SMART DUSTBIN FOR SOLID

WASTE MANAGEMENT
A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

Chocha Kishor
Mitesh Chaudhari
Jigar Borad
Miraj Bhimani

In fulfilment of the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
Computer Science and Engineering Department

Under the guidance of

Prof. Suman Shekhar

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Parul University, Vadodara
April, 2021
 PARUL UNIVERSITY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project -II Subject code 03105451 of 8th Semester Entitled
“Smart Dustbin for Solid Waste Management” of Group No. PUCSE_21 has
been successfully completed by
Chocha Kishor(170303105042)
Mitesh Chaudhari(170303105037)
Jigar Borad(170303105030)
Miraj Bhimani(170303105026)
Under my guidance in partial fulfilment of the Bachelor of Technology(B.Tech)
in Computer Science and Technology of Parul University in Academic Year
2020-21.

Project Guide Project Coordinator

Asst. Prof. Suman Shekhar Prof. Khushali Mistry

Head of Department, External Examiner

CSE
Dr. Amit Barve
Faculty of Engineering & Technology B. TECH PROJECT: PU/2020-21/PUCSE_21

Acknowledgement

The satisfaction and joy that comes from the successful completion of any project would not be
complete without the regularity of the people who are guided and encouraged. We are pleased
to present before you, our project, the result of the combined study of research and information.
We extend our sincere thanks to our internal director, Assistant Professor Suman Shekhar, CSE
Department, our project guide, for their constant support, encouragement and guidance. We
appreciate his cooperation and his important suggestions.

Finally, we extend our gratitude to all other members who participated directly or indirectly for
the completion of this project.

Place: Vadodara

Date:

Chocha Kishor 170303105042

Mitesh Chaudhari 170303105037
Jigar Borad 170303105030
Miraj Bhimani 170303105026

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ABSTARCT

With the increase in population we grew in the garbage dump around urban areas. Here we
suggest an intelligent dustbin that works automatically to help solve this problem using IoT and
sensor support sensors. Ordinary dust bins need to be opened by pressing the foot against its liver
and throwing debris. And one needs to follow the trail once it is full so that it can be pulled out
and not overflowed. Here we suggest a clever dustbin that does all this on its own. Our system
contains a sensor to detect a human hand signal and when you strike a foot it opens automatically
without anyone needing to press its oar. The dustbin automatically opens when it receives a signal
and closes its drawing. The dustbin also contains an ultrasonic sensor that automatically measures
the amount of debris in the bin and automatically detects when it is about to fill. The dustbin now
contains clever circuits that transmit this information to the web to show the center's primary
garbage collector to remove a particular garbage can. We use IOT gecko to improve the online
web component of the IOT system. The bin is widely used in offices, homes and even public waste
management centers. So, we get a smart automatic dustbin that allows automatic garbage
cleaning.

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3-1: Block Diagram .............................................................................................................. 19
Figure 3-2:Circuit Diagram ............................................................................................................. 20

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TABLE OF CONTENT
Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................ i
ABSTARCT............................................................................................................................. ii
LIST OF FIGURE .................................................................................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................ iv

1 CHAPTER .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Problem Statement: ......................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Scope:............................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Objective: ......................................................................................................................... 1

2 CHAPTER .................................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Critical Evaluation of Journal Papers................................................................................ 2
2.2 Existing System: ............................................................................................................. 13
2.2.1 Advantages............................................................................................................. 13
2.2.2 Disadvantages ........................................................................................................ 14

3 CHAPTER ................................................................................................................................ 15
3.1 Methodology.................................................................................................................. 15
3.1.1 Component Explanation ........................................................................................ 15
3.2 OPERATION EXPLANATION ............................................................................................ 20
3.2.1 CONNECTIONS: ...................................................................................................... 20
3.2.2 WORKING: .............................................................................................................. 21

4 CHAPTER ................................................................................................................................ 22
4.1 Conclusion: ..................................................................................................................... 22
4.2 Future scope: ................................................................................................................. 22

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 23

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1 CHAPTER
1.1 Introduction
Most of India's cities are not well built to facilitate the disposal and collection of garbage way. And
cities are growing rapidly putting pressure on existing infrastructure that cannot be expanded at
the same pace as urban living. As a government. India has launched a smart city project to use IT-
enabled. The solution is therefore a complete need to keep the city clean. Our proposed system
provides an IT-based solution to garbage collection that provides greater access, proper planning
and disposal enabling data collection of waste disposal Providing a clean and sustainable
environment through the use of learning and understanding in Computer Science. The project will
also serve as a support to SWACHCHA BHARAT ABHIYAAN.

