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TITLE : To Analyze & Implement Adder and
Subtractor
DATE OF
: 21th April, 2021
EXPERIMENT
Lab Number : 10
NAME : ___________________
ROLL NO : ___________________
Mechanical DLD Lab Page 1
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Objectives:
To Understand, Design and Implement Half Adder and Full Adder.
To Understand, Design and Implement Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor.
Equipment:
Logic Gates IC’s.
Trainer.
Connecting wires.
Theory:
In digital circuits systems, signals are needed to added up on some points as well
as subtraction of two also needed somewhere. So, we need to learn about the addition and
subtraction of digital signals using different logics. In many computers and other types of
processors, adders are used to calculate addresses, similar operations and table indices in
the ALU and also in other parts of the processors etc.
Half Adder:
An adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. The half adder adds
two binary digits called as augend and addend and produces two outputs as sum and carry.
Let’s see an addition of single bits.
0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1 + 1 = 10
So, we can sum up the half adder circuit and truth table like shown below;
Mechanical DLD Lab Page 2
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As seen from truth table, it is observed that “SUM of two bits is simply the XOR
operation between input A and B, where as the “CARRY” is the AND of input A and B.
Full Adder:
The full adder adds 3 one-bit numbers, where two can be referred to as operands
and one can be referred to as bit carried in. And produces 2-bit output, and these can be
referred to as output carry and sum.
Truth Table
Block Diagram:
Mechanical DLD Lab Page 3
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Full Adder (Using Gates)
Half Subtractor:
The half-Subtractor is a combinational circuit which is used to perform subtraction
of two bits. It has two inputs, A (minuend) and B (subtrahend) and two outputs D
(difference) and B (borrow).
The truth table and block diagram is given as;
As seen the difference of two input A and B is XOR operation between inputs,
where as the borrow is A’.B.
Full Subtractor:
A full subtractor is a combinational circuit that performs the subtraction of three
bits. It consists of three inputs and two outputs.
Consider that we want to subtract three 1-bit numbers. The numbers are X, Y and
Z then a difference bit (D) and a borrow bit (B) will get generated.For example, if the
numbers are 1, 1, and 0 then, the difference bit and the borrow bit will be both 0. If we
calculate all such combinations of these three bits, then we would end up forming the
following kind of a table known as the truth table for full subtractor.
Truth Table
Mechanical DLD Lab Page 4
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Block Diagram
Full Subtractor (Using Gates)
Mechanical DLD Lab Page 5
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Lab Tasks
Task 1:
1. Find the output equation for sum and carry-out of half and full adder.
2. Make their logic diagram using equations.
3. Implement half and full adder circuits.
4. Verify all combination of half and full adder with truth table.
Task 2:
1. Find the output equation for Difference and borrow-out of half and full Subtractor.
2. Make their logic diagram using equations.
3. Implement half and full Subtractor circuits.
4. Verify all combination of half and full Subtractor with truth table.
Mechanical DLD Lab Page 6
