MIND’S NEST REVIEW CENTER BY: DOC ARCE

(NURSES’ EDUCATION SPECIALIST TRAINER)

** DAVAO CITY HEAD OFFICE **

NLE: - SUPERSTES- SET A

PALMER JENNIFER BUNGAY, RN, LPT

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by marking the
box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil No.
2 only.

Situation: Harry a new research staff of the Research and Development Department of a tertiary hospital is tasked to conduct a
research study about the increased incidence of nosocomial infection in the hospital.

1. Which of the following ethical issues should he consider in the conduct of his study?
1. Confidentiality of information given to him by the subjects
2. Self-determination which includes the right to withdraw from the study group
3. Privacy or the right not to be exposed publicly
4. Full disclosure about the study to be conducted

A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 3, 4 C. 2, 3, 4 D. 1, 2, 3, 4

Criteria of a Good Research Problem: “FIRES”

Feasibility
 “viable”, possibility of the study to be conducted depends on your RESOURCES
Interest
 “motivation”
Researchability
 the problem you are going to investigate can be studied; the question you are going to answer can only be answered using
a scientific process
Ethics
Significance of the Study

 Confidentiality: not divulging the information given to you as a researcher by the participant
 Privacy: right to not be publicly exposed; anonymity (ANONIM – A NO NAME); use of aliases
 Self-Determination: Autonomy – allow participant to withdraw anytime
 Full Disclosure: the participant needs to know all about the research that will be conducted

2. Which of the following is the best tool for data gathering? – nosocomial infection
A. Interview schedule – the subjects may not divulge complete information to protect the hospital’s image
B. Questionnaire
C. Use of laboratory data
D. Observation

3. During data collection, Harry encounters a patient who refuses to talk to him. Which of the following is a limitation of the study?
A. Patient’s refusal to fully divulge information. – we cannot force them as that is their right (Self-Determination)
B. Patients with history of fever and cough
C. Patients admitted or who seeks consultation at the ER and doctors’ offices

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D. Contacts of patients with history of fever and cough

4. What type of research is appropriate for this study?

A. Descriptive - correlational B. Experiment C. Quasi-experiment D. Historical

Experiment
 There is cause and effect
a. True
 Manipulation + Control + Randomization
b. Quasi

Quasi-Experiment
 Lacks on or two qualities of Experiment
 There is Manipulation but may lack Control or Randomization

Historical
 Under the qualitative research
 Aims to understand the events that happened in the past (to also understand what is happening in the present)

5. In the statement, “Frequent hand washing of health workers decreases the incidence of nosocomial infections among postsurgery
patients”, the dependent variable is:

A. incidence of nosocomial infections C. frequent hand washing – independent variable

B. decreases D. post-surgery patients

“I C D Effect”
Independent Variable – what you are going to use or manipulate
Cause – goes with independent variable
Dependent Variable – what you are going to measure
Effect – goes with dependent variable

6. Harry knows that he has to protect the rights of human research subjects. Which of the following actions of Harry ensures
anonymity?
A. Keep the identities of the subject secret
B. Obtain informed consent – pertains to autonomy
C. Provide equal treatment to all the subjects of the study. – justice
D. Release findings only to the participants of the study – confidentiality

7. He is oriented to the use of electronic databases for nursing research. Which of the following will she likely access?
A. MEDLINE – for doctors C. American Journal of Nursing – for publication
B. National Institute of Nursing Research D. International Council of Nurses

8. He develops methods for data gathering. Which of the following criteria of a good instrument refers to the ability of the
instrument to yield the same results upon its repeated administration?
A. Validity B. Specificity C. Sensitivity D. Reliability

Validity
 Talks about the “accuracy” of your findings
Transferability
Credibility

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  If how believable the result is
Specificity
Sensitivity
 If it yields or the instruments used is sensitive enough to measure
Reliability
 “Consistency” – you get the same results even if it happened or was used repeatedly

9. Harry is aware of the importance of controlling threats to internal validity for experimental research, which include the following
examples EXCEPT:
A. History B. Maturation C. Attrition D. Design – another part of research; blueprint of the study

Validity
a. Internal Validity – the findings are dependent on the independent variable
b. External Validity – the findings can be generalized

Threats to Validity
1. History
 Events that happen in the past than can affect the validity
 e.g. Participants who are studied for the use of Papaya Soap has a history of usage of Glutathione (ay pumuti sya hindi dahil
sa papaya soap lang!)
2. Maturation
 Has something to do with development or processes as a result of time passing
3. Attrition
 Pertains to “mortality”
 e.g. a subject died (not due to the study) or withdrawn from the study = there is a decrease or lack in your participants
4. Instrumentation
 Has something to do with the instruments/ calibration
5. Testing
 Effect of test (pre-test/ post-test) to the participants

10. His colleague His colleague asks about the external validity of the research findings. Which of the responses of Harry is
appropriate? The research findings can be:

a. Generalized to other settings or sample

b. Shown to result only from the effect of the independent variable - internal
c. Reflected as results of extraneous variables – variables not directly directed to the study being conducted but can still affect
d. Free of selection biases

Situation: You are fortunate to be chosen as part of the research team in the hospital. A review of the following IMPORTANT
nursing concepts was made:

11. A professional nurse can do research for varied reasons except:

a. Professional advancement through research participation
b. To validate results of new nursing modalities
c. For financial gains
d. To improve nursing care

12. Each nurse participant was asked to identify a problem. After the identification of the research problem, which of the following
should be done?
a. Methodology b. Review of related literature c. Acknowledgement d. Formulate hypothesis
Major Steps in Research

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1. Problem: come up with a question you want to answer
2. Review of Related Literature: come up with your background; gaps or not known about the study
3. Framework: (Conceptual Framework, Theoretical Framework)
4. Hypothesis
5. Design: which design to use based on the problem
6. Sample
7. Data Collection
8. Research Report
9. Communication and Utilization: to be used in practice
**Pilot Study – like a dry run before the actual experiment

13. Which of the following communicate the results of the research to the readers? They facilitate the description of the data.
a. Hypothesis b. Statistics c. Research problem d. Tables and graphs

14. In quantitative data, which of the following is described as the distance in the scoring units of the variable from the highest to
the lower?
a. Frequency – pertains to number of responses that is common
b. Mean – average of the scores (total all the scores and divide it by number of units)
c. Median – middle most score
d. Range
**Mode – the most frequently occurring number or value

15. This expresses the variability of the data in reference to the mean. It provides as with a numerical estimate of how far, on the
average the separate observation are from the mean:
a. Mode b. Standard deviation c. Median d. Frequency

Situation: Survey and statistics are important part if research that is necessary to explain the characteristics of the population.