1.2 Problem Statement:

By increasing the population, there are many problems that people face. One of them is the
dumping of solid waste. In contrast private houses, occupants of all apartments use a standard
dustbin, which often fills the whole space quickly. This Garbage dumping is a major problem that
can cause disease. In addition, it is a waste of fuel to travel around a complex or a place to find
that some rubbish is full and some are not filled.

1.3 Scope:
For now, the project is made for demo concern only, it can be taken to product level by making it
compact and cost effective and two bins can be placed to collect wet and dry waste separately.

1.4 Objective:
To design and build a prototype for an automatic open dustbin that can automatically open the
lid when it detects the people who want to throw out their trash. It also can detect the level of
the trash that inside the dustbin.

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2 CHAPTER

Literature review

2.1 Critical Evaluation of Journal Papers

Paper 1: Smart Dustbins - Automatic Segregation & Efficient Solid Waste Management using IoT
Solutions for Smart Cities

Author Viral Rambhia, Aman Valera and Rahul Punjabi propose to build a brilliant dustbin
automatically separates wet and dry waste when dumped in the trash. In this proposed system,
there will be more trash cans are located throughout the city or campus; these garbage bins will
be set up at a lower cost included

device, which helps to track garbage level especially in the bin and location tracking module to
find real-time location of the bin. All real-time details, including the level of the trash and the
location of the bin, will be sent always concerned with the authority and the driver of the garbage
truck. The truck driver will have android application, which will show real-time details about all
drums to the driver how full the drum is. The system also suggests how to automatically separate
wet and dry waste based on moisture content use ultrasonic sensors in this.

Paper 2: Smart Dustbin for Waste Management System

Authors D.Naveenreddy, I.V. Sudarsan Reddy, M.Pavan Kumar Reddy 1, E. Hemanth Kumar Reddy
and Shanky Saxena in this paper suggests arranging dust bins at each location and collecting them
on time without delay. Therefore, install an alarm, led sensor and standard detector to check if
the barrel is full or not. They have them too has tried to install gas sensors so that authorities
know if there are any unusual dangerous gases so they can Quickly delete the trash. Plan to use a
smart smartbin with a solar-powered panel to save energy as energy saving is also required.

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Paper 3: Intelligent Dustbin to Detect and Identify Materials

The aim of the author Dr. S Ravichandran for this study is to develop an intelligent dustbin that
can detect, point and separate waste materials and essentials. Recent developments in the IoT
space have provide waste management solutions. This paper discusses proper waste
management as well to provide solutions to environmental problems related to refuse removal.
This paper discusses more about smart a system that is able to reduce litter in and around the
application area by collecting garbage from time to time. The clever dustbin has put pictures in
front of it within its memory of a few things like notes and coins of various countries are
important. When images of such texts are uploaded to an intelligent smartbin, these texts are
considered unique and real avoid intruding on a clever dustbin. When such items are found, the
wise dustbin informs the user uses the existing GSM module in the smart dustbin with an
additional alarm raised in relation to the same.

Paper 4: SMART DUSTBIN FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH from Vellore Institute of Engineering and
Technology In 2016-17

Authors U. NAGARAJU RITU MISHRA Chaitanya Kumar Rajkumar conducted a comprehensive

analysis of the material dust drums and the number of people working. The study begins by
analyzing the distribution of dust bins in parts of Dhaka the city uses the neighboring GIS central
operations. Surprisingly, the local distribution of current dust drums It seems to control the
integrated pattern. Next, a fair number of additional dust bins were calculated. Icon it has been
shown that the number of existing dust bins is insufficient in the study area. The amount of
pollution created by Existing dust bins were calculated using GIS location analysis activities. All
the dust bins were found to have burned waste and cause environmental pollution. The results
obtained in that way will help to understand the present waste management situation Research
Article Volume 6 Issue No. 6 International Journal of Engineering Science and Computer, June
2016 7114 http://ijesc.org/ Dhaka City and setting the required number dust bins to prevent
further pollution. The authors equipped the smart drums with ultrasonic sensors that measure
the level of dustbin being filled. The container is divided into three categories of waste collected
in it. Every time the garbage overflows sensors receive completed level data. This data is also sent
to the Trash Analyst as a quick message using GSM module. Placing three ultrasonic sensors at
three different levels in a container can be as problematic as the cost of dustbin increases due to

