CO ORDINATE GEOMETRY

1) Using the points A(1, 3), B(4, 7), C( 3, 2), D( 3, 2), E( 4, 1), find the lengths of the following
lines:
a) AB, b) AC, c) BC, d) CD, e) BE, f) DE.

2) Using the points A(5, 2), B( 1, 2), C( 6, 7) and D(1, 9), find the lengths of:
a) AB, b) BC, c) CD, d) DA, e) AC, f) BD.

3) Using the points P(7, 4), Q(5, 6), R( 3, 5) and S(0, 8), find the mid-points of:
a) PQ, b) PR, c) PS, d) QR, e) QS, f) RS.

4) A triangle XYZ has vertices X(6, 2), Y(2, 5) and Z( 1, 1).

a) Find the lengths of the sides of the triangle.

b) What type of triangle is XYZ ? [Hint: Check Pythagoras!]
c) Find the co-ordinates of the point M, the mid-point of XZ.
d) Calculate the area of XYZ .

5) A triangle PQR has vertices at P(4, 2), Q(10, 2) and R( 2, 6). M is the mid-point of PQ and N is
the mid-point of QR.

a) Find the co-ordinates of M and N.

b) Show that the length of PR is twice the length of MN.

6) Prove that the point (4, 4) is equidistant (of equal distance) from the points (1, 0) and ( 1, 4).

7) A quadrilateral PQRS has vertices at P( 4, 8), Q(9, 6), R(11, 7) and S( 2, 5).

a) Find the lengths of the four sides of PQRS.

b) Find the co-ordinates of the mid-points of the diagonals PR and QS.
c) Without using a diagram, prove that PQRS is not a square. [Hint: Diagonals!]

8) The distance between the points (a, 0) and (0, a) is equal to the distance between the points (1, 2) and
( 1, 3). Find the possible values of a.

9) For each of the following lines; i) find the gradients and intercepts of the line,
ii) sketch the graph of the line.
a) y = x + 2, b) y = 2 3x, c) 2y = 4 x, d) 2x + y = 0,
1 5
e) 6x 3y = 9, f) 7x + 3y = 9, g) x + 2y + 7 = 0, h) x + y = 6,
8 4
i) y = 7.

Which 2 of the above lines are parallel? Give a reason for your choice.
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10) 8 points have coordinates as follows: A(3, 4), B(6, 10), C(8, 3), D(6, 2), E(0, 5), F( 4, 7),
G( 1, 4), H( 4, 2).
11
y B
10

4
A
3 C
H 2

0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x 9
-1

-2
D

-3
G -4
E
-5

-6
F -7

-8

i) Find, by calculation, the gradients of the following lines: a) AB, b) DC, c) BC, d) AG, e) AE,
f) GE, g) FG, h) ED, i) HA, j) FE.

ii) Show, by calculation, that HG is parallel to AD.

iii) Show, by calculation, that the points A, B and G are collinear (lie on a straight line).

iv) Show, by calculation, that the points D, E and F are collinear.

11) For each of the following, calculate the gradients of AB and CD and hence determine whether the line
AB is parallel or perpendicular to the line CD.

a) A(0, 1), B(1, 1), C(1, 5), D( 1, 1)

b) A(1, 1), B(3, 2), C( 1, 1), D(0, 1)

c) A(3, 3), B( 3, 1), C( 1, 1), D(1, 7)

d) A(2, 6), B( 1, 9), C(2, 11), D(0, 1).

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12) The points A(1, 5), B(4, 1) and C( 2, 4) form a triangle ABC.

a) Calculate the gradients of AB, BC and AC.

b) Show that the angle ABC = 90o.
c) Find the area of the triangle ABC.

13) A circle, radius 2 units, centre the origin, cuts the x axis at the points A and B and cuts the positive
y axis at C.

a) Write down the co ordinates of the points A, B and C.

b) Use gradients to prove that the angle ACB = 90o.

14) ABCD is a quadrilateral where A, B, C and D are the points (3, 1), (6, 0), (7, 3) and (4, 2)
respectively. Prove that the diagonals bisect each other at right angles.
{Hint: find the mid-points of the diagonals AC and BD to check bisection,
use gradients to show that the diagonals are at right angles to each other.}

15) Find the equations of the following lines.