16. To obtain 30 appropriate samples for the study, the researcher decided to use a simple random sampling. Which of the following
should the researcher do?
a. Included post-operative clients only c. Pick out 30 from the list of the hospitalized client
b. Select every 3rd hospitalized client in the list d. Chose 15 male and 15 female

17. All but one of the following in not a measure of central tendency:
a. Mode b. Variance c. Standard deviation d. Range

18. In the values: 87, 85, 88, 92, 90, what is the mean?
a. 88.2 b. 88.4 c. 87 d. 90

19. In the values: 80, 80, 80, 82, 82, 90, 90, 100, what is the mode?
a. 80 b. 82 c. 90 d. 85.5

20. In the values: 80, 80, 10, 10, 25, 65, 100, 200, what is the median?
a. 71.25 b. 22.5 c. 10 and 25 d. 72.5

21. Draw lots, lottery, table of random numbers or a sampling that ensures that each element of the population has an equal and
independent chance of being chosen is called:
a. Cluster – under the probability sampling; by groups
b. Simple
c. Stratified – divide the population first and pick
d. Systematic – every nth number

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22. An investigator wants to determine some of the problems experienced by diabetic clients when using insulin pump. The
investigator went to a clinic where he personally knows several diabetic clients having problem with insulin pump. The type of
sampling done by the investigator is called:
a. Probability
b. Purposive – handpicked (the most qualified)
c. Snowball – kind of networking; your participants have to refer or recruit participants; STOP when you reached saturation point
d. Incidental – accidental sampling or convenience sampling; whoever is most available

**Saturation Point – there is no new answers

**Quota Sampling – predeterminal (25 participants is the quota)

23. If the researcher implemented a new structured counseling program with a randomized group of subject and a routine
counseling program with another randomized group of subject, the research is utilizing which design?
a. Quasi experimental
b. Experimental - randomized
c. Comparative
d. Methodological

24. Which of the following is not true about a pure experimental research?
a. There is a control group – Control
b. There is an experimental group – Control
c. Selection of subjects in the control group is randomized – Randomization
d. There is a careful selection of subjects in the experimental group – NO Randomization

25. The researcher implemented a medication regimen using a new type of combination drugs to manic patients while another
group of manic patients receives the routine drugs. The researcher however handpicked the experimental group for they are the
clients with multiple episodes if bipolar disorder. The researcher utilized which research design?
a. Quasi experimental – lacks randomization; subjects are handpicked
b. Pure experimental
c. Phenomenological
d. Longitudinal

Situation: As a nurse, you are expected to participate in initiating or participating in the conduct of research studies to improve
nursing practice. You have to be updated on the latest trends and issues affecting the profession and the best practices arrived at
by the profession.

26. You are interested to study the effects of mediation and relaxation on the pain experienced by cancer patients. What type of
variable is pain?
a. Dependent b. Correlational c. Independent d. Demographic

27. You would like to compare the support system of patient with chronic illness and those with acute illness. How will you best
state your problem? – problem should be stated as a question form
a. A descriptive study to compare the support systems of patients with chronic illness and those with acute illness in terms of
demographic data and knowledge about intervention
b. The effects of the types of support system of patients with chronic illness and those with acute illness
c. A comparative analysis of the support system of patients with chronic illness and those with acute illness
d. A study to compare the support system of patients with chronic illness and those with acute illness
e. What are the differences of the support system being received by patient with chronic illness and patients with acute illness?

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28. You would like to compare the support system of patients with chronic illness to those with acute illness. Considering that the
hypothesis was: “Clients with chronic illness have lesser support system than clients with acute illness.” What type of research is
this?
a. Descriptive – describes the support system of the chronically and acutely ill
b. Correlational, non-experimental
c. Experimental
d. Quasi experimental

29. In any research study where individual persons are involved, it is important that an informed consent of the study is obtained.
The following are essential information about the consent that you should disclose to the prospective subjects except:
a. Consent to incomplete disclosure c. Explanation of procedure
b. Description of benefits, risks, and discomforts d. Assurance of anonymity and confidentiality

30. In the hypothesis: “The utilization of technology in teaching improves the retention and attention of the nursing students,” which
is the dependent variable?
a. Utilization of technology c. Nursing students
b. Improvement in the retention and attention d. Teaching

Situation: You are an actively practicing nurse who has just finished your graduate studies. You learned the value of research and
would like to utilize the knowledge and skills gained in the application of research to the nursing service. The following questions
apply to research.