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nerves and even nerves can be damaged due to the negative action taken by users. Proposed
waste-based IoT system (SGS) proposed to reduce the amount of food waste Writers In SGS, Smart
battery-based garbage cans (SGBs) for exchanging information with each other using wireless
networks, and as the router and server collects and analyzes the provision of services. In addition,
SGS includes various IoTs capabilities that process user-friendly functionality and extend battery
life by two types of energy-saving functions SGBs: independent operation and partnership-based
operations. The proposed SGS was operating as a pilot project in Gangnam district, Seoul,
Republic of Korea, for one year. Tests have shown that it is normal the amount of food waste can
be reduced by 33%. The authors set up a draft where the Camera will be placed at each garbage
collection point next to the loading cell sensor at the bottom of the trash can. The camera will
take continuous snapshots of the trash. Limit level set comparing camera output with sensor load.
Comparisons are made with the help of a microcontroller. Back image analysis view of the level
of waste in the can and in the heart of the load cell, the weight of the waste can be known.
Accordingly, details are processed that check the controller whether the limit is exceeded or not.
This easy to use but economically unreliable.

Paper 5: Smart Dustbin using PIR sensor, IR sensor and APR module by IRJET

Swati Sharma * 1 & Sarabjit Singh (May, 2018) proposed smart dustbin management system using
IoT as hardware and Ionic frame as our software ensures cleaning of dust bins as soon as the level
of waste reaches a high level. If the dustbin is not cleaned at a certain time, and then the record
is sent to the higher authorities to us the controller can take appropriate action regarding the
work involved. This program demonstrates the use of PIR sensor, IR sensor and APR module.
When another movement is detected by a PIR sensor it opens the West dustbin gate using a servo
motor and when the PIR acquires an APR motion module it provides the data enclosed for at least
30 seconds. For our benefit the shoe polish part used an IR sensor and the brush exchange used
a DC motor.

Page 6: Arduino-based Smart Dustbin and ultrasonic sensor

Fady E. F. Samann (28 June 2018.) The proposed system is based on the Arduino Nano board and
ultrasonic monitoring sensor full level of container and provide SMS alerts using GSM module.

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The system is powered by a lithium battery the power of the bank is supported by a solar cell
panel. The program offers the option to charge external mobile devices using power bank. In
addition, the system will store usage events, PIR sensor recordings, and events to fill in memory
card, which is used to play the audio message using the speaker, where the drum is used. Finally,
the program is successfully installed at a generally acceptable cost in the intended application.
Program performance was satisfactory results were obtained according to the test results
obtained.

Paper 7: Maintain overall cost and power consumption

The report was made by students at California Polytechnic State University [8], who exploited the
economy once and for all the power of features to turn an outdoor garbage can into a clever one.
According to the literature, the project is based on the blocks C027-U20 microcontroller board,
which has a built-in GPS module and a mobile module. The board is used to control the ultrasonic
HC-SR04 sensor, which measures barrel fullness level, and temperature sensor weather
monitoring and fire warnings. The set consists of a 2 × 4 × 6 plastic box and is powered by 12V
rechargeable lead-acid battery. The report states that the program creates an HTTP POST
application using data from sensors and send them to a web application, built using the Python
and Flask framework over SQLite details. The web application detects the HTTP request and
checks if the bin is full and sends an SMS message using Twilio

app. In addition, the Leaflet JavaScript library is used to make visual data collected on a map. In
summary, most of the above papers did not focus on combining the overall costs and energy
consumption of the system, which are priorities issues facing this paper.

Paper 8: Trash Basket Sensor Notification Using Arduino with Android Application

Intelligent bin based based management system for waste management presented by Adel
ALFoudery, Abdulrahman Abdullah Alkandari, Nayfah Mohsen Almutairi. It is an Io-based program
integrated with (RFID), Sensors, Arduino, and GSM. The system keeps track of the status of the
bin to manage drum cleaning techniques. A generally clever warning structure web server, which
was used using the Arduino UNO with an ultrasonic sensor. The system receives waste Level the
dustbin and send a warning if possible, to be completed on a standard web server. The system

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gets the level of trash can and send an SMS alert when full. Kalpana and Jayachitra have proposed
the use of a smartphone in design smart waste management system. Their design has put users
in charge of notifying the relevant authorities about the level of garbage by sending information
to the system server, and concerned authorities will take the file of appropriate action. Suganya
and al. they represent the same concept. However, the system uses a UV Sensor integrated with
WIFI system. However, the implementation of a smart garbage system using a smartphone app is
the main goal of this paper

