100218974

 Introduction
 Plastic bag banned in many state in India as well as other
country . (one time use plastics )
 15 serious effects of plastic bag in environmental pollution.
 Plastic waste management rules 2016.
 What’s new in plastic waste management rules 2016.
 Plastic waste management rules 2018.
 (Plastics ) where do they go?
 What do we do?
 What can we do?
 Alternative of plastic bag
 Biopolymer
 Conclusion
 References Savinandan Sharma
 Data released by the united states
environmental protection agency
shows that somewhere between
500billion and a trillion plastic bags are
consumed worldwide each other

National geographic news sep-2,2003

India's plastic consumption increase at over
10 percent year or year.
The first synthetic polymer or plastic as we
know it was created in the early 20th
centaury since then contemporary
alchemists have been culming up and
repurposing hydrocarbon molecules into
thousands of material that make up the
plastic family .
Everything from bottles to money is now
plastic
 Tamil Nadu, on January 1, 2019, became the fourth
state in India to implement a ban on single-use
plastics. Maharashtra was the first do it on March 23,
2018, Telangana followed the feat in June and
Himachal Pradesh in July. But most Indian states, or
almost all, have banned plastic bags.
 Single-use plastics are disposable plastic items that are
commonly used for packaging and include items
intended to be used only once before they are thrown
away or recycled.
 When the Tamil Nadu government banned single-use plastic
from January 1, 2019, the hotel industry in the state went into a
tizzy as they were still scrambling for alternatives.
 “We understand that single-use plastic is harmful for the
environment and so, in principle, support this ban. However, we
have no alternatives. Till the government comes up with
alternatives, it could have given some relaxation,” secretary of
Tamil Nadu Hotels Association R Srinivasan told Down To
Earth. “I hear some research is going on for cardboard-based
packaging for food. But it is in nascent stages. The governments
must support such initiatives if they are really serious about
solutions,” he added. Similarly, plastic manufacturers of the state
are also up in arms.
 To allay the fears, the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board
(TNPCB) issued a fresh advisory on January 1, 2019, to all the
concerned industries asking them to certain measures to comply
with the ban.
 Maharashtra, earlier this year, became the first state to
ban use of all kinds of single-use plastics. On March
23, 2018, it announced the ban on manufacture, usage,
transport, distribution, wholesale and retail sale and
storage and import of plastic bags with handle and
without handle, and the disposable products
manufactured from plastic and thermocol
(polystyrene) such as single-use disposable plastic
products used for packaging food in hotels, non-
woven polypropylene bags used to store liquid, plastic
packaging of fresh food items and food grain material
etc.
 Another state which banned the use of many kinds of
single-use plastics was Himachal Pradesh.
 In a notification issued on July 6, 2018, the state
government banned the use of plastic carry bags
irrespective of their thickness and sizes and all plastic
items that have one-time use and are made of non-
biodegradable materials. Anybody found violating the
ban could be fined Rs 500-Rs 25,000.
 The Telangana government also announced ban on
single use plastics in June 2018.
 According to the notification issued on June 14, 2018,
the ban covers drinking water plastic and tetra bottles,
single-use straws, plastic/styrofoam tea
cups/containers, plastic below 50 micron plastic or
plastic coated items and and any other forms of single
use/banned plastic.
 Karnataka’s and Utter Pradesh equally notification
came in 2016, Uttar Pradesh announced the ban on
August 15, 2018.
 Sikkim was way ahead of all these states, but only
when it comes to plastic bags, which the state banned
in 1998. In 2016, it announced a ban on use of plastic
bottles and Styrofoam and thermocol disposable plates
and cutlery, not a blanket single-use plastic ban.
 The Bihar government also imposed a similar ban from
October 25, 2018. Bihar’s ban was confined to use of plastic
carry bags. The manufacture, import, store, distribution,
selling and transport was banned. The only exemption
granted to this ban was use of plastic carry bags less than
50 microns for storage of bio-medical waste.
 PATNA: Plastic bags will be completely banned in urban
areas of Bihar from October 25 and in rural areas from
November 25 this year, the state government informed the
Patna High Court Monday. Advocate General Lalit Kishore,
who appeared for the state government, informed an HC
bench that "there will be complete ban on use of plastic
bags in any form from October 25 in urban areas, while it
will be banned in rural areas from November 25 across the
state."
15 Serious Effects of
Plastic Bags Causing
Environmental
Pollution
 When you buy something, like foodstuff or clothes,
the shopkeeper will normally pack them for you in a
shopper bag. Once you get home, you’ll throw the
shopper bag in the litter outside. This is the most
common way that plastic bags end up creating a
menace to the environment.
 While plastic bags are very useful in our day-to-day
lives, and we seemingly can’t do without them, they
have a significant contribution to the environmental
pollution, wildlife deaths, human health hazards, and
other detrimental impacts.
In this article we highlight 15 harmful effects of plastic bags, cutting across
social, economic, health and ecological aspects of life.
 Plastic bags kill about 100,000 animals annually. Many
animals, including whales, dolphins, turtles, penguins, and
dolphins, ingest plastic bags as they mistake them food.
2. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable
Plastic can take up to 2000 years to completely
decompose. In fact, all the plastic that has ever
been manufactured still lingers in
the environment. That means you’ll never live
to see the decomposition of plastic.
 Production of plastic takes 60-100 million barrels of oil
from the world’s petroleum reserves. Therefore, plastic
contributes significantly to the depletion of this
valuable resource, making the prices of petroleum
products to rise every passing day
 Studies have shown that meals that are eaten or heated
in plastic bags result in the development of ulcers,
asthma, obesity, and certain cancers. This is attributed
to the fact that plastic bags have some chemicals that
will mix with the meal when heated. One of these
chemicals is Bisphenol-A (BPA).
 BPA helps to make plastic more flexible and durable.
While it makes plastic more useful for everyday use,
this chemical contributes to serious health risks,
especially when it comes in contact with food.
 Ingredients of plastic bags include a plethora of
neurotoxin, carcinogenic, and hormone-disruptive
chemicals. Some of these chemicals are also released
as by-products of plastic production. When released,
they eventually end up in our ecosystem through the
land, water, and air pollution.
 Plastic bag accumulations are one of the most
