Baja, Christine Joy M.

BSEE-2102
Problem Set No. 1

1 BASIC PRINCIPLES, CONCEPTS AND DEFINITION

Design Problem 1
What is the mass in grams and the weight in dynes and in gram-force of 12 oz of salt?
Local g is 9.65 m/s2 1 lbm- = 16 oz.
Ans. 340.2 gm ; 328,300 dynes ; 334.8 gf
Find:
a) mass in grams
b) weight in dynes
c) in gram-force of 12 oz of salt
Given:
m=12 oz
g=9.65 m/s2
9.65m/s2 x 100 cm/s2 = 965 cm/s2
Solution:

a) 12 oz (1 lbm/16 oz)(453.60 g/1 lbm) = 340.2 g

b) Fg = mg/k
𝑐𝑚
(340.2 𝑔)(965 𝑐𝑚
𝑠2
Fg = (𝑔𝑚)(980.66 𝑐𝑚
𝑐𝑚
)
𝑠
𝑔𝑓
Fg = 334.7674 g
980.66 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠
(c) Fg = 334.80 gf x 1 𝑔𝑓
Fg = 328324.968 dynes

Design Problem 2
A mass of 0.10 slug in space is subjected to an external vertical force of 4 lb. If the local
gravity acceleration is g = 30.5 fps2 and if friction effects are neglected, determine the acceleration
of the mass if the external vertical force is acting
(a) upward
(b) downward
Ans. (a) 9.5 fps2; (b) 70.5 fps2
Find:
a) acceleration of the mass if the external vertical force is acting upward
 b) acceleration of the mass if the external vertical force is acting downward
Given:
m = 0.10 slug
F = 4 lbf
g= 30.5 ft/s2

Solution:

a) Fnet = F-mg

Fnet = 4 lbf– (0.10 slug x 30.5 ft/s2)

Fnet = 4 lbf– 3.05

Fnet = 0.95 lbf

0.95
Fnet/m = a = 0.10

a= 9.5ft/s²

b) Fnet = 4 +( 0.1x30.5)

Fnet= 4+3.05

Fnet= 7.05lbf
7.05
a = Fnet/m = 0.10

a= 70.5 ft/s²

Design Problem 3
The mass of a given airplane at sea level (g = 32.1 fps2) is 10 tons. Find its mass in lb,
slugs, and kg and its (gravitational) weight in lb when it is travelling at a 50,000-ft elevation. The
acceleration of gravity g decreases by 3.33 x 106 fps2 for each foot of elevation.
Ans. 20,000 lbm ; 621.62 slugs ; 19,850 lbf
Find: mass in lb, slugs, kg, (gravitational) weight in lb when it is travelling at a 50,000-ft elevation
Given: g = 32.1 ft/s2
h = 50, 000 ft
m = 10 tons

Solution:
2000 𝑙𝑏𝑚
a) 10 tons x 1𝑡𝑜𝑛
= 20,000 lbm

1 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔
b) 20,000 lbm x 32.174 𝑙𝑏𝑚 = 621.6199 slug

/ft)
a = 31.9335 ft/s2
Fg = mg/k
F

Fg = 19850.5004 lbf

Design Problem 4
A lunar excursion module (LEM) weights 1500 kg on earth where g = 9.75 mps 2. What
will be its weight on the surface of the moon where gm. = 1.70 mps2. On the surface of the moon,
what will be the force in kgf and in newtons required to accelerate the module at 10 mps2?
Ans. 261.5 kgf ; 1538.5 kgf ; 15,087 N
Find:
weight on the surface of the moon (where gm. = 1.70 mps2)
On the surface of the moon; force in kgf and in newtons

Given:

Fge = 1500 kgf

gm = 1.70 m/s2
ge = 9.75 m/s2
Solution:

a) If it weighs 1500 kgf on earth where the gravity (acceleration) is 9.75 m/s^2
m = F/a
m = 1500kg/9.75 m/s2
m = 153.8462 kg

accelerate this mass at 10 m/s^2

F=ma
153.8462 kg x 10 m/s2 = 1538.4615 kg

b) On the moon where gravity is 1.7 m/s^2

F = ma
153.8462 x 1.7 = 261.5385 kgf.

convert kgf to newton

9.80665 𝑁
1538.8462 x = 15090.8491 N or 15,090 N
1 𝑘𝑔𝑓

Design Problem 5
The mass of a fluid system 0.311 slug, its density is 30 lb/ft3 and g is 31.90 fps2.
Find
(a) the specific volume
(b) the specific weight,
(c) the total volume.
Ans. (a) 0.0333 ft3/lb ; (b) 29.75 lb/ft3 ; (c) 0.3335 ft3
Find: the specific volume; the specific weight; the total volume

