A. POLITICAL CONDITION 18.

A family of x (10) persons can be supported on two

trees, by utilizing them week about for the wine
33. Then he had a cross carried in and the nails and a 29. They get wine in the following manner. They bore a
crown, to which immediate reverence was made. He hole into the heart of the said palm at the top called
told the kings through the interpreter that they were palmito, from which distills a liquor which resembles
the standards given to him by the emperor his white must. That liquor is sweet but somewhat tart
sovereign, so that wherever he might go he might and is gathered in canes of bamboo as thick as the
set up those tokens leg and thicker. The fasten the bamboo to the tree
41. The king of Mazaua, who was the most influential at evening for the morning, and in the morning for
after that king and the seignior of a number os the evening
island, went ashore or speak to the king of the great 43. Those people live in accordance with justice and
courtesy of our captain general have weights and measures. They have wooden
47. The king replied that he wished to become a balances of which has a cord in the middle by which
Christian but that some of his chiefs did not wish to it is held to weigh products accurately
obey, because they said that they were as good as 46. For metal, irons, and large merchandise they gave
men as he. us gold. For the other small articles, they gave a
54. The king told him that he was welcome but that it rice, swine, goats, and other food
was their custom for all ships that entered their
ports to pay tribute, and that it was but four days D. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
since a junk from Ciama laden with gold and slaves
had paid him tribute 22. Their seignior was an old man who was painted
58. Then our captain had all the chiefs of the king called (tattoed)
and told them that unless they obeyed the king as 25. They have very black hair that falls to their waist
their king, he would have them killed and would give 27. He had three spots of gold, every tooth and his
their possessions to the king teeth appeared as if bound with gold. He was
perfumed with storax and benzoin. He was tawny
B. SOCIAL LIFE and painted all over
35. Their women are clad in tree cloth from their waist
19. Those people became very familiar with us. They down and their hair is black and reaches to the
told us many things, their names and those of some ground
of the islands that could be seen from that place. 49. The queen was young and beautiful and was entirely
We took great pleasure in them for they were very covered with a white and black cloth. Her mouth and
pleasant and conversable nails were very red, while on her head she wore a
31. When those kings wished to see one another, they large hat of palm leaves in the manner of a parasol,
both went to hunt in that island where we were with a crown about it of the same leaves, like the
45. Their houses are constructed of wood and are built tiara of the Pope
of planks and bamboo, raised high from the ground
on large logs and one must enter them by means of E. PEACE OFFERINGS
ladders
50. The captain, knowing that the queen was very much 24. We stayed there one week, and during that time or
pleased with the child Jesus gave it to her, telling captain went ashore daily to visit the sick, and every
her to keep it in place of her idols, for it was a morning gave them cocoanut water from his own
memory of the son of God. Thanking him heartily, hand which comforted them greatly
she accepted it 28. At noon Friday March 22, those men came as they
had promised us in two boats with cocoanuts, sweet
C. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES oranges, a jar of palm-wine and a cock, in order to
show us that there were fowls in that district. They
16. When they saw the captain’s courtesy they exhibited great signs of pleasure at seeing us
presented fish, a jar of palm wine which they call 30. The captain-general gave the king a garment of red
uraca, figs more than one palmo long and yellow cloth made in the Turkish fashion and a
17. Cocoanuts are the fruit of the palm tree. Just as we fine red cap; and to the others, to some knives and
have bread, wine oil, and vinegar so those people to other minors. Then the captain-general had a
got everything from that tree collation spread for them and had the king told

Adrian Gabriel D. Maranan FINALS | READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