common causes of drainage system clogging.
Developing countries are the most affected with this
problem.
 A good example of this impact is the floods that hit
Bangladesh about two decades ago. There was
extensive blockage of drainage systems, which was
partly attributed to plastic shopping bags.
 Plastic bags have contributed significantly to a massive
pile of plastic debris found in the North Pacific Ocean.
The garbage pile, which is nearly double the size of
Hawaii, is known as the Great Pacific Garbage.
According to the Wild Studies Institute, 80% of this
garbage in the ocean originates from land.
 We’ve seen that Bisphenol-A is a chemical compound
that is used in the manufacture of plastic bags. This
chemical is found in plastic food cans and water
bottles. When the chemical bonds weaken, BPA is
released and normally leaches into your food and
water.
 According to the World Health Organization, when
pregnant women are exposed to high concentrations of
Phthalates and BPA, which are chemical compounds
found in plastic, they may give birth to children with
lung problems.
 These children may also be at high risk of developing
asthma later in life. Moreover, children’s exposure to
these chemicals has been associated with increased
insulin resistance and high blood pressure.
 Certain chemicals used in the manufacturing of plastic
bags, especially BPA, act in the same way as oestrogen.
In the long run, these chemicals may interfere with
hormonal balance in women and affect reproduction.
 Moreover, studies have linked BPA to breast cancer in
animals. This chemical has also been associated with
thyroid issues and neurologic disorders in humans
 While plastic-related chemicals largely affect women
and children, men are also at risk. According to a study
by the World Health Organization, men who are often
in contact with phthalates and BPA have a higher risk
of developing prostate cancer. These chemicals can
also undermine their reproductive health
 The plastic bags in the dumpsite will normally release
chemicals that seep into the ground, ending into the
groundwater reservoirs. Then, the detrimental effects
of plastics would be passed through the ground to our
bodies through the plants we consume and the water
we drink.
 Pollution from plastic materials, such as plastic bags,
affect the natural order of feeding. This is because its
harmful effects don’t spare any animal or plant in the
food chain, ranging from large terrestrial animals to
microscopic plankton.
 As people continue to dump plastic bags into the
environment, which end up into the water bodies, a
2016 Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s The New Plastics
Economy report points out that over 8m tonnes of
plastics find its way into the ocean.
 This is equivalent to throwing the content of one
garbage truck into the sea every minute.
 Plastic bags don’t only pollute our water sources, they
also take a lot of water from these sources during their
production. You’ll need about 22 gallons of water to
produce one pound of plastic. There’s no need to waste
so much water manufacturing harmful plastics.
 Plastic has multiple uses and the physical and chemical properties lead
to commercial success. However, the indiscriminate disposal of plastic
has become a major threat to the environment. In particular, the plastic
carry bags are the biggest contributors of littered waste and every year,
millions of plastic bags end up in to the environment vis-a-vis soil,
water bodies, water courses, etc and it takes an average of one thousand
years to decompose completely. Therefore, to address the issue of
scientific plastic waste management, the Plastic Waste (Management
and Handling) Rules, 2011 were notified in 2011, which included plastic
waste management. The Government has notified the Plastic Waste
Management Rules, 2016, in suppression of the earlier Plastic Waste
(Management and Handling) Rules, 2011.
 Increase minimum thickness of plastic carry bags from 40 to
50 microns and stipulate minimum thickness of 50 micron for
plastic sheets also to facilitate collection and recycle of plastic
waste
 Expand the jurisdiction of applicability from the municipal
area to rural areas, because plastic has reached rural areas also
 To bring in the responsibilities of producers and generators,
both in plastic waste management system and to introduce
collect back system of plastic waste by the producers/brand
owners, as per extended producers responsibility
 To bring in the responsibilities of producers and generators,
both in plastic waste management system and to introduce
collect back system of plastic waste by the producers/brand
owners, as per extended producers responsibility
 Rural areas have been brought in ambit of these Rules since
plastic has reached to rural areas also. Responsibility for
implementation of the rules is given to Gram Panchayat.
 Plastic products are left littered after the public events (marriage
functions, religious gatherings, public meetings etc) held in
open spaces. First time, persons organising such events have
been made responsible for management of waste generated from
these event
 State Pollution Control Board (SPCBs) will not grant/renew
registration of plastic bags, or multi-layered packaging unless
the producer proposes the action plan endorsed by the
concerned State Development Department.
 Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has been mandated to
formulate the guidelines for thermoset plastic (plastic difficult to
recycle). In the earlier Rules, there was no specific provision for
such type of plastic.
 The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has notified
the Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules 2018 on March 27,
2018.
 The amended Rules lay down that the phasing out of Multilayered
Plastic (MLP) is now applicable to MLP, which are "non-recyclable, or
non-energy recoverable, or with no alternate use."
 The amended Rules also prescribe a central registration system for the
registration of the producer/importer/brand owner. The Rules also lay
down that any mechanism for the registration should be automated
and should take into account ease of doing business for producers,
recyclers and manufacturers. The centralised registration system will
be evolved by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for the
registration of the producer/importer/brand owner. While a national
registry has been prescribed for producers with presence in more than
two states, a state-level registration has been prescribed for smaller
producers/brand owners operating within one or two states.
 In addition, Rule 15 of the Plastic Waste Management (Amendment)
Rules 2018 on "explicit pricing of carry bags" has been omitted.
Where do they go?
 A study in 19/5, showed oceangoing
vessels together dumped 8 million
pounds of plastic annually .the real
reason that the world’s landfills weren’t
overflowing with plastic was because
most of it ended up in an ocean –fill.
Bag get blown around
To different parts of our lands
And to our seas , lakes and rivers.
Plastic bags have been found floating north of the arctic
circle near Spitsbergen , and as far south as the
Falkland islands .

British Antarctic survey

Plastic bags account for over 10 percent of the
debris washed up on the U.S. coastline.
Plastic bags photo degrade over time
they break down into smaller , more
toxic petro –polymers .
Which eventually contaminate soils and waterways
As a consequence microscopic particles
can enter the food chain.
The effect on wildlife can be catastrophic .
Birds become terminally entangled.
Nearly 200 different species or sea life including
whales , dolphins , seals , and turtle die due to
plastic bags .
They die after ingesting plastic bags which
they mistake for food
SO......

WHAT DO WE DO?
If we use a cloth bags we can save 6 bags a
week
That’s 24 bags a month approx .
That’s 288 bags a year approx .
That’s 22,176 bags in an average life
time .
If just 1 out of 5 people in our country did
this we would save 1,330,560,000,000bags
over our life time.
Bangladesh has banned plastic bags
China has banned free plastic bags
Ireland took the lead in Europe , taxing plastic bags
in 2002.they have reduced plastic bag
consumption by 90%.
In 2005 Rwanda banned plastic bags .
Italy and south Australia have recently
banned plastic bags .
Israel, Canada ,western India ,Botswana ,Kenya
,Tanzania ,south Africa ,Taiwan and Singapore
have also banned or are moving toward banning
the plastic bags .
On march 27th 2007,san Francisco becomes first U.S.
City to ban plastic bags .
Other places considering plastic bag bans include :
Long beach ,new York city, Seattle ,Boston ,phoenix,
Arkansas ,Oregon ,Vermont ,Connecticut and
Maryland and India
Plastic shopping bags are made from polyethylene :
A thermoplastic made from oil .
Reducing plastic bags will decrease foreign oil
dependency.
 China will save 37 million barrels of oil each year
due to their ban of free plastic bags .
What can we do?
Reduce
Reuse
Refuse
Recycle
 The use of plastic bags
For leftovers and takeout food , reusable containers are better
than foam boxes or plastic wrap and bags
Carry a refillable bottle or mug made of glass , ceramic or
stainless steel for beverage on the go .

