K+
Anions : CO32– , S2–, SO2–, S2O32–, NO3–, CH3COO–, Cl–, Br–, I–, NO3–,SO42-, PO43-
, BO33-,C2O42-, F-
(Spot tests should be carried out wherever feasible)
Estimate the amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato)
nickel(II) or aluminium as oximate in a given solution gravimetrically.
Draw calibration curve (absorbance at λmax vs. concentration) for various concentrations
of a given coloured compound (KMnO4/ CuSO4) and estimate the concentration of the
same in a given solution.
Determine the composition of the Fe3+-salicylic acid complex solution by Job’s method.
Estimation of (i) Mg2+ or (ii) Zn2+ by complexometric titrations using EDTA.
Estimation of total hardness of a given sample of water by complexometric titration.
Learning Outcomes
The student will learn semi-micro analysis
The students will learn to apply the concepts of coordination chemistry Job’s method by
instrumental methods of analysis
The student will also learn the concept of complexometric titration
Section B: Physical Chemistry
(I) Surface tension measurement (use of organic solvents excluded).
Determination of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a
stalagmometer.
(II) Viscosity measurement (use of organic solvents excluded).
Determination of the relative and absolute viscosity of a liquid or dilute solution using
an Ostwald’s viscometer.
(III) Chemical Kinetics
Study the kinetics of the following reactions.
Integrated rate method:
Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid.
Compare the strengths of HCl and H2SO4 by studying kinetics of hydrolysis of
methyl acetate
Learning Outcomes
The students will learn to apply the principles of chemical kinetics for ester hydrolysis.

Reference Books:
Svehla, G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.
Mendham, J. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson, 2009.
Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand &
Co.: New Delhi (2011).
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –IV
SPH 210: Operating Systems
Hours per week: 4 End Examination: 60 Marks
Credits: 4 Sessionals: 40 Marks
Preamble: operating systems is an essential part of any computer science education. This
field is undergoing rapid change, as computers are now prevalent in virtually every arena of
day-to-day life—from embedded devices in automobiles through the most sophisticated
planning tools for governments and multinational firms.
Objectives:
To cover both traditional PC and server operating systems, as well as operating systems
for mobile devices.
To enlighten the concepts of distributed operating system, system calls and system
programs.
To explain process scheduling algorithms.
To introduce memory management techniques.
To give an over view of mass storage structure.
UNIT-I
Introduction
What Operating Systems do. Computer-System Architecture, Operating-System
Structure, Operating-System Operations, Distributed Systems, Special-purpose Systems,
Computing Environments.
System Structures: Operating-System Services, User Operating-System Interface, System
Calls, Types of System Calls, System Programs. Operating-System Structure.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
define what the operating system is.((L2)
what is the role of operating system in the computational environment. ( L1)
what is the structure of operating system. (L1)
UNIT-II
Process Management
Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Operations on Processes.
Process Scheduling: Basic Concepts, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling algorithms.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
understand process scheduling. (L2)
explain process scheduling algorithms.(L2)
UNIT-III
Process Coordination
Synchronization: Background, The Critical-Section Problem.
Deadlocks: System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Methods for Handling Deadlocks,
Deadlock Prevention.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
Summarize the methods to handle dead locks.(L3)
Learn how to avoid dead lock condition. (L1)
UNIT-IV
Memory Management
Memory-Strategies: Background, Swapping, Contiguous memory Allocation, Paging,
Segmentation.
Virtual-Memory Management: Background, Demand Paging, Copy-on-write, page
Replacement.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
explain contiguous memory.(L3)
elaborate concept of paging.(L3)
summarize virtual memory management, demand paging. (L3)
UNIT-V
File Management
File Systems: File Concept, Access Methods, Directory and Disk Structure. Secondary-
Storage Structure: Overview of Mass-Storage Structure, Disk Structure, Disk Scheduling.

Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this Unit, the student will be able to
spell the concept of file system, access methods.(L1)
make use of mass storage structure. (L3)
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, the student is able to
understand the concepts of distributed operating system, system calls and system
programs.(L3)
explain process scheduling algorithms.(L3)
relate memory management techniques.(L3)
understand mass storage structure. (L2)
Text Book:
Operating System Concepts
Abraham Silberschatz,Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gagne, 8th Edition ,2011
Reference Books:
A.S. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall of India, 2008
Operating Systems: Internals And Design Principles William
Stallings, Prentice Hall Of India, 5th Edition, 2006.
Operating Systems: A Modern Approach Gary
Nutt, Addison Wesley, 3rd Edition,2004.
Operating Systems: A Concept Based Approach
D.M.Dhamdhere, Tata Mcgraw-Hill, 2nd Edition, 2007.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –IV

SPH 228: Operating Systems Lab

Hours per week: 4 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Credits: 2

List of Experiments:

Usage of following commands: ls, pwd, tty, cat, who, who am I, rm, mkdir, rmdir, touch,
cd.
Usage of following commands: cal, cat(append), cat(concatenate), mv, cp, man, date.
Usage of following commands: chmod, grep, tput (clear, highlight), bc.
Write a shell script to check if the number entered at the command line is prime or not.
Write a shell script to modify “cal” command to display calendars of the specified
months.
Write a shell script to accept a login name. If not a valid login name display message –
“Entered login name is invalid”.
Write a shell script to display date in the mm/dd/yy format.
Write a shell script to display on the screen sorted output of “who” command along with
the total number of users .
Write a shell script to display the multiplication table of any number.
Write a shell script to find the sum of digits of a given number.
Write a shell script to find the factorial of a given number.
Write a shell script to check whether the number is Armstrong or not.

Text Books:
Unix Shell Programming
Stephan G Kochan, Patrick Wood, Sams,3rd Edition,2003.
Introduction to Unix and Shell Programming
M.G. Venkateshmurthy, Pearson, 1st Edition, 2005.
3. Unix Concepts and Applications, Sumitabha Das, 4th Edition, TMH,2006.
 B.Sc. Physical Science
SEMESTER –IV

SSE 272: Radiation Safety

Credits: 2 Continuous Evaluation: 100 Marks

Preamble: To explain the origin of radiation, its interaction and monitoring

Objective: To summarize radiation, its methods and safety measures.

UNIT-I
Basics of Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Basic concept of atomic structure; X rays characteristic and production; concept of
bremsstrahlung and auger electron, The composition of nucleus and its properties, mass
number, isotopes of element, spin, binding energy, stable and unstable isotopes, law of
radioactive decay, Mean life and half life, basic concept of alpha, beta and gamma decay,
concept of cross section and kinematics of nuclear reactions, types of nuclear reaction, Fusion,
fission.
UNIT-II
Interaction of Radiation with matter
Types of Radiation: Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Neutron and their sources, sealed and unsealed
sources, Interaction of Photons – Photoelectric effect, Compton Scattering, Pair Production,
Linear and Mass Attenuation Coefficients, Interaction of Charged Particles: Heavy charged
particles - Beth-Bloch Formula, Scaling laws, Mass Stopping Power, Range, Straggling,
Channeling and Cherenkov radiation. Beta Particles- Collision and Radiation loss
(Bremsstrahlung), Interaction of Neutrons- Collision, slowing down and Moderation.
UNIT-III
Radiation detection and monitoring devices
Radiation Quantities and Units: Basic idea of different units of activity, KERMA, exposure,
absorbed dose, equivalent dose, effective dose, collective equivalent dose, Annual Limit of
Intake (ALI) and derived Air Concentration (DAC). Radiation detection: Basic concept and
working principle of gas detectors (Ionization Chambers, Proportional Counter, Multi-Wire
Proportional Counters (MWPC) and Gieger Muller Counter), Scintillation Detectors
(Inorganic and Organic Scintillators), Solid States Detectors and Neutron Detectors, Thermo
luminescent Dosimetry.
UNIT-IV
Radiation safety management
Biological effects of ionizing radiation, Operational limits and basics of radiation hazards
evaluation and control: radiation protection standards, International Commission on
Radiological Protection (ICRP) principles, justification, optimization, limitation, introduction
of safety and risk management of radiation. Nuclear waste and disposal management.Brief
idea about Accelerator driven Sub-critical system (ADS) for waste management.
UNIT-V
Application of nuclear techniques
Application in medical science (e.g., MRI, PET, Projection Imaging Gamma Camera,
radiation therapy), Archaeology, Art, Crime detection, Mining and oil. Industrial Uses:
Tracing, Gauging, Material Modification, Sterization, Food preservation.
Course Outcomes:

Enables to compare various radiation, its methods for detection and safety (L2)