 through the slave that he desired to be casi casi with 40. The sails were lowered and arrange as it for battle,
them and the artillery was fired, an action which caused
great fear to the people
53. At midnight sixty men of use set out armed with
F. RELIGIOUS BELIEFS corselets an helmets, together with the Christian
king, the prince, some of the chief men, and twenty
34. They replied that they worshipped nothing but that or thirty balanghais
they raise their clasped hands and their face to the 55. The natives shot only at our legs, for the latter were
sky and that they called their god “Abba” bare; and so many spears and stones hurled at us
51. One day the captain general asked the king and the that we could offer no resistance
other people why they did not burn their idols as 56. The battle was fought on Saturday, April 7, 1521.
they had promised when they became Christians. The captain desired to fight on Saturday, because it
They replied that what they were doing was not for was the day especially holy to him
themselves, but for the sick man who had not
spoken now for four days, so that the idols might I. RITUALS
give him health
57. They say that if God would lend them life, they 31. Before the commencement of the Mass the captain
would burn all the idols they could find, even if they sprinkled the entire bodies of the two kings with
were in the king’s house. Those idols are made of musk water. The kings went forward to kiss the
wood, and are hollow and lack the back parts cross as we did but made no offerings
36. It was necessary to set that cross on the summit of
G. CULTURAL PRACTICES the highest mountain, so that on seeing it every
morning, they might adore it; and if they did that,
20. Pieces of gold, of the size of walnuts and eggs, are neither thunder, lightning nor storms would harm
found by sifting the earth in the island of that king them in the least
who came to our ships. All the dishes of the king are 42. The king said that he was satisfied, and that if the
of gold and also some portion of his house, captain wishes to become his friend, he should send
according to their customers he was grandly decked him a drop of blood from his right arm, and he
our and the finest looking man that we saw among himself would do the same as a sign of the most
those people sincere friendship
24. They anointed themselves with cocoanut and with 48. They must burn all idols and set up a cross in their
beneseed oil, as a protection against the sun and place. They were to adore that cross daily with
wind clasped hands and every morning were to make a
25. They use daggers, knives and spears ornamented sign of the cross and they ought to come hourly at
with gold, large shields, fascines, javelins, and least in the morning, to that cross and adore it
fishing nets that resembles rizali (a fine thickly kneeling
woven net used for fishing) and their boats were
just like ours J. GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE
37. These people are constantly chewing a fruit which
they call areca, which resembles a pear. They cut 22. They lie in x degrees of latitude toward the Artic
the fruit into four parts, then wrap it in the leaves of Pole, and in a longitude of one hundred and thirty-
their tree which they call bretre mix it with a little one degrees from the line of demarcation
lime, chewed it thoroughly, spit it which makes their 38. On asking which port was best to get food, they
mouth exceedingly red report that there were three, namely, Zubu (Cebu),
44. The youth play on pipes made like ours which they Ceylon (Leyte), and Calaghann (Calagan), but that
call subili Zubu was the largest and the one with most trade
59. On Wednesday morning as one of our men had died 39. The land is called Mazaua and is twenty-five leagues
during the previous night, the interpreter and I went from the Acquada. It lies at the latitude of nine and
to ask the king where we could bury him two thirds towards the Artic Pole and in a longitude
of 162 degrees from the line of demarcation
H. WARFARE 52. There are many villages in the island. Their names
and those of their chiefs are as follows: Cinghapola
and its chiefs, Cilaton, Ciguibucan, Cimaningha,
Cimatichat, and Cicanbul, one, Mandaui and its
Adrian Gabriel D. Maranan FINALS | READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 chief, Apanoaan; one Lalan and uts chief Theteu;  Vesting of powers to Don Emilio Aguinaldo to
and one Lalutan and its chief Tapan; one Cilumail discharge the duties of the government
and one Lubucun. All those villages rendered  Power given to Aguinaldo to grant pardon and
obedience to us and gave us food and tribute amnest
60. At noon on Sunday, April seven we entered the port
of Zubu, passing by mant villages, where we saw CORAZON AQUINO SPEECH
many homes built upon logs TRUE
REASONS WHY IT WAS WRITTEN  the dictator already knew that Ninoy was not a body
 Deaths due to arbitrary arrest and abuses of the merely to be imprisoned but a spirit he must break
Spanish civil guards  the dictatorship failed to demolish one by one the
 The sins of the friars interested in keeping the institutions of democracy
Filipinos ignorant for their egoistic and selfish ends  they locked Ninoy in a tiny, nearly airless cell in a
military camp in the north
EXPEREIENCES OF SPANISH COLONIZATION  everything that the dictatorship did to Ninoy failed to
break his spirit
 Occupation of the island by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
 Ninoy held on to prison because he believed that
 Ferdinand Magellan landed on the shores of Cebu
God meant him for other things
and occupies said Island by means of Pact of
 The life of the Aquino’s in Boston was the three
Friendship
happiest years in their lives
 Legazpi landed in Bohol by entering into a blood
 The people vindicated President Cory when the
compact with its chief Sikatuna with the purpose of
opposition swept the election, garnering a clear
taking Cebu by force
majority of votes
REVOLUTIONS AGAINST THE SPANISH RULE  Many of those present in this Congress played a part
in changing the policy of the US towards the
 The revolutionary movement spreading like wild fire Philippines during the dictatorship period
to other towns of Cavite and the other provinces of  An independent Constitutional Commission drafted
Bataan, Pampanga, Batangas, Laguna, Bulacan, and the 1884 Constitution
Morong  The dictator set aside democracy to save it from
 The success and victory of the Filipinos forces left communist insurgency
only Naic and Indang for the Spanish detachments
to surrender FALSE