1
a) Passing through A(1, 1) with gradient 1, b) Passing through A(3, 2) with gradient 3 ,

c) Passing through A(0, 4) with gradient 3, d) Passing through (8, 1) with gradient = 3,

2
e) Passing through (4, 5) with gradient = 3 , f) Passing through (7, 0) with gradient = 1 21 .

16) Find the equations of the lines which pass through the following pairs of points.

a) (2, 2) and (8, 5), b) ( 7, 5) and ( 3, 7), c) (3, 2) and ( 3, 4),

d) ( 2, 3) and (3, 2), e) (4, 2) and (3, 8), f) (4, 3) and (6, 0).

2
17) a) Find, in the form y = mx + c, the equation of the line with gradient 3 and passing through the
point (2, 2)

b) Rearrange the formula to show that the equation of the line can be written 3 y 2x = 2 .

c) Use algebra to verify that the line passes through the point (8, 6).

18) a) Find the equation of the line which passes through the points (2, 2) and (5, 8).

b) Does the line pass through the point ( 2, 6) ? Give a reason for your answer.

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19) a) Find the gradient of the line joining the points A ( 1, 2) and B(3, 4).
b) Hence find the equation of the line joining the points A and B in the form y = mx + c.
c) Rearrange the formula to show that the equation of the line can be written 2 y x = 5 .
d) The line cuts the x-axis at the point P and the y-axis at the point Q.
y
2y x = 5
Find the coordinates of P and Q.

P x

20) a) Find the gradient of the line joining the points A (1, 3) and B(4, 1).
b) Hence find the equation of the line joining the points A and B in the form y = mx + c.
c) Rearrange the formula to show that the equation of the line can be written 3 y + 2 x = 11 .
d) The line cuts the x-axis at the point P and the y-axis at the point Q.
y
Find the coordinates of P and Q.
3y + 2x =11

P x

B
21) Points A and B have coordinates ( 3, 1) and (7, 4).

a) Find the coordinates of M, the midpoint of AB.

b) Find the gradient of AB. M
c) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB. A
d) Find the coordinates of the point where this line crosses the x-axis.

22) The co ordinates of A and B are (3, 2) and (4, 5) respectively. Find the co ordinates of the
mid point of AB and the gradient of AB.

Hence find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB, giving your answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.

23) The co ordinates of A and B are (3, 3) and ( 6, 0) respectively. Find the co ordinates of the
mid point of AB and the gradient of AB.

Hence find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB, giving your answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
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24) The equation of the straight line l1 is x + 3y 33 = 0. The point P is (3, 0) and the point Q is (6, 9).
The straight line l2 is parallel to l1 and passes through P.

i) Find the equation of l2, giving your answer in the form ax + by + c = 0.

ii) Verify that Q lies on l1.

iii) Show that the line joining P and Q is perpendicular to l1.

iv) Find the perpendicular distance between l1 and l2.

25) The equation of the straight line l1 is x + 6y 24 = 0. The point P is (1, 64) and the point
Q is (12, 2). The straight line l2 is parallel to l1 and passes through P.

i) Find the equation of l2, giving your answer in the form ax + by + c = 0.

ii) Verify that Q lies on l1.

iii) Show that the line joining P and Q is perpendicular to l1.

iv) Find the perpendicular distance between l1 and l2.

26) The straight line p passes through the point (10, 1) and is perpendicular to the line r with equation
2x + y = 1. Find the equation of p.

Find also the co ordinates of the point of intersection of p and r, and deduce the perpendicular
distance from the point (10, 1) to the line r.

27) The quadrilateral ABCD has vertices A(2, 5), B(0, 9), C( 5, 6) and D( 3, 6).

a) Find the equations of the diagonals AC and BD.

b) Find the co ordinates of the point, P, where these two diagonals meet.
[Hint: simultaneous equations!]

c) Show that P is not the mid point of either of the two diagonals.