Page 9: Automated Garbage Monitoring System Using Arduino

Author Fetulhak Abdurahman, Sileshi Aweke and Chera Assefa have developed an automatic
debris monitoring In this system the trash can set up a public place and the Camera will be set
aside for the trash. Camera taken trash can photo. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), GPS and
GIS send a picture of a work station. RFID Student and cameras mounted on the truck, when the
truck approaches the RFID bin reader who has been transferred the RFID marker. & send all the
details. The system uses Hut control. This is Hut SMS Technology Control Hut. GPS and GPRS map
server in the analysis of various local data. The control channel compiled all the details and stored
them in the system details. Check the condition of the bin and the garbage truck. get to a place it
is important to understand the community concerns about increased resource utilization and
waste production and as a result policymaker promote recycling and recycling strategies to reduce
demand and reduce consumption Waste to landfill site. It is suggested in this paper that the
introduction of an integrated system integrated with Integrated Radio Frequency Identification
System, Global Position System, General Packet Radio Service, Geographic Information System
and webcam will solve the problem of solid garbage They also analyze the actual performance of
system. There are many techniques used and designed to effectively manage garbage. Sensors
are placed in commuter bins, placed in public places. In that ARM7 controller used when the waste
reaches the sensor level, then the indicator will be given to the microcontroller. With ARM7 the
controller will provide details to the driver of the garbage truck as to which garbage can is
completely filled. ARM7 will provide GSM technical assistance via SMS.

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Paper 10: IOT-Based Garbage Monitoring Using Arduino

Students of the RCC Institute of Information & Technology have established Iot-based waste
monitoring using Arduino. The program consists of Arduino UNO, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor, GSM
module, DHT11 sensor. Arduino is an open source platform used to build electronic projects.
Arduino consists of a flexible body circuit board (often called a microcontroller) and a piece of
software, or an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) running on your computer, used to
write and upload computer code to the physical board. Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) will detect
the high (level) of waste in a smart dustbin. While GSM is a Global Telecommunications System
used to send SMS to inform that the dustbin is full. DHT11 is a Humidity and Temperature Sensor
used to measure humidity.

Paper 11: IOT Based Smart Garbage Alert System Using Arduino Uno

Publishers Dr. N. Sathish Kumar, B.Vayayalakshmi, R. Jenifer Prarthana and A .Shankar have
developed an intelligent waste warning system using arduino uno. The essence of this work is to
develop a strategic management plan for the proper management of the Municipal Solid Leftover
(MSL). This paper captures the great potential of RFID technology and introduces the
development of an electronic monitoring system (e-Monitoring) to overcome the problem in a
standard way. The proposed e-monitoring system is an embedded system that contains RFID
technology integrated with Arduino micro-controller and a fully computerized web base. Through
the proposed system, a municipal official can monitor the waste collection situation accordingly.
The system is designed to prevent dustbin infestation by sending alerts with the help of a
microcontroller connected to a web server using IoT. It also provides a confirmation process after
cleaning the dustbin.

Paper 12: IOT Based Smart Dustbin

Telugu Maddileti and Harish Kurakula has developed simple Iot based smart dustbin. It is
integrated with some hardware components such as Arduino, NodeMCU, Servo Motor, Ultrasonic
sensors. These components help in opening the lid, on detection of human hand and waste and
also sending the notification in the form of LED. The proposed method for this smart dustbin is

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use of Wi-Fi module which is more beneficial than using GSM module. NodeMCU is an open
source IoT platform. This is used for making the things work using Wi-Fi. This IOT based Dustbins
help the people to manage the waste easily and help them reduce the work of calling or waiting
for the specific person to make the area clean and makes a healthier environment to live.

Paper 13: Smart Dustbin Using RFID Reader

Drs. PG Kuppusamy, K. Prathyusha, P. Prasad, V. Rasagna, N. Sasi Eswar Reddy, N. Purushotham