31. Which type of research inquiry investigates the issues of human complexity (e.g. understanding the human expertise)?
a. Logical position
b. Naturalistic inquiry
c. Positivism – focuses on the theories
d. Quantitative Research

32. Which of the following studies is based on quantitative research?

a. A study examining the bereavement process in spouses of clients with terminal cancer – Qualitative
b. A study exploring factors influencing weight control behavior. – Qualitative
c. A study measuring the effects of sleep deprivation on wound healing
d. A study examining client’s feeling before, during and after a bone marrow aspiration – Qualitative

Quantitative – measures
Qualitative – to understand

33. Which of the following studies is based on qualitative research?

a. A study examining clients reactions to stress after open heart surgery
b. A study measuring nutrition and weight loss/gain in clients with cancer
c. A study examining oxygen levels after endotracheal suctioning
d. A study measuring differences in blood pressure before, during and after a procedure

34. An 85-year-old client in a nursing home tells a nurse, “I signed the papers for that research study because the doctor was
so insistent and I want him to continue taking care of me”. Which client right is being violated?
a. Right of self-determination c. Right to full disclosure
b. Right to privacy and confidentiality d. Right not to be harmed

35. “A supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon”, best defines:
a. A paradigm – frameworks (theoretical, philosophical – theories, laws)
b. A concept
c. theory – things we believe that is happening around us

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d. A conceptual framework

Situation: Mastery of research design determination is essential in passing the NLE.

36. Monette wants to know if the length of time she will study for the board examination is proportional to her board rating. During
the December 2007 board examination, she studied for six months and gained 68%. On June 2008 board exam, she studied for 6
months again for a total of one year and gained 74%. On November 2008, she studied for 6 months for a total of one and a half year
and gained 82%. The research design she used is:
a. Comparative
b. Correlational
c. Experimental
d. Qualitative – problem involves “measurement”

37. Rodrigo was always eating high fat diet. You want to determine if what will be the effect of high cholesterol food to Rodrigo in
the next 10 years. You will use:
a. Comparative
b. Correlational
c. Historical
d. Longitudinal – extended period of time
**Cross-sectional – studies different levels, phases, and stages for one time only

38. Community A was selected randomly as well as Community B, nurse Crystal conducted teaching to Community A and assessed if
Community A will have a better status than Community B. This is an example of:
a. Comparative b. Correlational c. Experimental – M+C+R
d. Qualitative

39. Faye researched in the development of a new way to measure intelligence by creating a 100-item questionnaire that will assess
the cognitive skills of an individual. The design best suited for this study is:
a. Historical
b. Methodological
c. Survey – measure a phenomenon
d. Case study – single unit of investigation

40. Jay Emmanuelle is conducting a research study on how Ralph, an AIDS client lives his life. A design suited for this is:
a. Historical
b. Case study – single unit
c. Phenomenological – can be used but phenomenological studies lived experiences of different subjects
d. Ethnographic

41. Maecee is to perform a study about how nurses perform surgical asepsis during World War II. A design best for this study is:
a. Historical b. Case study c. Phenomenological d. Ethnographic

42. Medel conducts sampling at Barangay Maligaya. He collected 100 random individuals and determine who is their favorite actor.
50% said Piolo, 20% said John Lloyd, while some answered Sam, Dingdong, Richard, and Derek. Medel conducted what type of
research study?
a. Phenomenological b. Case study c. Non experimental d. Survey

43. Mark and Toberts visited a tribe located somewhere in China, it is called Shin Jea tribe. They studied the way of life, tradition,
and the societal structure of these people. They will best use which research design?
a. Historical b. Case study c. Phenomenological d. Ethnographic

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44. Jezza and Jenny researched about TB – its transmission, causative agent and factors, treatment, signs and symptoms, as well as
medication and all other in-depth information about tuberculosis. This study is best suited for which research design?
a. Historical b. Case study c. Phenomenological d. Ethnographic

45. Diana, Arlene, and Sally are to conduct a study about relationship of the number of family members in the household and the
electricity bill, which of the following is the best research design suited for this study?
1. Descriptive 3. Explanatory 5. Comparative
2. Exploratory 4. Correlational 6. Experimental

a. 1 and 4 b. 2 and 5 c. 3 and 6 d. 1 and 5 e. 2 and 4

Situation: As a nurse researcher, Vinz must have a very good understanding of the common terms of concept used in research.

46. The information that an investigator like Vinz collects from the subjects or participants in a research study is usually called:
a. Hypothesis b. Data c. Variable d. Concept

47. Which of the following usually refers to the independent variables in doing research?
a. Result b. Cause c. Output d. Effect

48. The recipients of experimental treatment in an experimental design or the individuals to be observed in a non-experimental
design are called:
a. Setting b. Subjects c. Treatment d. Sample

Quantitative – subjects
Qualitative – respondents, informants

49. The device or techniques that Vinz employs to collect data is called:
a. Sample b. Instrument c. Hypothesis d. Concept

50. The use of another person’s ideas or wordings without giving appropriate credit results from inaccurate or incomplete
attribution of materials to its resources. Which of the following is referred to when another person’s idea is inappropriately credited
as one’s own?
a. Plagiarism b. Quotation c. Assumption d. Paraphrase

To avoid plagiarism:
 Rephrase
 Give Credit to the Source/ Owner
 “Quote”

LEADERSHIP and MANAGEMENT

51. Centralized organizations have some advantages. Which of the following statements are TRUE?
1. Highly cost-effective
2. Makes management easier – commands come from one person only
3. Reflects the interest of the worker – usually happens in Decentralization
4. Allows quick decisions or actions.

a. 1 & 2 b. 2 & 4 c. 2, 3& 4 d. 1, 2, & 4

52. Stephanie delegates effectively if she has authority to act, which is BEST defined as:
a. having responsibility to direct others
b. being accountable to the organization

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c. having legitimate right to act – managers are given amount of authority that comes with power
d. telling others what to do

53. Regardless of the size of a work group, enough staff must be available at all times to accomplish certain purposes. Which of these
purposes in NOT included?
a. Meet the needs of patients
b. Provide a pair of hands to other units as needed – if there are available staffs, there will be no need to recruit from other units
c. Cover all time periods adequately.
d. d. Allow for growth and development of nursing staff.

54. Which of the following guidelines should be least considered in formulating objectives for nursing care?
a. Written nursing care plan
b. Holistic approach
c. Prescribed standards
d. Staff preferences – needs of your “patient”

55. Stephanie considers shifting to transformational leadership. Which of the following statements best describes this type of
leadership?
a. Uses visioning as the essence of leadership.
b. Serves the followers rather than being served. – servant leaders
c. Maintains full trust and confidence in the subordinates – benevolent (although not full trust and confidence)
d. Possesses innate charisma that makes others feel good in his presence.