BE A SMART PLASTIC USER

 Reuse plastic bags you have accumulated as garbage
liners.
 Start using reusable shopping bags
 Find the right styles and designs to suit your taste and
lifestyle.
 Refuse a bag –cashiers are programmed to keep the
line moving and don’t always stop to think or bother to
ask if you need bag.
 If you don’t need one , don't take a one .
 Your plastic following the instructions given by your
local recycling program.
 Bio polymer is a polymer that is develop from living
beings .
 It is a biodegradable, i e they are broken down into co2
and water by micro organism .
 Example-cellulose ,starch, chitin, protein. peptides,
DNA and RNA.
 Polymer have become as essential part of our daily life
having its numerous advantages .
 It finds its use in every field on the other side these
polymer products account for approx.150million tons
of non-degradable waste every year such waste leads to
various problem including pollutions ,soil erosion ,and
other environmental problems
 Permeability
 Non- toxicity
 Mechanical strength
 Controlled rate of degradation
 Tensile strength
 Bio -compatibility
 Bio bags:- Made up of corn starch ,bio-degradable and
compostable .biopolymer-ester and vegetable oil and it is
100% biodegradable .
 Agriculture sector:- Contains such as biodegradable plant
pots and disposable contains and bags ,fertilizers and
chemical storages bags
 Automobile sector:- Natural fibres aresubstitued for glass
fibre as reinforcement materials in plastic parts of
commercial vehicles and their waste products can be
composted
 Medical sector:- biopolymer for oculars vascular
orthopaedic skin adhesive and surgical glues .
 Many biopolymer like heart ,valve replacement and blood
vessels are made up of Teflon and poly urethane
 They are carbon neutral and can always be renewed and
use sustainable as they are composed of living materials .
 These polymer can reduce co2 levels in the atmosphere and
also decrease carbon emission .
 its is also compostable which means theirs is less chance of
environmental pollution from this compounds
 They reduce depending on non-renewable fossil fuels and
are easily bio-degradable and can decrease air pollution
 It greatly reduces the harmful effects of plastic use on the
environment long term use of bio-polymer use will limit
the use of fossil fuels
 Plastic bags affect many people, not only the consumers but plastic
bags also affects the environment and animals. We are affected by plastic
bags because we all dispose of them incorrectly and because we are unaware
of the consequences of using plastic bags. Research shows that “It takes
500-1,000 years for plastic to degrade” this means the plastic we use isn’t
really going away anytime soon. The amount of plastic bags we use is
important because once we throw the plastic bags away they will just pile up
and create pollution, which is harmful to the environment because how we
dispose of the plastic bags isn’t really going to help due to the amount of
time it takes for them to decompose.
The environmental effects of plastic bags are important because they not
only affect the environment ,but also affects humans. The environmental
effects due to plastic bags are pollution, litter, loss of resource, and pacific
trash vortex. This is important because plastic bags are used worldwide and
are mostly used once then are thrown out and because of this we are just
harming ourselves by continuing to use plastic bags.

 An alternative for plastic bags would be using reusable bags made of other
fabrics instead of using plastic. Using reusable bags would reduce the
effects of plastic bags because we would lower the amount of plastic being
produced and disposed by simply using a reusable bag.
 CPCB REPORTS
 BPCB REPORTS
 WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
 https://1bagatatime.com/learn/plastic-bags-petroleum/
 https://greentumble.com/10-reasons-why-plastic-bags-
should-be-banned/
 Author: Jamey Wagner ( E NVIRONMENT RESEARCH)
 The environmental impacts of the disposal of plastic
pollution-Asgedom, Abraha gebrekidan ( environmental
studies volume2 pp.81-94).
 Public health impact of plastic: an overview -Neeti
Rustagi, S.K. Pradhan Plastics in Depth: Recycling,
Disposal, Toxicity, Health Impacts.
 Guided by Dr. MANOJ SIR

Thanks for your support .