Published in "The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis" methods
for monitoring waste with the help of Raspberry pi, Sensor Ultrasonic, RFID (Radio Frequency
identification) reader and tags. Almost everywhere it is recognized that people try to dump
garbage on the streets because there is no strong warning of such crimes, leading to unsanitary
conditions and the stench surrounding the area leading to the spread of certain deadly diseases
and illnesses. Keeping this in mind They have created an automatic spy dustbin for waste
monitoring and provided comprehensive information to authorities where they can easily solve
the problem of waste management in a well-organized manner. In this program they used an RFID
reader to collect dust for unique identification and update it on the server. It then reveals the
highest position of that person. RFID Reader has read the details of the RFID tag. After that it took
the calculation of the person who dumped the garbage and was updated to the PHP server. Soon
this PHP server sent a gift code to that person, who had a very high level. The ultrasonic sensor
continuously monitors the dustbin level. Here they used the status of three green, orange and red
LEDS. The green LED showed that the dust was less than 50% of the barrel and the orange LED
indicates that the dust is in the middle of the barrel. When the dustbin is full it displays a warning
message by flashing a Red LED

The barriers to the above program were as follows:

• Sends message only when the bin is full.

• No monitoring is presented.

• It takes time and does not work properly

• depends on the scale only

• high costs

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• Bad breath is widespread and can cause illness in people

Paper 14: THE PROSPECT OF USING SMART DUSTBIN FOR REDUCING GARBAGE PICK UP TIME

(A SIMULATION IN PADANG CITY)

This was a paper presented by M.Y. Baihaqi, W. Wijaya, M. A. R. Widyoko and T. Wikaningrum. It
was noted that the cost of refuse collection services is relatively low, with the government
needing to do better, especially in order to be more efficient. In this study, the area used as a
sample was Padang City. In Padang City, the time it took to pick up trash from the trucks began
their journey from the shelter, to each pick-up point and dispose of it at a landfill takes about 6.97
hours. In this study, time simulations have been described by inserting a standard garbage can
into a smart dustbin. A smart dustbin is equipped with a sensor to calculate the amount of debris
inside it and other types of sensors that are also equipped to accept its function. In addition, the
Smart Dustbin is also equipped with a GSM module to send information showing that the trash
can is full. The second waste data collection in Padang City, used in this study was taken from a
previous study by Koamal et al. (2012). The data they used was: route, distance, and shooting
time at all stops. Part of the garbage collection data is defined Based on the data; the study was
simulated if the garbage was taken during the download time as it was and compared to when
using the smart trash bin. The simulation was to specify an opportunity to reduce the time taken
due to the use of a smart bin that can be used in real time. The device provided details of the
smart bin number that had already been completed, so once the trash can is not full, the garbage
collector will not have to stop and carry out the download process. On the other hand, having a
shorter time or a slower download time can lead to better fuel efficiency of the truck. Otherwise,
when the smart bin is full it will send message recording and whenever they do not receive any
messages from smart drum, you don't need to stop checking the smart drum, if it's not completely
filled load current, which is considered an inactive action. In other words, take time may be
shorter, fuel consumption and labor costs may be more efficient scheduled editing.

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Paper 15: Smart Dustbin Monitoring System using LAN Server and Arduino

Launched at Sriguru Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India by Kannapiran Selvaraj and Dr

Arvind Chakrapani. The proposed dustbin monitoring system uses an ultra-sonic sensor and an
Arduino control to monitor dustbin levels and send data to a local network server. This setting
requires local network connectivity to monitor the level of debris in dust bins continuously. The
whole set is used to keep cities smart and clean and reduces pollution and disease. The article
suggests that the smart and easy-to-use Smart Dustbin Monitoring system uses LAN Server and
Arduino. The main advantage of this method is that the level of waste in the dustbin is medium
and monitored using a LAN Server. Save time finding each dustbin in a remote location. This
concept prevents the flow of dust and prevents diseases generated by the waste dumped around
the bin. The proposed system is robust, reliable and requires minimal maintenance. The ideas
presented in this article can be applied to hospitals, homes, and restaurants.

Paper 16: Smart Bin Implementation for Smart Cities

Presented in the International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 9,
September-2015 by Narayan Sharma, Nirman Singha, Tanmoy Dutta. This paper describes the use
of our "Smart Bin" model in to manage the city's waste collection system. The sensor network has
enabled smart drums connected to the mobile network generates a large amount of data, which
is analyzed and visualized in real time to gain an understanding of the state of waste around the
city. This paper also aims to promote further research on the topic of waste management. The
hardware consists of a PIC16F73 microcontroller, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, SIM900A GSM
module, IC7805 voltage regulator, resistor, capacitor and crystal oscillator. The PIC16F73 is an 8-
bit microcontroller based on CMOS. It has two 8 bit and one 16-bit timer / counter. We used the
1-time calculator to connect ultrasonic HC-SR04 sensor with microcontroller. This microcontroller
is also fitted with a Tx and Rx pin for serial communication. These anchors are connected to the
GSM module using the inbuilt MAX 232IC available in the module. MAX 232IC works to convert
the concept from TTL to RS232 logic, just as the GSM module works to RS232 while the PIC16F73
microcontroller in TTL logic. All smart drums are equipped with ultrasonic sensors that measure
the level of dustbin being filled. The container says divided into three levels of waste collected
from it. With its continuous use the levels are gradually increased over time. Every time the