56. As a manager, she focuses her energy on both the quality of services rendered to the patients as well as the welfare of the staff
of her unit. Which of the following management styles does she adopt?
a. Country club management c. Team management
b. Organization man management d. Authority-obedience management

**Middle Road Management – status quo; employ the best type of management that is best applicable in the situation

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57. Katherine is a young Unit Manager of the Pediatric Ward. Most of her staff nurses are senior to her, very articulate, confident
and sometimes aggressive. Katherine feels uncomfortable believing that she is the scapegoat of everything that goes wrong in her
department. Which of the following is the best action that she must take?
a. Identify the source of the conflict and understand the points of friction – problem solving approach
b. Disregard what she feels and continue to work independently
c. Seek help from the Director of Nursing
d. Quit her job and look for another employment.

58. As a young manager, she knows that conflict occurs in any organization. Which of the following statements regarding conflict is
NOT true?
a. Can be destructive if the level is too high
b. Is not beneficial; hence it should be prevented at all times – inevitable; manage conflict for it to not become detrimental
c. May result in poor performance – especially when the impact of the conflict is negative
d. May create leaders – conflicts may show the potential of an individual

59. Katherine tells one of the staff, “I don’t have time to discuss the matter with you now. See me in my office later” when the latter
asks if they can talk about an issue. Which of the following conflict resolution strategies did she use?
a. Smoothing – ironing out differences
b. Compromise – when both parties lose something to resolve the conflict; Lose-Lose
 Accommodating – when one party gives up something for the other party
c. Avoidance
d. Restriction

60. Kathleen knows that one of her staff is experiencing burnout. Which of the following is the best thing for her to do?
a. Advise her staff to go on vacation.
b. Ignore her observations; it will be resolved even without intervention
c. Remind her to show loyalty to the institution.
d. Let the staff ventilate her feelings and ask how she can be of help.

61. She knows that performance appraisal consists of all the following activities EXCEPT:
a. Setting specific standards and activities for individual performance.
b. Using agency standards as a guide.
c. Determine areas of strength and weaknesses
d. Focusing activity on the correction of identified behavior. – not only focus on the correctional behavior (implying as weakness)

62. Which of the following statements is NOT true about performance appraisal?
a. Informing the staff about the specific impressions of their work help improve their performance.
b. A verbal appraisal is an acceptable substitute for a written report
c. Patients are the best source of information regarding personnel appraisal. – best source is your observation
d. The outcome of performance appraisal rests primarily with the staff.

63. There are times when Katherine evaluates her staff as she makes her daily rounds. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of
conducting an informal appraisal?
a. The staff member is observed in natural setting.
b. Incidental confrontation and collaboration is allowed.
c. The evaluation is focused on objective data systematically. – good basis for formal appraisal
d. The evaluation may provide valid information for compilation of a formal report.

64. She conducts a 6-month performance review session with a staff member. Which of the following actions is appropriate?
a. She asks another nurse to attest the session as a witness. – one-on-one session
b. She informs the staff that she may ask another nurse to read the appraisal before the session is over.
c. She tells the staff that the session is manager-centered.

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d. The session is private between the two members. – one-on-one session

65. Alexandra is tasked to organize the new wing of the hospital. She was given the authority to do as she deems fit. She is aware
that the director of nursing has substantial trust and confidence in her capabilities, communicates through downward and
upward channels and usually uses the ideas and opinions of her staff. Which of the following is her style of management?
a. Benevolent –authoritative – there is some trust; the decision will still come from the upper level; can use rewards
b. Consultative – theme is almost the same with democratic
c. Exploitive-authoritative – all commands and decisions come from the upper level; uses punishment
d. Participative

66. She decides to illustrate the organizational structure. Which of the following elements is NOT included?
a. Level of authority b. Lines of communication c. Span of control d. Unity of direction

67. She plans of assigning competent people to fill the roles designed in the hierarchy. Which process refers to this?
a. Staffing b. Scheduling c. Recruitment d. Induction

Process or Steps in Staffing

1. Recruitment
2. Selection
3. Introduction
 Orientation
 Induction
4. Staff Development – increase your competency (in-service training/education)
5. Retirement
 If you will not retire, you may be fired out

68. She checks the documentary requirements for the applicants for staff nurse position. Which one is NOT necessary?
a. Certificate of previous employment – HR will look how long you stayed in your previous employment
b. Record of related learning experience (RLE)
c. Membership to accredited professional organization – e.g. PNA
d. Professional identification card

69. Which phase of the employment process includes getting on the payroll and completing documentary requirements?
a. Orientation b. Induction c. Selection d. Recruitment

70. She tries to design an organizational structure that allows communication to flow in all directions and involve workers in decision
making. Which form of organizational structure is this?
a. Centralized b. Decentralized c. Matrix d. Informal

71. In a horizontal chart, the lowest level worker is located at the

a. Leftmost box b. Middle c. Rightmost box d. Bottom

72. She decides to have a decentralized staffing system. Which of the following is an advantage of this system of staffing?
a. greater control of activities – Centralized c. Compatible with computerization – Centralized
b. Conserves time – Centralized d. Promotes better interpersonal relationship

73. Aubrey thinks about primary nursing as a system to deliver care. Which of the following activities is NOT done by a primary
nurse?
a. Collaborates with the physician
b. Provides care to a group of patients together with a group of nurses – Team Nursing
c. Provides care for 5-6 patients during their hospital stay.
d. Performs comprehensive initial assessment

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74. Which pattern of nursing care involves the care given by a group of paraprofessional workers led by a professional nurse who
take care of patients with the same disease conditions and are located geographically near each other?
a. Case method – 1:1, your responsibility to the patient is only within your shift
b. Modular nursing – combination of primary nursing and team nursing
c. Nursing case management
d. Team nursing