Given:

m = 0.311 slug

g = 31.90 ft/s2

d= 30 lb/ft3

Solution:
a) v =1/p
v = 1/30 lb/ft3
 v =.03333ft3/s2
b) γ = ρg/k
(30𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡3 𝑥 31.90 𝑓𝑡/𝑠2)
γ= = 29.7445 lb/ft3
32.174
c) total volume
0.311 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 𝑥 32.174 𝑓𝑡/𝑠2
= 0.3335 ft3
30𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡3

Design Problem 6
A cylindrical drum (2-ft diameter, 3-ft height) is filled with fluid whose density is 40lb/ft3.
Determine
(a) the total volume of fluid
(b) its total mass in pounds and slugs,
(c) its specific volume
(d) its specific weight where g = 31.90 fps2.
Ans. (a) 9.43 ft3 ; (b) 377.2 lb ; 11.72 slugs ; (c) 0.025 ft3/ lb; (d) 39.66 lb/ft3.

Find: the total volume of fluid; its total mass in pounds and slugs; its specific volume; its specific
weight where g = 31.90 fps2.
Given:

ρ= 40 lb/ft3
h = 3 ft
d = 2 ft
g = 31.90 ft/s2
Solution:

a) V = ( π / 4 ) ( d)2 ( h )

V = ( π / 4 ) ( 2ft )2 ( 3 ft )

V = 9.4248 ft^3

b) m= (ρ) (V)

m= (40 lbm/ft3) (9.4248 ft3)

m= 376.992 lbm

m= (376.992 lbm) (1 slug/ 32.174 lbm)

m= 11.7173 slugs

c) V = 1/ ρ
 V = 1 / (40 lbm/ft3)

V = 0.025 ft3/lbm

d) γ = (ρ)(g)/k

γ = (40 lb/ft3)(31.90 ft/s2)/ 32.174 lb

γ = 39.6594 lb/ft3

Design Problem 7
A weatherman carried an aneroid barometer from the ground floor to his office atop the
Sears Tower in Chicago. On the ground level, the barometer read 30.150 in. Hg absolute; topside
it read 28.607 in. Hg absolute. Assume that the average atmospheric air density was 0.075 lb/ft3
and estimate the height of the building.
Ans. 1455 ft
Find: h = ? (height of the building)

Given:
30.150 in. Hg absolute
28.607 in. Hg absolute
average atmospheric air density was 0.075 lb/ft3

Solution:
Pressure difference
(30.15 – 28.607)in.Hg = 1.543in.Hg
0.145 𝑙𝑏
25.4𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑔 0.13332 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑖𝑛2 144 𝑖𝑛2
P = 1.543 in. Hg x x x x
1 𝑖𝑛.𝐻𝑔 1 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1 𝑓𝑡2

P = 109.1002 lb/ft2
ΔP = dh
109.1002 lb/ft2 = (0.075 lb/ft3)h
h = 1455 ft

Design Problem 8
A vacuum gauge mounted on a condenser reads 0.66 m Hg. What is the absolute pressure
in the condenser in kPa when the atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa?
Ans. 13.28 kPa
Find: absolute pressure in kPa

Given:
Po = 101.3 kPa
Pg = 0.66 m.Hg

Solution:
1mmHg = 0.13332 kPa
1000 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 0.13332 𝑘𝑃𝑎
Pg = 0.66 m.Hg x x
1 𝑚 𝐻𝑔 1 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔

Pg = 87.9912 kPa
P = Po - Pg
P = 101.3 – 87.9912 kPa
P = 13.3288 kPa

Design Problem 9
Convert the following readings of pressure to kPa absolute, assuming that the barometer
reads 760 mm Hg: (a) 90 cm Hg gage; (b) 40 cm Hg vacuum; (c) 100 psig; (d) 8 in. Hg vacuum,
and (e) 76 in. Hg gage.
Ans. (a) 221.24 kPa ; (b) 48 kPa ; (c) 790.83 kPa ; (d) 74.213 kPa ; (e) 358.591 kPa
Find: 90 cm Hg gage; 40 cm Hg vacuum; 100 psig; 8 in. Hg vacuum; 76 in. Hg gage

Given:
133.32 𝑃𝑎 1 𝑘𝑃𝑎
Po = 760 mm Hg x x 1000 𝑃𝑎
1 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔

Po = 101.3232 kPa

Solution:
1 mm.Hg = 0.13332 kPa

10 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 0.13332 𝑘𝑃𝑎
a) Pg = 90 cm.Hg x x
1 𝑐𝑚 𝐻𝑔 1 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔

Pg = 119.988 kPa
 P = Po + Pg
P = 101.3232 kPa + 119.988 kPa

P = 221.3112 kPa

10 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 0.13332 𝑘𝑃𝑎
b) Pg = 40 cm.Hg x x
1 𝑐𝑚 𝐻𝑔 1 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔
Pg = 53.328 kPa
P = Po - Pg
P = 101.3232 kPa – 53.328 kPa

P = 47. 9952 kPa

c) Pg = 100 psi

6.8948 𝑘𝑃𝑎
Pg = 100 lb/in2 x 𝑙𝑏
1
𝑖𝑛2
Pg = 689.48 kPa
P = Po + Pg
P = 101.3232 kPa + 689.48 kPa

P = 749. 8032 kPa

25.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 0.13332 𝑘𝑃𝑎

d) Pg = 8 in.Hg x x
1 𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑔 1 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔
Pg = 27.0906 kPa
P = Po - Pg
P = 101.3232 kPa – 27.0906 kPa

P = 74.2326 kPa

25.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 0.13332 𝑘𝑃𝑎

e) Pg = 76 in.Hg x x
1 𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑔 1 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔
Pg = 257.3609 kPa
P = Po + Pg
P = 101.3232 kPa +
257.3609 kPa
P = 358.6841 kPa
Design Problem 10
A fluid moves in a steady flow manner between two sections in a flow line. At section 1:A1
= 10 ft , 𝜐1 = 100 fpm, v1 = 4 ft3/lb. At section 2: A2 = 2 ft2, ρ2 = 0.20 lb/f13. Calculate (a) the mass
2

flow rate and (b) the speed at section 2

Ans. (a) 15,000 lb/h ; (b) 10.42 fps
Find: the mass flow rate; the speed at section 2
Given:
A1=10ft2
Ʋ 1=100ft/min
v1= 4ft3/lb
A2=2ft2
D2= 0.20 lb/ft3

Solution:
a) d1 = 1/v1
d1 = 1/(4ft3/lb)
d1 = 0.25 lb/ft3
mass flow rate = (A1)( Ʋ 1)( d1)
60 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= (10 ft2)(100 ft/min)(0.25 lb/ft3) x 1ℎ

= 15,000 lb/h

b) (A1)( Ʋ 1)(d1) = (A2)( Ʋ2)(d2)

(10ft2)( 100ft/min)( 0.25 lb/ft3) = (2ft2)( 0.20 lb/ft3)( Ʋ2)
250 lb/min = 0.4 lb/ft (Ʋ2)
𝑙𝑏
250 𝑙𝑏/𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.4 𝑓𝑡 (Ʋ2)
=
0.4 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 0.4 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡
(625 ft/min)(1 min/60 secs) = Ʋ2
Ʋ2 = 10.4167 fps
Design Problem 11
If a pump discharges 75 gpm of water whose specific weight is 61.5 lb/ft3 (g = 31.95 fps2),
fInd
(a) the mass flow rate in lb/min,
(b) and total time required to fill a vertical cylinder tank 10 ft, in diameter and 12 ft high.
Ans. (a) 621.2 lb/min, (b) 93.97 min
Find: the mass flow rate in lb/min; total time required to fill a vertical cylinder tank 10 ft, in
diameter and 12 ft high.

Given:

Volume flow rate = 75 gal/min g=31.95fps2

Specific weight, γ = 61.5 lb/ft3

Solution:
75 𝑔𝑎𝑙 1 𝑓𝑡3
a) 𝑥 7.48 𝑔𝑎𝑙 = 10.0267 𝑓𝑡3/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛

mass flow rate = (10.0267 ft3/min)( 61.9335 lbm/ft3)

= 620.9886 lb/min

γ = dg/k
𝑓𝑡
(𝑑)(31.95 )
3 𝑠2
61.5 lbf/ft = 𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑏𝑚 (32.174 )
𝑠2
𝑙𝑏𝑓

61.5 lbf/ft3 = 0.9930 lbm/lbf (d)

𝑙𝑏𝑚
61.5 𝑙𝑏𝑓/𝑓𝑡3 0.9930 (𝑑)
𝑙𝑏𝑓
=
0.9930 𝑙𝑏𝑚/𝑙𝑏𝑓 0.9930 𝑙𝑏𝑚/𝑙𝑏𝑓
d = 61.9335 lbm/ft3

b) diametercylinder = 10ft
h = 12 ft
T = (Volume)/(flowrate)

𝜋𝑑2
=( )(h)/(flowrate)
4

T = 93.97 min