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Measures of Variability: Grouped Data

The document discusses measures of variability for grouped data including range, variance, and standard deviation. It provides formulas and steps to calculate each measure using an example data set. The range is the difference between the upper boundary of the highest interval and the lower boundary of the lowest interval. Variance is calculated using class frequencies, midpoints, deviations from the mean, and summing the products. Standard deviation is the square root of the variance and represents the average variability in a data set.

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Vic Tivar
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578 views11 pages

Measures of Variability: Grouped Data

The document discusses measures of variability for grouped data including range, variance, and standard deviation. It provides formulas and steps to calculate each measure using an example data set. The range is the difference between the upper boundary of the highest interval and the lower boundary of the lowest interval. Variance is calculated using class frequencies, midpoints, deviations from the mean, and summing the products. Standard deviation is the square root of the variance and represents the average variability in a data set.

Uploaded by

Vic Tivar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Measures of Variability

Grouped Data
Range of Grouped Data
• The range is the simplest measures of variability. The range of a
frequency distribution is simple the difference between the upper
class boundary of the top interval and the lower class boundary of the
bottom interval.
Upper Class Boundary Lower Class Boundary
Range = -
of the Highest Interval of the Lowest Interval
Illustrative Example: solve for the range
Scores in the Second Periodical Solutions:
Upper Class Limit of the highest Interval = 50
Test of 7 – Faith in Mathematics 7 Upper Class Boundary of the Highest Interval = 50 + 0.5 = 50.5
Scores Frequency
Lower Class Limit of the lowest Interval = 21
46 – 50 1 Lower Class Boundary of the Lowest Interval = 21 - 0.5 = 20.5
41 – 45 10 Upper Class Boundary Lower Class Boundary
Range = -
36 – 40 10 of the Highest Interval of the Lowest Interval

31 – 35 16 Range = 50.5 – 20.5


26 – 30 9
Range = 30
21 - 25 4
Therefore, the range of the given data set is 30.
2
Variance of Grouped Data ( 𝜎 )
• Variance is the mean of the square of the deviations from the mean
of a frequency distribution.
• For large quantities, the variance is computed using frequency and
midpoint value for each interval, the deviation and its square, and the
product of the frequency and the squared deviation.
• To find the variance of the grouped data, use the formula:

𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥)2 Where:


𝜎2 = f = class frequency
𝑓 −1 X = Class Mark
𝑥 = class mean
∑f = total number of frequency
In calculating the variance, do the following steps:
1. Prepare a frequency distribution with appropriate class intervals and
write the corresponding frequency (f).
2. Get the midpoint (X) of each class interval.
3. Multiply frequency (f) and the midpoint (X) of each interval to get fX.
4. Add fX of each interval to get ∑fX.
𝑓𝑋
5. Compute the mean using 𝑥 = .
𝑓
6. Calculate the deviation (X - 𝑥) by subtracting the mean from each
midpoint.
7. Square the deviation of each interval to get (𝑋 − 𝑥)2 .
8. Multiply frequency (f) and (𝑋 − 𝑥)2 . Fond the sum of each product to
get 𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥)2 . 2
𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥)
9. Calculate the variance using the formula 𝜎 2 =
𝑓 −1
Find the variance of In calculating the variance, do the following steps:
1. Prepare a frequency distribution with appropriate
the given data set: class intervals and write the corresponding frequency
(f).
Scores in the Second Periodical
2. Get the midpoint (X) of each class interval in column 2.
Test of 7 – Faith in Mathematics 7
3. Multiply frequency (f) and the midpoint (X) of each
Scores Frequency interval to get fX.
46 – 50 1 4. Add fX of each interval to get ∑fX.
41 – 45 10 𝑓𝑋
5. Compute the mean using 𝑥 = .
𝑓
36 – 40 10 6. Calculate the deviation (X - 𝑥) by subtracting the mean
31 – 35 16 from each midpoint.
26 – 30 9 7. Square the deviation of each interval to get (𝑋 − 𝑥)2 .
21 - 25 4 8. Multiply frequency (f) and (𝑋 − 𝑥)2 . Fond the sum of
each product to get 𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥)2 .
9. Calculate the variance using the formula
2
𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥)
𝜎2 =
𝑓 −1
Solution
Class Mark
Scores Frequency fX (X - 𝑥) (X − 𝑥) 2 f(X − 𝑥) 2
(X)
46 – 50 1 48 48 13.4 179.56 179.56
41 – 45 10 43 430 8.4 70.56 705.6
36 – 40 10 38 380 3.4 11.56 115.6
31 – 35 16 33 528 -1.6 2.56 40.96
26 – 30 9 28 252 - 6.6 43.56 392.04
21 - 25 4 23 92 - 11.6 134.56 538.24
i=5 𝒇 = 50 𝟐
𝒇𝑿 = 𝟏, 𝟕𝟑𝟎 𝒇 𝑿 − 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝟗𝟕𝟐

𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥)2 𝜎 2 = 40.2448 ≈ 40.24


𝜎2 =
𝑓𝑋 1,730 𝑓 −1
Mean (𝑥) = = = 34.60 1.972 Therefore, the variance (𝝈𝟐 )
𝑓 50 2
𝜎 =
50 − 1 is 40.24
2
1.972
𝜎 =
49
Standard Deviation
• The standard deviation is considered the best indicator of the degree
of dispersion among the measures of variability because it represents
an average variability of the distribution.
• Given the set of data, the smaller the range, the smaller the standard
deviation, the less spread is the distribution.
• To get the value of the distribution (s), get the square root of the
variance (𝜎 2 ).
𝑠= 𝜎2
Solution
Class Mark
Scores Frequency fX (X - 𝑥) (X − 𝑥) 2 f(X − 𝑥) 2
(X)
46 – 50 1 48 48 13.4 179.56 179.56
41 – 45 10 43 430 8.4 70.56 705.6
36 – 40 10 38 380 3.4 11.56 115.6
31 – 35 16 33 528 -1.6 2.56 40.96
26 – 30 9 28 252 - 6.6 43.56 392.04
21 - 25 4 23 92 - 11.6 134.56 538.24
i=5 𝒇 = 50 𝟐
𝒇𝑿 = 𝟏, 𝟕𝟑𝟎 𝒇 𝑿 − 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝟗𝟕𝟐

𝑓𝑋 1,730 1.972 𝑠= 𝜎2
Mean (𝑥) = = = 34.60 2
𝜎 =
𝑓 50
50 − 1
𝑠 = 40.24
𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥)2 2
1.972
𝜎2 = 𝜎 = 𝒔 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟒
𝑓 −1 49
𝝈𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝟒𝟖 ≈ 𝟒𝟎. 𝟐𝟒
Complete the frequency distribution table by finding the unknown values.
Scores of Grade 7 Avocado Students in 4th Periodical Test in Mathematics Questions:
Score Frequency Class fX (X - 𝑥) (X − 𝑥) 2 f(X − 𝑥) 2 1. How did you determine the
(f) Mark unknown values in the frequency
(X) distribution table?
46 – 50 2 2. What is the class size?
41 – 45 9 3. What is the 𝑓𝑋 ?
4. What is the value of the mean in the
36 – 40 13
given distribution table?
31 – 35 11 5. What is the upper class boundary of
26 – 30 10 the top interval? What about the
21 – 25 5 lower class boundary of the bottom
interval?
i=
𝑓= 𝑓𝑋 = 𝑓 𝑋 − 𝑥 2 = 6. What is the range
7. What is the variance of the given
distribution table?
8. How would you find the variance?
9. What is the standard deviation?
10.How would you solve for the
standard deviation?
Calculate the range, variance, and standard deviation of the Weekly
Allowance of students in Binago School of Fisheries. Write your
complete solutions and answers on a sheet of paper.
Weekly allowance of Students in Binago School of Fisheries
Weekly Allowance
Frequency Class Mark (X) fX (X - 𝑥) (X − 𝑥) 2 f(X − 𝑥) 2
(in Pesos)
500 – 549 2
450 – 499 3
400 – 449 1
350 – 399 3
300 – 349 4
250 – 299 14
200 – 249 12
150 – 199 21
100 - 149 10

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