75. St. Raphael Medical Center just opened its new Performance Improvement Department. Ms. Valencia is appointed as the Quality
Control Officer. She commits herself to her new role and plans her strategies to realize the goals and objectives of the department.
Which of the following is a primary task that they should perform to have an effective control system?
a. Make an interpretation about strengths and weaknesses
b. Identify the values of the department
c. Identify structure, process, outcome standards & criteria
d. Measure actual performances

76. Ms. Valencia develops the standards to be followed. Among the following standards, which is considered as a structure
standard?
a. The patients verbalized satisfaction of the nursing care received
b. Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all patient care personnel.
c. All patients shall have their weights taken recorded
d. Patients shall answer the evaluation form before discharge

77. When she presents the nursing procedures to be followed, she refers to what type of standards?
a. Process b. Outcome c. Structure d. Criteria

78. The following are basic steps in the controlling process of the department. Which of the following is NOT included?
a. Measure actual performance
b. Set nursing standards and criteria
c. Compare results of performance to standards and objectives
d. Identify possible courses of action

79. Which of the following statements refers to criteria?

a. Agreed on level of nursing care – standard
b. Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care – already set (criteria)
c. Step-by-step guidelines – procedure
d. Statement which guide the group in decision making and problem solving

80. She wants to ensure that every task is carried out as planned. Which of the following tasks is NOT included in the controlling
process?
a. Instructing the members of the standards committee to prepare policies – part of planning
b. Reviewing the existing policies of the hospital
c. Evaluating the credentials of all nursing staff
d. Checking if activities conform to schedule

81. Ms. Valencia prepares the process standards. Which of the following is NOT a process standard?
a. Initial assessment shall be done to all patients within twenty four hours upon admission.
b. Informed consent shall be secured prior to any invasive procedure
c. Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge from the hospital – under outcome
d. Patient education about their illness and treatment shall be provided for all patients and their families.

82. Which of the following is evidence that the controlling process is effective?

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a. The things that were planned are done c. Employees are contended
b. Physicians do not complain. d. There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.

83. Ms. Valencia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This principle refers to:
a. Span of control
b. Unity of command – there is only one boss
c. Carrot and stick principle
d. Esprit d’ corps – harmony in the workplace

84. She notes that there is an increasing unrest of the staff due to fatigue brought about by shortage of staff. Which action is a
priority?
a. Evaluate the overall result of the unrest
b. Initiate a group interaction – meeting; identify factors
c. Develop a plan and implement it
d. Identify external and internal forces.

85. Ms. Castro is newly-promoted to a patient care manager position. She updates her knowledge on the theories in management
and leadership in order to become effective in her new role. She learns that some managers have low concern for services and high
concern for staff. Which style of management refers to this?
a. Organization Man b. Impoverished Management c. Country Club Management d. Team Management

86. Her former manager demonstrated passion for serving her staff rather than being served. She takes time to listen, prefers to be
a teacher first before being a leader, which is characteristic of
a. Transformational leader b. Transactional leader c. Servant leader d. Charismatic leader

87. On the other hand, Ms. Castro notices that the Chief Nurse Executive has charismatic leadership style. Which of the following
behaviors best describes this style? = Charismatic Leadership Style can be related to Referent Leadership
a. Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets attracted of him and regards him with reverence – Referent Leadership
b. Acts as he does because he expects that his behavior will yield positive results
c. Uses visioning as the core of his leadership
d. Matches his leadership style to the situation at hand.

88. Which of the following conclusions of Ms. Castro about leadership characteristics is TRUE?
a. There is a high correlation between the communication skills of a leader and the ability to get the job done.
b. A manager is effective when he has the ability to plan well.
c. Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for predicting a manager’s potential.
d. There is good evidence that certain personal qualities favor success in managerial role.

89. She reads about Path Goal theory. Which of the following behaviors is manifested by the leader who uses this theory?
a. Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations
b. Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice
c. Admonishes staff for being laggards.
d. Reminds staff about the sanctions for non-performance.

90. One leadership theory states that “leaders are born and not made,” which refers to which of the following theories?
a. Trait b. Charismatic c. Great Man d. Situational – depends on the situation

91. She came across a theory which states that the leadership style is effective dependent on the situation. Which of the following
styles best fits a situation when the followers are self-directed, experts and are matured individuals?
a. Democratic
b. Authoritarian – “this is what I expect you to do”
 Autocratic – “This is what you are going to do”

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c. Laissez faire
d. Bureaucratic

92. She surfs the internet for more information about leadership styles. She reads about shared leadership as a practice in some
magnet hospitals. Which of the following describes this style of leadership?
a. Leadership behavior is generally determined by the relationship between the leader’s personality and the specific situation
b. Leaders believe that people are basically good and need not be closely controlled
c. Leaders rely heavily on visioning and inspire members to achieve results
d. Leadership is shared at the point of care. – shared governance

93. Ms. Castro learns that some leaders are transactional leaders. Which of the following does NOT characterize a transactional
leader?
a. Focuses on management tasks c. Uses trade-offs to meet goals
b. Is a caretaker d. Inspires others with vision – more for Transformational Leader

94. She finds out that some managers have benevolent-authoritative style of management. Which of the following behaviors will she
exhibit most likely?
a. Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates c. Communicates downward to the staff
b. Gives economic or ego awards d. Allows decision making among subordinates

95. Harry is a Unit Manager I the Medical Unit. He is not satisfied with the way things are going in his unit. Patient satisfaction rate is
60% for two consecutive months and staff morale is at its lowest. He decides to plan and initiate changes that will push for a
turnaround in the condition of the unit. Which of the following actions is a priority for Harry?

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a. Call for a staff meeting and take this up in the agenda. c. Develop a strategic action on how to deal with these concerns.
b. Seek help from her manager. d. Ignore the issues since these will be resolved naturally.

96. She knows that there are external forces that influence changes in his unit. Which of the following is NOT an external force?
a. Memo from the CEO to cut down on electrical consumption c. Low morale of staff in her unit
b. Demands of the labor sector to increase wages d. Exacting regulatory and accreditation standards

97. After discussing the possible effects of the low patient satisfaction rate, the staff started to list down possible strategies to solve
the problems head-on. Should they decide to vote on the best change strategy, which of the following strategies is referred to this?
a. Collaboration b. Majority rule c. Dominance d. Compromise

98. One staff suggests that they review the pattern of nursing care that they are using, which is described as a
a. job description b. system used to deliver care c. manual of procedure d. rules to be followed

99. Which of the following is TRUE about functional nursing?

a. Concentrates on tasks and activities c. Low morale of staff in her unit
b. Emphasizes use of group collaboration d. Provides continuous, coordinated and comprehensive nursing services

100. Functional nursing has some advantages, which one is an EXCEPTION?

a. Psychological and sociological needs are emphasized. – the nurse is task-oriented; cannot build interpersonal relationships
b. Great control of work activities.
c. Most economical way of delivering nursing services.
d. Workers feel secure in dependent role

101. He raised the issue on giving priority to patient needs. Which of the following offers the best way for setting priority?
a. Assessing nursing needs and problems c. Controlling and evaluating the delivery of nursing care
b. Giving instructions on how nursing care needs are to be met d. Assigning safe nurse: patient ratio

102. When Harry uses team nursing as a care delivery system, he and his team need to assess the priority of care for a group of
patients, which of the following should be a priority?
a. Each patient as listed on the worksheet c. Medications and treatments required for all patients
b. Patients who needs least care d. Patients who need the most care

103. Julius is a newly-appointed nurse manager of The Good Shepherd Medical Center, a tertiary hospital located within the heart of
the metropolis. He thinks of scheduling planning workshop with his staff in order to ensure an effective and efficient management of
the department. Should he decide to conduct a strategic planning workshop, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of this
activity?
a. Long-term goal-setting c. Focuses on routine tasks – operational planning; day-to-day
b. Extends to 3-5 years in the future d. Determines directions of the organization

104. The statement, “The Good Shepherd Medical Center aims to provide patient-centered care in a total healing environment”
refers to which of the following?
a. Vision – something they will anticipate in the future; “will”
b. Goal
c. Philosophy – set of beliefs/ values that will give direction to the institution
d. Mission

105. He likewise stresses the need for all the employees to follow orders and instructions from him and not from anyone else. Which
of the following principles does he refer to?
a. Scalar chain b. Discipline c. Unity of command d. Order

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106. Julius orients his staff on the patterns of reporting relationship throughout the organization. Which of the following principles
refer to this?
a. Span of control – number of members under a leader or a manager
b. Hierarchy
c. Esprit d’ corps – harmony in the workplace
d. Unity of direction – one path or goal the members have to achieve

107. He emphasizes to the team that they need to put their efforts together towards the attainment of the goals of the program.
Which of the following principles refers to this?
a. Span of control b. Unity of direction c. Unity of command d. Command responsibility

108. He discusses the goal of the department. Which of the following statements is a goal?
a. Increase the patient satisfaction rate
b. Eliminate the incidence of delayed administration of medications
c. Establish rapport with patients.
d. Reduce response time to two minutes.

109. Stephanie is a new Staff Educator of a private tertiary hospital. She conducts orientation among new staff nurses in her
department. Joseph, one of the new staff nurses, wants to understand the channel of communication, span of control and lines of
communication. Which of the following will provide this information?
a. Organizational structure b. Policy c. Job description d. Manual of procedures

PROFESSIONAL ADJUSTMENT

110. A nurse who would like to practice nursing in the Philippines can obtain a license to practice by: a.
Paying the professional tax after taking the board exams
b. Passing the board exams and taking the oath of professionals
c. Paying the examination fee before taking the board exams
d. Undergoing the interview conducted by the Board of Nursing and taking the board exams

111. Reciprocity of license to practice requires that the country of origin of the interested foreign nurse complies with the following
conditions:
a. The country of origin has similar preparation for a nurse and has laws allowing Filipino nurses to practice in their country.
b. The Philippines is recognized by the country of origin as one that has high quality of nursing education
c. The country of origin requires Filipinos to take their own board examination
d. The country of origin exempts Filipinos from passing their licensure examination

112. Nurses practicing the profession in the Philippines and are employed in government hospitals are required to pay taxes such as:
a. Both income tax and professional tax
b. Income tax only since they are exempt from paying professional tax
c. Professional tax which is paid by all nurses employed in both government and private hospitals
d. Income tax which paid every March 15 and professional tax which is paid every January 31.

113. According to RA 9173 Philippine Nursing Act of 2002, a graduate nurse who wants to take must licensure examination must
comply with the following qualifications:
a. At least 21 years old, graduate of BSN from a recognized school, and of good moral character
b. At least 18 years old, graduate of BSN from a recognized school and of good moral character
c. At least 18 years old, provided that when s/he passes the board exams, s/he must be at least 21 years old; BSN graduate of a
recognized school, and of good moral character
d. Filipino citizen or a citizen of a country where we have reciprocity; graduate of BSN from a recognized school and of good moral
character

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114. Which of the following is TRUE about membership to the Philippine Nurses Association (PNA)?
a. Membership to PNA is mandatory and is stipulated in the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002
b. Membership to PNA is compulsory for newly registered nurses wanting to enter the practice of nursing in the country
c. Membership to PNA is voluntary and is encouraged by the PRC Code of Ethics for Nurses
d. Membership to PNA is required by government hospitals prior to employment

115. When the license of the nurse is revoked, it means that the nurse:
a. Is no longer allowed to practice the profession for the rest of her life
b. Will never have her/his license re-issued since it has been revoked
c. May apply for re-issuance of his/her license based on certain conditions stipulated in RA 9173 – reason for revocation must be
fixed already
d. Will remain unable to practice professional nursing

116. According to the current nursing law, the minimum educational qualification for a faculty member of a college of nursing is:
a. Only a Master of Arts in Nursing is acceptable c. At least a doctorate in nursing
b. Masters degree in Nursing or in the related fields d. At least 18 units in the Master of Arts in Nursing Program

117. The educational qualification of a nurse to become a supervisor in a hospital is:

A. BSN with at least 9 units of post graduate studies in nursing administration
B. Master of Arts in Nursing major in administration
C. At least 2-year experience as a headnurse – correct but question pertains to “education”
D. At least 18 units of post graduate studies in nursing administration

118. The Board of Nursing has quasi-judicial power. An example of this power is:
A. The Board can issue rules and regulations that will govern the practice of nursing
B. The Board can investigate violations of the nursing law and code of ethics
C. The Board can visit a school applying for a permit in collaboration with CHED
D. D. The Board prepares the board examinations

119. When a nurse causes an injury to the patient and the injury caused becomes the proof of the negligent act, the presence of the
injury is said to exemplify the principle of:
a. Force majeure – acts of God, beyond humans; calamities
b. Respondeat superior – the employer is also liable
c. Res ipsa loquitur – “the thing speaks of itself”
d. Holdover doctrine

120. Ensuring that there is an informed consent on the part of the patient before a surgery is done, illustrates the bioethical principle
of:
a. Beneficence b. Autonomy c. Truth telling/veracity d. Non-maleficence

121. When a nurse is providing care to her/his patient, s/he must remember that she is duty bound not to do doing any action that
will cause the patient harm. This is the meaning of the bioethical principle:
a. Non-maleficence – you will not do harm; omission
b. Beneficence – you will do good, act of kindness/mercy; commission of goodness
c. Justice
d. Solidarity – there is unity, togetherness, cooperation

122. When the nurse is asked to testify in court, s/he must abide by the ethical principle of:
a. Privileged communication – a communication that happens between the nurse and patient; can be used for criminal law offense

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b. Informed consent
c. Solidarity
d. Autonomy

123. When the doctor orders “do not resuscitate”, this means that
a. The nurse need not give due care to the patient since s/he is terminally ill
b. The patient need not be given food and water after all s/he is dying
c. The nurses and the attending physician should not do any heroic or extraordinary measures for the patient
d. The patient need not be given ordinary care so that her/his dying process is hastened

124. Which of the following statements is TRUE of abortion in the Philippines? a.

Induced abortion is allowed in cases of rape and incest
b. Induced abortion is both a criminal act and an unethical act for the nurse
c. Abortion maybe considered acceptable if the mother is unprepared for the pregnancy
d. A nurse who performs induced abortion will have no legal accountability if the mother requested that the abortion done on her.

125. A 92 year old client fell as he attempted to get out of bed on his own. Which information should the nurse include in her
documentation of the incident?
a. Describe what she saw and heard and the actions she took when she reached the client
b. Mention that an incident report was completed
c. Describe what she thinks occurred
d. Describe what the client said occurred

126. An RN is orienting a graduate nurse to the unit. A client is admitted with end-stage leukemia. Which statement made by the
graduate nurse should be corrected by the RN?
a. “The client can inform the physician that he doesn’t want CPR if his heart stops beating”.
b. “The client could designate another person to make end-of-life decisions when he’s no longer able”.
c. “The client can write a living will indicating his end-of-life preference” – advance directive
d. “The law dictates that the client must write a new living will each time he’s admitted to the hospital” – advance directive is valid
for 1 year

127. A client failed to administer a medication to a client according to accepted standards. Consequently, the client suffered adverse
effects. Failure to provide client care and following appropriate standards is called which of the following:
a. Breach of duty – failure to follow standards
b. Breach of promise c. Imprudence d. Tort – illegal act done against a person or a
person’s property (assault, battery)

128. A client refuses to take his 9 pm medication. How should the nurse document this on the medication administration record?
a. Leave the space blank where her initials would typically be written
b. Circle the time the drug was to be administered
c. Cross out the time the drug was to be administered
d. Circle the time the drug was to be administered and record the reason for the omission in the progress notes.

129. Which of the following can be interpreted as breach in client confidentiality?

a. The nurse provides the consulting physician with an update of the client’s hospital course
b. The intensive care nurse updates the staff nurse about a client transferred to the ICU 2 days ago
c. The physician notifies the client’s family about the client’s diagnosis of epilepsy against the client’s wishes
d. The physician notifies the client’s sister because the client has threatened to kill her sister.

130. After few years, you are now eligible to apply for a Supervising Public Health Nurse/ Nurse Supervisor. What are the
qualifications needed for this position?
1. Masters Degree in Nursing/MPH 3. Registered Nurse

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2. At least 3-year experience in training/nursing education 4. At least 5-year experience in PHN
a. 1 and 3 only b. 1, 2 and 3 only c. 1, 3 and 4 only d. all of the above

131. A client had been receiving a drug by injection over a number of weeks. As the clinical symptoms changed, the physician wrote
an order on the client’s order sheet changing the mode of administration from injection to oral. When the nurse on unit, who had
been off duty for several days, was preparing to give the medication by injection, the client objected and referred the nurse to the
physician’s new orders. The nurse should:
a. Go back to the order sheet and check for the order.
b. Talk with the nurse who had taken care of this particular client while he or she had been off duty.
c. Talk with the head nurse about the advisability of using oral rather than injectable medications.
d. Check the order sheet for the changed order and then speak with the attending physician concerning the changed order.

132. In relation to obtaining an informed consent from a 17 y/o adolescent the nurse should remember that the adolescent:
a. Does not have the legal capacity to give consent
b. Is not able to make an acceptable or intelligent choice
c. Is not able to give voluntary consent when parents are not available.
d. Will most likely to unable to choose between alternatives when asked to consent.

133. Lorna is a freshman college student with measles. She has an examination in Ethics and wants to go to school even if she is
contagious. Under the principle of double effect, Wilma should:
a. Not go to school and take the exams
b. Continue in taking the exams
c. Ask the teacher for permission
d. Take the exam at the back of the room

Principle of Double Effect – action has two effects (Positive and Negative Effect); Positive Effect should outweigh the Negative Effect

134. A client has suffered an extensive brain injury and can’t make his own treatment choice. Which written document is recognized
by the law and provides directions for provision at a time when the client can’t make his own choices?
a. Advanced directive – can be a Living Will or Durable Power of Attorney
b. Living will – more specific answer
c. Durable power of attorney – patient will assign a person to act on his behalf
d. Patient’s self-determination

135. A client refuses to follow the physician’s order and leaves the hospital against medical advice. What risk is the client assuming?
a. Acting responsibility c. Contributing to negligence
b. Violating the physician’s orders d. Assuming the risk for his health state

136. The physician has declared a client to be “brain dead”. The nurse realizes that his client has
a. No reflexes and no breathing c. No cortical functioning with some reflex breathing
b. Slow reflexes and shallow breathing d. Deep tendon reflexes only and no independent breathing

137. A hospital threatens to retain a newborn until the parents pay part of their bill. In legal terms this is known as
a. False threats
b. Assault and battery
c. False imprisonment – must be referred to the social worker; agreement includes a “promissory note”
d. Breach of confidentiality

138. Which of the following actions by the nurse would be considered an act of euthanasia?
a. Implementing a “Do Not Resuscitate” order in the home health setting.
b. Abiding by the decision of a living will signed by the client’s family.

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c. Encouraging a client to consult an attorney to document and assign a power of attorney.
d. Knowing that a dying client is overmedicating and not acting on this information.

139. The nurse places a new heating pad on a client and after 15 minutes realizes that the client has been burned because the
setting were incorrect. Which principle would legally apply?
a. No one could be held liable for new equipment.
b. The nurse could be held liable for the injury that occurred.
c. The nurse did what a reasonable, prudent nurse would do.
d. The manufacturer is liable for new equipment.

140. Upon entering from lunch, the nurse is approached in the elevator by a hospital employee from another unit. The employee
states that a close friend is a client on the nurse’s unit. She asks how the friend is doing and if all of her test were normal. The nurse
should
a. Answer the employee’s question softly so other people will not hear
b. Decline to discuss her friend’s medical condition and suggest that she visit her friend
c. Give the employee the name of the client’s physician and suggest that she call for this information
d. Tell the employee about the results of the client’s test only if they were within normal limits

141. The professional obligation of the nurse to assume responsibility for actions is referred to as
a. Accountability b. Individuality c. Responsibility d. Bioethics

Situation – Ninety year old Purita is confined at the medical unit for respiratory ailment for which a breathing apparatus is
prescribed for her to use while she sleeps. She refuses to wear it continuously though she fully understands the medical indication
for it.

142. Which of these ethical principles can guide the nurse in her action?
a. Beneficence b. Fidelity c. Autonomy – up to patient’s decision d. Nonmaleficence

143. Purita has six children who are already adults. They differ in their opinion whether or not to allow their mother to decide for
her. The nurse would encourage family conference for:
a. The eldest child’s opinion to be given priority c. Majority of the children to decide
b. Allowing the medical staff to decide in their behalf d. Consensus building

144. Breathing treatments are given to Purita. In anticipation that Purita might refuse, Dinio one of the children requests that he be
the one to sign the consent in behalf of their mother. The nurse explains that Purita is rational in her thinking and which of this
client’s right must be regarded?
a. Right to refuse treatment – document refusal of patient
b. Right to privacy
c. Right to informed consent
d. d. Right to habeas consent

145. The physician prescribed Digoxin 4 mg I.V. for a client with rapid Atrial Fibrillation. How should the nurse proceed?
a. Assess the client’s apical heart rate then administer the dose
b. Administer 0.4 mg I.V. because the physician most likely meant to write the dosage
c. Question the physician about the order – the dosage of the drug is too high
d. Administer the dose then monitor the client closely.

146. A client undergoing bronchoscopy needs to sign an informed consent form before the procedure. Which of the following is true
about informed consent?
a. The client cannot refuse the procedure after the consent is signed
b. If the client refuses to sign the consent form, another family member can sign for him
c. If the client refuse to sign the consent form, other treatments will be withdrawn

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d. Informed consent should include an explanation of alternative treatments or procedures

147. A Jehovah’s Witness is admitted to the hospital with upper G.I. bleeding. The physician orders: 2 units of packed RBC to be
administered over 2 hours each. When the nurse tells the client about the order, the client refuses the transfusion. How should the
nurse proceed?
a. Follow the Physician’s order and administer the transfusion
b. Tell the client that she is being ridiculous because she’ll die without the transfusion
c. Refuse to care for the client because you don’t agree with her religious belief
d. Tell her you understand her religious concerns and notify the physician

148. A nurse administers a dose of penicillin to a client who suddenly develop hives and difficulty of breathing. He notifies the
physician and takes emergency measures. Which of the following should the nurse include in his documentation?
a. Document the time, date, and site which the dose was administered
b. In addition to normal drug charting information, include the information about the client’s reaction
c. In addition to the normal drug charting information, include information about the client’s reaction, and any medical or nursing
intervention taken – correct but you (as a nurse) is not the one who performed the medical intervnetion
d. Include information about the client’s reaction and any nursing intervention given.

149. After a medication error is made in her unit, the nurse-manager will expect to receive which of the following?
a. Incident report c. Copy of the medication Kardex
b. Oral report from the nurse d. Order change signed by the physician

150. A nurse administers a unit of blood to a client without receiving informed consent. Performing a procedure, such as
administration of blood products without receiving informed consent can lead to which of the following charges?
a. Assault and Battery b. Fraud c. Breach of confidentiality d. Harassment

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