RIGHT TO FREEDOM  Ninoy broke his fast after forty fays because the
dictatorship heeded his request for freedom
 Full power to make war with the severed ties with  Cory participated in the 1984 election, for she knew
the Spaniards she will have the chance of getting even with the
 Power to conclude commercial treatises with other dictator
countries  During Cory’s time we saw a nation armed with fear
and cowardice to stand fast by democracy
IMPUNITIES OF THE SPANIARDS TO THE
 The Filipinos swept away absolute power by
FILIPINOS
shedding blood and life and rising arms against the
 The unjust execution of Rizal dictator
 The eminent Filipino priests, Doctor Don Jose  President Cory promised the US government that
Burgos, Don Mariano Gomez, and Don Jacinto she will honor the ($26 billion foreign debt)
Zamora were hanged
FILM OF HENERAL LUNA
 Unjust deportations of Illustrious Filipinos, especially
those decreed by General Blanco instigated by the  The Americans respected this general who did a
Archbishop suicidal attack on their troops, retreated in order to
 The intrigues of the so-called religious congregations give this general a good fight
which made the authorities to believe that the Cavite  The relative of the soldiers who rode on the train
mutiny was instigated by the Filipino priests were driven out by the general and told them that
they were not riding the train for a leisurely trip
DESIGNATION OF POWER TO PRESIDENT
 Articulo Uno was used to disciple the Filipino soldiers
AGUINALDO
Adrian Gabriel D. Maranan FINALS | READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 The general stated” Our greatest enemy is not  This constitution became the provisionary
Americans but ourselves” constitution of the government during the revolution
 Buencamino and Paterno stated, we love our against the Spain.
country, but we have our businesses and  Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer were tasked to
investments to protect write this constitution
 A telegram was received by the general asking him  This constitution adopted the provisions of the
to attend a meeting for a revamp of the cabinet only Constitution framed in Jimaguayu, Cuba
to meet his violent death  The preamble reiterated the objective of the
revolution which was the separation from the
FIRST CRY
Spanish Monarchy and their formation into an
 Bonifacio then asked the people to give a pledge independent state with its own government
that they were to revolt
MALOLOS CONGRESS (President Emilio Aguinaldo)
 the immediate objective was the capture of Manila
 our organization has been discovered and we are all  The first Republican Constitution in Asia
marked man  The inaugural session of Congress was held at the
 Cabesang Melchora like Apolonio Samson opened Barasoain Church
her granary to feed the members of the KKK  This constitution drew inspiration from the
attending the meeting constitutions of Mexico, Belgium, Guatemala, Costa
 With tears in their eyes, the people as one man, Rica, Brazil, and France
pulled out their cedulas, and tore them to pieces  The Congress was originally conceived by
presidential adviser Apolinario Mabini
TEJEROS ASSEMBLY
 The separation of Church and State was a topic of
 Mr. Baldomero Aguinaldo wanted the elections to be debate in the drafting of this constitution
finished before it got too dark
1935 CONSTITUTION (US President Franklin Delano
 Secretary of War, Ariston Villanueva received the Roosevelt)
confidential information that there were members
who were assigned to undermine the proceeding of  This Constitution was approved by US President
the assembly Franklin Delano Roosevelt
 On August 26, 1896, the meeting was opened with  The framing of this Constitution showed the
Andres Bonifacio presiding and Emilio Jacinto as Americans, that Filipinos had the capability of self-
secretary government
 Daniel Tirona demanded that Jose del Rosario was  This constitution established the Commonwealth
fitted to the position of Director of Interior government
 Mr. Lumbreras refused to resume his role of  The Tydings Mc Duffie Law provided for a drafting
chairman. He wanted to yield the chair to the and guidelines of a constitution for a 10-year
Supremo whim he thought to be the rightful transitional period government before the granting
chairman of independence

RETRACTION OF DR. JOSE RIZAL 1943 CONSTITUTION (President Jose P. Laurel)

 Both of us sat at the desk, where there was  This Constitution was recognized as legitimate and
stationary, and I began to read it. Upon hearing it, binding only in Japanese controlled areas of the
he told me Father do not proceed Philippines
 Without pressure from anyone, Rizal, took into own  The KALIBAPI convened and elected a Philippine
hands document, knelt before the altar and signed Commission for Philippine Independence to write a
 On Dec. 29, 1896, two priests went to Fort Santiago, new constitution
where the chapel cell of the convict was  This Constitution was transitory in nature as it was
 The original was kept in such a way that it was not only effective during the duration of war with the
found until after thirty years and transpired Japanese
 This Constitution established the Second Philippine
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
Republic
BIAK NA BATO (President Emilio Aguinaldo)  This Constitution as well as the government was
abolished upon the liberation of the Philippines by
American forces
Adrian Gabriel D. Maranan FINALS | READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
1973 CONSTITUTION (President Ferdinand Marcos)

 The biggest scandal in wiring this Constitution

was when the Leyte delegate Eduardo Quintero
accused the president of bring the delegates to
perpetuate himself to power
 This Constitution aimed to provide an orderly
transition to a government under a new
constitution after the Martial Law
 This Constitution provided for a parliamentary
system of government
 This constitution made the President a symbolic
head and the Prime Minister as the head of the
government
 Instead of being ratified by plebiscite this
constitution was submitted to “citizen
assemblies” that was formed to approve or
reject the new constitution
 Legislative power was vested in the Batasang
Pambansa

1987 CONSTITUTION (President Corazon Aquino)

 The Constitutional Commission (CONCOM) was

charged with drafting the new constitution
 This constitution restored the bicameral
Congress of the Philippines composed of a
Senate and a House of Representatives
 The assembly to frame the Constitution was
headed by former Chief justice Cecilia Munoz
Palma

FREEDOM CONSTITUTION (President Corazon

Aquino)

 This recognized the Aquino administration as a

temporary revolutionary government until the
framing of a new constitution

Adrian Gabriel D. Maranan FINALS | READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY