Chapter 6

Venn Diagrams

CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS

☞ Venn Diagrams ☞ Venn Diagram Type II

☞ Venn Diagram Type I

Venn Diagrams A and B only = d

B and C only = e
Venn Diagrams are diagrammatic representation of sets,
C and A only = f
using geometrical figures like circles, triangles, and rectan-
All the three (A, B, and C) = r
gles. Each geometrical figure represents a group as shown
Both A and B = d + r
in the examples. The area common to two or more figures
Both B and C = e + r
represent those elements which are common to two or more
Both C and D = f + r
groups. There are various models in Venn diagrams, which
Neither A, nor B, nor C = n
we will discuss with examples.
A, B, or C and none = m
Also, m = (A ∪ B ∪ C) + n
Venn Diagram Type I
Here, the rectangle represents the sample space, which con-
In this type, two, three, or four different groups could be sists of three groups A, B, and C, and also n, which is the
given with some elements common to two or more groups. number of people belonging to neither A, nor B, nor C.
Let us observe the diagram given. Some more formulae are as given under:
m 1. A′ = (b + e + c) + n; where A′ = A complement (not
in A)
A B 2. B′ = (a + f + c) + n; where B′ = B complement (not
a d b in B)
r 3. C′ = (a + d + b) + n; where C′ = C complement (not
f e
in C)
c 4. A − B = A – (A ∩ B)
C 5. A Δ B = (A – B) ∪ (B − A)
n 6. Number of people (or things) belonging to at least
one out of the three groups = A ∪ B ∪ C
Here, A, B, and C are three different groups, and the various = (a + b + c) + (d + e + f ) + r
regions can be explained as follows: ↑ ↑ ↑
Only A = a exactly one exactly two exactly three
Only B = b 7. A + B + C = (A ∪ B ∪ C) + (d + e + f ) + 2r
Only C = c = (a + b + c) + 2 (d + e + f ) + 3r

Unit II_Chapter 6.indd 198 5/22/2017 12:51:21 PM

 Chapter 6  ■  Venn Diagrams  |  1.199

µ = 150
Solved Examples
P
Direction for questions 1 to 3:  These questions are based Q
12 9 14
on the data given.
In a class of 165 students, 45 students are passed in 8
15 18
Maths a well as in English, whereas 60 students are failed
in Maths and 65 students are failed in English. 16
R
Example 1:  How many students are passed in exactly one
subject? Example  4:  How many elements are there in Q′
(A) 160 (B) 100 (complement of Q)?
(C) 115 (D) 165 (A) 100 (B) 49 (C) 101 (D) 50
Example 2: How many students are failed in both the
Example 5:  How many elements are there in P′ ∩ Q′ ∩ R′?
subjects?
(A) 35 (B) 8 (C) 58 (D) 48
(A) 25 (B) 20 (C) 45 (D) 5
Example 6:  How many elements are there in R?
Example 3: How many students are failed only in
(A) 16 (B) 57 (C) 41 (D) 8
Maths?
(A) 55 (B) 60 (C) 65 (D) 70 Example 7:  How many elements are there in P ∩ (Q ∪ R)?
Solutions for questions 1 to 3:  (A) 32 (B) 48 (C) 54 (D) 44
Since, 60 students are failed in Maths. Solutions for questions 4 to 7: 
\ 165 – 60 = 105 students passed in Maths similarly, Solution 4:  Number of elements in Q′ = (m) – (number of
65 students failed in English. elements in Q)
\ 165 – 65 = 100 students passed in English. = 150 – (14 + 18 + 8 + 9)
The respective Venn diagrams is as follows, which shows ⇒ 150 – 49 = 101.
the number of students who passed the subject. Hence, the correct option is (C).
Solution 5:  Number of elements in P′ ∩ Q′ ∩ R′
m = 165
= m – (P ∪ Q ∪ R)
Maths = 105 English = 100 = 150 – (12 + 15 + 9 + 8 + 18 + 16 + 14)
= 150 – 92 = 58.
a 45 b
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Solution 6:  Number of elements in R = 16 + 15 + 8 + 18 = 57
n
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Solution 7:  Number of elements in Q ∪ R =
45 students passed in Maths as well as English.
\ a = 105 – 45 = 60 students passed only in Maths and (14 + 9 + 8 + 15 + 18 + 16)
b = 100 – 45 = 55 students passed only English. Number of elements in P = (12 + 9 + 15 + 8)
Number of students passed in atleast one subject = 60 + P ∩ (Q ∪ R) is the region common to P and Q ∪ R
55 + 45 = 160. Number of elements in P ∩ (Q ∪ R)
Hence, n = 165 – 160 = 5 students failed in both.
= 9 + 8 +15 = 32.
Solution 1:  a + b = 60 + 55 = 115 students passed exactly Hence, the correct option is (A).
in one subject.
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Venn Diagram Type II
Solution 2:  5 students failed in both the subjects. In this type, Venn diagrams are used to establish relation-
Hence, the correct option is (D). ship between the given groups. In other words, two or more
groups are given, and the Venn diagram, which most cor-
Solution 3: As 55 students passed only in English which
rectly establishes a relation between them, has to be chosen
implies that 55 students failed only in Maths.
out of the various Venn diagrams given in the choices. Let
Hence, the correct option is (A).
us look at some of the examples given.
Direction for questions 4 to 7:  These questions are based Examples:  Animals, Cat, Dog
on the given diagram.

Unit II_Chapter 6.indd 199 5/22/2017 12:51:21 PM

 1.200  |  Part I  ■  Part B  ■  Unit 2  ■ Reasoning

Animals We know that day is a part of the week and week is a part
of the month. So, the given diagram is the most appropriate
representation of the given groups.
Cat Dog
Examples:  Mars, Earth, Jupiter

Here, in animals we have many species of which cat and

dog are two different kinds of species, having nothing in
common. So the above diagram is the most appropriate rep-
resentation of the given groups.
Examples:  Month, week, day
We know that Mars, Earth, and Jupiter are three independ-
Month
ent entities having nothing in common. So the above-given
Week diagram is the most appropriate representation of the given
Day
groups.

Exercises
Direction for questions 1 to 5: There are 1500 students Direction for questions 6 to 10:  These questions are based
in a college. Each student can be a member of three stu- on the data given.
dent communities namely P, Q, and R. Now, using the data In a class of 95 students, 40 play cricket, 50 play football,
mentioned and the diagram given, answer the questions that and 10 play both cricket and football.
follow. 6. How many students play only football?
(A) 45 (B) 30 (C) 40 (D) 28
P Q
7. How many students play at least one game?
(A) 80 (B) 70 (C) 60 (D) 50
240 20
10
8. How many students play only cricket?
30 (A) 30 (B) 35 (C) 40 (D) 25
9. How many students play exactly one game?
(A) 85 (B) 80 (C) 70 (D) 75
R
10. How may students play neither cricket nor football?
(A) 12 (B) 15 (C) 18 (D) 20
•• Total members in community P is 300.
•• Total members in community Q is 420. Direction for questions 11 to 15:  Study the following data
•• Total members in community R is 490. and answer the questions given.
1. How many students are part of only community R? In a certain college, 37% of the students write EAMCET
(A) 360 (B) 420 (C) 210 (D) 350 exam, 47% of the students write IIT-JEE exam, and 50%
of the students write AIEEE exam. Also known that, 11%
2. How many students is not part of any community?
of the students write both EAMCET and IIT-JEE, 11% of
(A) 390 (B) 420 (C) 410 (D) 490
the students write both EAMCET and AIEEE, 15% of the
3. How many students are part of at least two communities? students write both IIT-JEE and AIEEE, while 15 students
(A) 10 (B) 30 write all the three exams. Each student in the college writes
(C) 80 (D) 90 at least one of the three exams.
4. How many students are part of at least one community? 11. How many students appear for the exams from the
(A) 1000 (B) 1090 college?
(C) 1110 (D) 1100 (A) 400 (B) 200
5. How many students are part of exactly two communities? (C) 500 (D) 600
(A) 90 (B) 80 12. How many students write exactly two exams?
(C) 100 (D) 120 (A) 120 (B) 110 (C) 140 (D) 150

Unit II_Chapter 6.indd 200 5/22/2017 12:51:22 PM

 Chapter 6  ■  Venn Diagrams  |  1.201

13. The number of students who write only EAMCET as 19. How many books are there, which contain information
a percentage of the number of students who write only regarding at most two subjects?
AIEEE is (A) 11 (B) 64 (C) 72 (D) 75
1 2 20. If the number of books on only sports is equal to 26,
(A) 33 % (B) 66 %
3 3 then how many books are there in the library, which are
2 1 on both business and current affairs but not sports?
(C) 33 % (D) 66 %
3 3 (A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 8
14. How many students write exactly one exam? Direction for questions 21 to 25: These questions are
(A) 345 (B) 395 (C) 198 (D) 398
based on the data given.
15. What is the ratio of the number of students who write In a colony, it is known that three brands of mobile phones
only AIEEE to that of those who write only IIT JEE? are used, namely Nokia, Sony Ericsson, and Motorola.
(A) 3 : 2 (B) 2 : 3 (C) 8 : 9 (D) 9 : 8 70 families use only one brand, 47 families use exactly two
Direction for questions 16 to 20: These questions are brands, and 8 use all the three brands. It is assumed that each
based on the data given. family uses at least one of these three brands.
In a library maintained by a student, there are books on 21. How many families are there in the colony?
different subjects. It was found that 35 books are on sports, 45 (A) 75 (B) 100 (C) 105 (D) 125
books are on business, and 15 books are on current affairs;14 22. How many families use at least two brands?
books are on at least two subjects among sports, business, and (A) 117 (B) 55 (C) 47 (D) 125
current affairs; 3 books have sports, business as well as current 23. If 10 families stop using Nokia and start using Motorola,
affairs in them. Every book in the library is assumed to contain then what is the maximum number of families who use
at least one of sports, business, or current affairs in them. exactly two brands?
16. How many books are there, which contain information (A) 57 (B) 37 (C) 47 (D) 67
regarding only one subject? 24. What is the ratio of the number of families which use
(A) 58 (B) 64 (C) 60 (D) 62 exactly one brand to that which use at least one brand?
17. What are the total number of books in his library? (A) 14 : 25 (B) 14 : 11
(A) 78 (B) 72 (C) 68 (D) 80 (C) 11 : 25 (D) 11 : 14
18. How many books contained information regarding 25. How many families do not use all the three brands?
exactly two subjects? (A) 125 (B) 117 (C) 0 (D) 8
(A) 11 (B) 10 (C) 9 (D) 14

Answer Keys
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B
11. C 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. D 20. A
21. D 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. B

Unit II_Chapter 6.indd 201 5/22/2017 12:51:22 PM