a Anatomy & Physiology - Lecture BB NMA EDUCATION STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BS NURSING / FIRST YEAR Session #5 TSSON TITLE: SKELETAL SYSTEM: BONES AND JOINTS Materials: (Cae) Book, pen and notebook LEARNING OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this lessor., you can: 1, Enumerate the major functions of skeletal system; Describe the categories of bone based on their shape; Identify the structural differences of the two major types of bone based on histological structure; Identify the role of bone in calcium homeostasis; Reference: Deets en EMO Varun c, Baas Seer 2010 11 List the anatomical terms for major felons ofa bone Kroes Net cE Mea Oo ea TET CENCE eT LESSON REVIEWIPREVIEW EalUs have 2 quick review in the previous lesson. For the words listed below, define them using less than p hards, one-word description is accepted, too. Just simply write whatever information pops oUt from your mind after reading the item. This will serve as your assessment for quick grasp to the idea of the word Presented. Here's an example for you: Epidermis — outermost skin layer, Have fun! 1. Hypodermis 7 peerest layer of Skin 2. Bums — Pamaged tissues caved by heat 3. Nai Matric Confinuotion of yoots seen = Bluish discelorotion of Skin Basal Cell Carcinoma_— eee 8 nae MAIN LESSON You must read & study the concepts and refer to figuresftables in Chapter 6 of the book Major Functions of Skeletal SfStem: 1. Itprovides the major support for the body. Bone protects internal organs. Joints allow movement between bones. Bones store and release minerals as needed by the body. Bone marrow gives rise to blood cells and platelets. This document and the information thereon is the property of . PHINMA Education (Department of Nursing) 1 of 8e Increased blood Ca®* y a Wh the blood calcium is inercased s sti Cake fan aatcitonin secretion from the thyroid gland. deposit into bone OC1as's: allows for enhanced osteoblast uptake of Ca* from the blood to v7 Decreased blood Ca** Anatomical Ti There are 20 Table 6.1 of t erms for Bone Features 6 bones in the average adult skeleton, divided into axial & appendicular portions. (Refer to the book, page 119.) feat Term Description (Refer to Table 6.2. nage 119) Body / Shaft Z main portion Head ~_ enlarged end (often rounded) Neck canstricted area between head & body | Condyle smooth, rounded articular surface eacey ‘small, flattened articular surface Crest prominent ridge Process prominent projection Tubercle / Tuberosity knob or enlargement Trochanter large tuberosity found only on proximal femur Epicondyle enlargement near or above a condyle Foramen hole Canal / Meatus tunnel, Fissure cleft Sinus cavity Fossa depression CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to the correct answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in your answer/ratio is not allowed. You are given 20 minutes for this activity Multiple Choice 4. Which of the following describes the remodeling process of a bone? (Select all that apply)” a._is essential for maintaining blood calcium levels b. continues throughout the adulthood of the individual (18 years old for female, 21 years old for male) . is accomplished by the actions of the osteoclasts and osteoblasts is controlled by the actions of Parathyroid Hormone, and Calcitonin. d ANSWER: A,C,Q_ This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA Education (Department of Nursing)Jf RATION NL sf she choices dtvociben tele YOG+MUNI BIRESSS ne xcept jekiee 2, The functions of the skeletal system include all of the following except: tion a. support and protection d. blood cell produc , movement and leverage @._ storage of minerals c. transport of materials via its fluid matrix ANSWER: RATION Tettie C does mot include _in te _ functions of the. See etal Sys tur 3. The skeletal system helps maintain homeostasis by: ‘a. Acting as a calcium buffer and storage site. d. Acting as a blood cell production site. . Acting as a phosphate buffer & storage site. fe. Allof these aid in maintaining homeostasis. ©. Acling as an energy buffer and storage site. This only includes A, C, D. ANSWER: _f RATIO: Uji ate ae nid jn __nairtaiving bomoos tasis 4, The extracellular matrix of bone: ‘contains collagen and minerals. ha a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals (hydroxyapaiité) is entirely composed of proteoglycans. contains collagen & minerals & a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite) are correct. e._has.a high proportion of hydroxyap tite and is entirely composed of proteoglycans are correct. ANSWER: RATIO: Gontoiny Cllagen _Jy_miherals 5, Bones are a type of: 2. cartilage. 4. connective tissue. b. epithelial tissue. €. multicellular membrane. c, muscle tissue. ANSWER RATIO: nee is A type of connective _ tissue 6. The extracellular matrix of tendons ai.d ligaments is made up of: ‘a. primarily collagen fibers. 4. osteocytes. b. collagen and minerals. e. chondrocytes, c. collagen and protesalycan ANSWER: __A Z RATION The eytvacetfolay _mabix of {erdons and \igarents iy _made Up ok primarily collagen Gb 7. During growth of a long bone, the'site of growth in length is the: a. medullary cavity. : epiphyseal plate, b. marrow. 4. endosteum. This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA Education (Department of Nursing) 6 of 9ANSWeR, Perigsteum RATIO: Me site The SHE of athe length isthe _Epighyseal platt ee a aig ea a S ea 8. Thi e oe auca of bone ir covered by a connective tissue layer called the: a ; ._ periosteum o. dapat ©. endostet ANSWER: ca RATIO:__Mest of the outer surface of bone 1 _Cortrtd_ by 3 periosteum 9. Which of the following is a characteristic of long bone? (Select all that apply) a. has a medullary cavity in the diaphysis. ._ has periosteum lining the medullary cavit b. has red & yellow marrow in its cavities. d._has a diaphysis at each end. ANSWER: RATIO oth Cand art nok __ Correct 10. Pepper is a vegan (a vegetarian that does not eat any aninial products including dairy or eggs). After a series of unexplained bone fractures, her doctor completes some tests and discovers that her levels of parathyroid hormone are elevated. Which of the following hypoiheses would be the most plausible? ‘a. The lack of meat in her diet is causing anemia and preventing bone growth. b. The lack of dairy in her diet has severely restricted the amount of calcium she has available. This deficiency stimulated the release of PTH, which caused more of the calcium stores in her bones to be mobilized. The deficiency has gone on for so long that she has weakened her bones. c. The lack of dairy in her diet has severely restricted the amount of calcium she has available. This deficiency stimulated the release of calcitonin, which caused more of the calcium stores in her bones to be mobilized. The deficiency has gone on for so long that she has weakened her bones. d. Her parathyroid glands are malfunctioning and producing too much calcitonin thereby stimulating osteoblast activity and weakening her bones. ANSWER: . ‘ RATIO: More calerym ace __Stoved in peppers rove —be caus ber deficiency shmulatd th veleacg of PTH