28) a) Find the equation of the perpendicular from the point A(5, 3) to the 2x y+4=0
line 2x y + 4 = 0.

b) Find the coordinates of the point P where the two lines meet. P

c) Hence find the shortest distance from A to the line 2x y + 4 = 0.

A

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 y
29) B

C A

O x

The diagram, not drawn to scale, shows a trapezium OABC with OA parallel to CB. Given that B is
the point (4, 3), C is the point (0, 2) and the diagonal CA is parallel to the x axis, calculate the
co ordinates of A. {Hint: you do not need to find the equations of any lines etc.!}

y B
30) The diagram shows a square OABC. A is the point (7, 1).
C
Find, in any order, the co ordinates of B and C.

A(7, 1)

O x

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ANSWERS.
1) a) 5 units, b) 17 units, c) 74 units, d) 4 units, e) 10 units, f) 10 units.
2) a) 6 units, b) 106 units, c) 53 units, d) 137 units, e) 202 units, f) 125 units.
3) a) (6, 1), b) (2, 4 5), c) (3 5, 2), d) (1, 0 5), e) (2 5, 7), f) ( 1 5, 1 5).
4) a) XY = 5 units, YZ = 5 units, XZ = 50 units, b) Isosceles & right angled, c) M = (2 5, 1 5),
d) 12 5 units2.
5) a) M = (7, 0), N = (4, 4), b) PR = 10 units, MN = 5 units etc.
7) a) All 4 sides are of length 173 units, b) both mid-points coincide at (3 5, 0 5), c) {PQRS is actually a
rhombus!}.
8) a = ± 25 .
9) a) m = 1, c = 2, b) m = 3, c = 2, c) m = 21 , c = 2, d) m = 2, c = 0, e) m = 2, c = 3, f) m = 73 , c = 3,
g) m = 21 , c = 3 5, h) m = 101 , c = 4 8, i) m = 0, c = 7.
10 i) a) 2, b) 2 5, c) 3 5, d) 2, e) 3, f) 1, g) 1, h) 21 , i) 27 , j) 21 .
11) a) 2, 2; parallel, b) 21 , 2; perpendicular, c) 13 , 3; perpendicular, d) 5,5; parallel.
12) a) 2, 21 , 3 respectively. b) Check that the product of the appropriate gradients = 1. c) 22 5 units2.
13) a) A(2, 0), B( 2, 0) or visa versa. C(0, 2).
15) a) y = x, b) 3y = x 9, c) y = 4 3x, d) y = 3x 23, e) 3y = 2x 23, f) 3x + 2y = 21.
16) a) 2y = x + 2, b) y = 3x 16, c) 3y + x = 9, d) y = x + 1, e) y = 6x 26, f) 2y 3x + 18 = 0.
17) a) y = 23 x + 23 , c) 3y 2x = 3×6 2×8 = 2 and thus (8, 6) lies on the line.
18) a) y = 2x 2, b) No. Why?
19) a) 21 , b) y = 21 x + 25 , d) P = ( 5, 0), Q = (0, 25 ) .
20) a) 2
3 , b) y = 2
3 x + 11
3 , d) P = (5 5, 0), Q = (0, 11
3 ).
21) a) (2, 2 5), b) 103 , c) 6y = 55 20x, d) (2 75, 0).
22) (3 5, 1 5), 7, 7y x + 2 = 0.
23) ( 1 5, 1 5), 13 , y + 3x + 3 = 0.
24) i) x + 3y 3 = 0, ii) check co ordinates of Q satisfy equation of l1, iii) check product of gradients etc.,
iv) 90 units.
25) i) x + 6y + 383 = 0, ii) check co ordinates of Q satisfy equation of l1, iii) check product of gradients
etc., iv) 4477 units.
26) 2y = x 8, (2, 3), 80 units.
27) a) AC: 7y = 11x + 13, BD: y + 5x + 9 = 0, b) P = ( 1 15 23 ,
17
23 ), c) check mid points of each diagonal.

28) a) 2y + x = 11, b) (0 6, 5 2), c) 4 9193496 units.

29) (8, 2).
30) B = (6, 8), C = ( 1, 7).

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