Step Turning on lathe

S.No Operations Tools

25±0.2
1 Chucking of the blank Chuck
2 Facing of the end Side tool
3 Roughing Roughing
tool
102±0.2 mm
4 Finishing and Finishing
chamfering tool, hand
tool
5 Parting off Parting off
tool
6 Facing of the other Side tool,
end, chamfering hand tool

Measuring Instruments: Steel rule, Vernier callipers

Experiment - 2
Ø20 Ø 15
Example
Example
Lathe Machine
Lathe machine
 Major parts of a lathe Machine

Cross-Slide Tool holder Compound rest

Headstock Tailstock

Feed levers
Lead screw

Bed

Quick-change Feed rod

Gearbox

Base

Split-Nut
Carriage hand lever
wheel
Carriage
 Major parts of a lathe Machine
Headstock
Tailstock

Quick Bed
Change
Gearbox

Carriage
 Lathe Features

1. Headstock
Head stock provides the
driving power to control the
rotation of the part
(workpiece) being machined.

The headstock contains the

spindle to which the various
work-holding attachments
are fitted.
Lathe machine
Headstock

•Clamped on left-hand
end of bed
•Headstock spindle
•Hollow cylindrical shaft
supported by bearings
•Provides drive through
gears to work-holding
devices
•Live center, faceplate, or
chuck fitted to spindle
nose to hold and drive
work
•Driven by stepped pulley
or transmission gears
Head Stock

Work holding
device: chuck
 Work holding devices
Faceplate

3 Jawchuck
4 Jawchuck

Angle Plate
Mandrel

Centers
 Lathe Features

2. Bed/Base
• Its function is to provide
main frame for the
support of the work-
piece and tool during
machining.
• Heavy, rugged casting
Made to support working parts
of lathe
• On top section are machined
ways
• Guide and align major parts of
lathe
Lathe machine
 Base
1. Vibrations
2. Heat Misalignment
3. Load
4. Support the movement of the tool and workpiece

Design criteria

(1)Ability of the structure of the bed to resist distortion effectively due

to static and dynamic loads.

(2) Stability of the motion of the carriage under load.

(3) Wear resistance of guides.

(4) Freedom from residual stresses.

(5) Levelling.
 Lathe Features
3. Carriage
Controls and supports the cutting tool,
and composed of a number of parts.

Power is transmitted to the carriage Tool rest

Cross-slide
through the feed mechanism. This
regulates the amount of tool travel per
Compound rest
Saddle
revolution of the spindle (Feed).

Used to move cutting tool along

lathe bed
Consists of 5 main parts
1. Saddle:H-shaped casting
mounted on top of lathe
ways, provides means of
mounting cross-slide and
apron
2. Cross-slide
3. Compound rest
4. Tool post Apron
5. Apron
Lathe machine
 1

2
3
4
3 The parts of a lathe carriage:
4 1. Toolpost
2. Compound/top-slide
5 3. Cross-slide
4. Saddle
5. Apron
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1t-Vw-CYlgo
 Carriage Parts

1. The saddle is fitted to the ways of the bed and slides along them (Z axis
for CNC machines).
2. The apron contains a drive mechanism to move the carriage along the
ways, using hand or power feed.
3. The cross-slide allows the tool to move in and out (toward or away from
the operator), (X axis for CNC machines).
4. The compound rest allows the tool to move at an angle. (move in X and Z
axes at the same time)
5. The tool rest is used to mount the cutting tool.
Cross-slide
•Mounted on top of saddle
•Provides manual or automatic cross movement for cutting tool
•Compound rest (fitted on top of cross-slide)
•Used to support cutting tool
•Swiveled to any angle for taper-turning
•Has graduated collar that ensure accurate cutting-tool settings (.001
in.) (also cross-slide)
Apron
•Fastened to saddle
•Houses gears and mechanism required to move carriage or cross-slide
automatically
•Locking-off lever inside apron prevents engaging split-nut lever and
automatic feed lever at same time
•Apron handwheel turned manually to move carriage along lathe bed

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIZCxwKozYc
 Main Specifications of aLATHE
1. Length between the centers Centre Lathes :
2. Height of the centers
•Distance Between Centres : 800 mm to 2000mm
3. Swing diameter over the bed •Swing Over Bed 350 mm to 500 mm
4. Swing diameter over the carriage •Number of Speeds 8 to 18
•Number of Feeds 24 to 60
5. Maximum bar diameter •Spindle Power Rating 3 hp to 10 hp
 Length b/n centers

Tool
Head Stock Tail Stock
Post

Carriage Guide ways

LATHEBED
 Height of the centers

Tool
Head Stock Tail Stock
Post

Carriage Guide ways

LATHEBED
It is the maximum diameter of the work piece Swing diameter over the bed
that can be turned on a lathe without hitting
the lathe bed

Tool
Head Stock Tail Stock
Post

Carriage Guide ways

LATHEBED
It is the maximum diameter of the work piece
Swing diameter over the carriage
that can be turned on a lathe without hitting
the carriage

Tool
Head Stock Tail Stock
Post

Carriage Guide ways

LATHEBED
 Lathe Features

4. Lead screw
Lead screw transmits power to the carriage
through a gearing and clutch arrangement in
the carriage apron.

The power feed lever is located on the

carriage apron. The power feed lever
activates either the longitudinal power feed
of the carriage or the cross feed of the cross
Lead screw
slide
 Lathe Features

5. Split-nut (Half nut) lever

Half-nut lever is placed on the apron and
engaged for thread cutting.
Thread cutting is the process of cutting screws
and helical shapes.
The power feed lever must be in neutral
position when the half-nut is needed to be
engaged.

Automatic Feed Lever

Engages clutch that provides automatic feed to
carriage
Feed-change lever can be set for longitudinal
feed or for crossfeed
In neutral position, permits split-nut lever to be
engaged for thread cutting
Carriage moved automatically when split-nut
lever engaged
 Lathe Features

6. Tailstock
The function of the tailstock is to support
long work-pieces during machining, and to
hold some tools.
Turning the hand wheel of the tailstock
clockwise advances the spindle (which
holds the cutting tools or center) toward
the workpiece.

E.g. the drill bit and boring bar, during

drilling or boring operations.

(Boring is the process of

enlarging a hole).
 Lathe attachments

Follower rest
Is used to support long cylindrical
workpieces. It is attached to the
carriage when in use, and is moved
as the tool and carriage move.

Follower rest
Steady rest

Is used to support long cylindrical

workpieces. It is attached directly to
the machine bed.
Steady
rest