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garbage falls to the level the sensors receive the completed level data. This data is also sent to
the Trash Analyst as an instant message using the GSM module. All messages obtained from the
end of the scavenger analyzer is stored as data used in the analysis process and to make a
predictive model. Real-time information is used by the app interface for better viewing of the
completed level. The information obtained is stored in a database that keeps all its attributes as
secure as time and date. Monthly data collection is used by the data analysis department to
predict and report. The app interface shows the real-time level of the garbage analyzer and uses
that to guide its garbage collection team to prevent overflow. The downgrade model is designed
to predict the time when all container levels will be completed in the future. This will help the
waste management department to set up a garbage collection route every time the garbage
collectors walk around the city to collect rubbish. This helps to save time, waste and resources for
the waste department and work and is done efficiently.

Paper 17: SMART DUSTBIN USING ARDUINO

This was an Article in the International Journal of Scientific Research · August 2020, introduced by
Kaziranga University students namely Mr Ginal Goswami, Anamila Gowala, Chimoy Salkla, Dibya
Jyoti Bora. The main purpose of the project designs a smart dustbin using Arduino In this
suggestion technology designed a clever dustbin using ARDUINO UNO, as well as ultrasonic
sensor, servo motor, and battery speed phone.

The Dustbin cover will be there when someone comes to him other ranges than waiting for the
user to place the trash then close it.

Hardware used:

• ARDUINO UNO

• ULTRASONIC sensor

• ISERVO MOTOR

• 9V BATTERY

• KNOWLEDGE

• Jumper threads

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After plugging in and installing all the devices and setting up Smart Dustbin, now look at all the
important settings whether they are properly connected or missing. After connecting to set up
now the next step is to move / upload the code to Arduino and power supply circuit. When the
system is turned on, Arduino keeps an eye on any objects that come close to the sensor in a given
distance. When the Ultrasonic sensor detects any for example as a hand or others, here Arduino
calculates its distance and if it is less than something first describes the value rather than the servo
motor so that it can work first with the help of an extended arm cover. The lid will open for a while
rather than automatically close. Benefits of the following program as seen by the students
involved

• Reduction of the required amount of waste by up to 80% resulting in reduced human capacity,
extraction, fuel consumption, traffic congestion.

• Reduction in the number of drums required.

• Maintain Environmental Hygiene

Paper 18: IOT Based Intelligent Bin for Smart Cities

The authors equipped the smart drums with ultrasonic sensors that measure the level of dustbin
being filled. The container is divided into three categories of waste collected in it. Every time the
garbage overflows sensors receive completed level data. This data is also sent to the Trash Analyst
as a quick message using Position of Engineering and Technology 10 GSM module. Placing three
ultrasonic sensors at three different levels in a container can be as problematic as the cost of
dustbin increases due to nerves and even nerves can be damaged due to the negative action taken
by users. IoT system based on smart trash.

Paper 19: A Novel Approach to Garbage Management Using Internet of Things for Smart Cities.

Authors At SGS, smart battery-based garbage cans (SGBs) exchange information using each other
wirelessly mesh network, router and server collect and analyze service delivery details. In
addition, SGS incorporates a variety of IoT capabilities based on user convenience and extends

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battery life by two types of energy-efficient activities of SGBs: independent and collaborative-
based operations. The proposed SGS had used as a pilot project in Gangnam district, Seoul,
Republic of Korea, for a year. Test has shown that the average amount of food waste can be
reduced by 33%.

Paper 20: Waste Management as an IoT-Enabled Service in Smart Cities.

The authors have conducted a limited analysis between existing dust bins and their worshipers.
Lesson first analyzes the geographical distribution of dust bins in other parts of Dhaka using local
GIS neighborhood operations. Surprisingly, the local distribution of current dust drums seems to
control the combined pattern. Next, calculate the correct number of additional dust bins. It is
indicated that the number of existing dust bins is insufficient in a study area. The amount of
pollution caused by existing dust bins was calculated using the site analysis activities of GIS. It is
found that all dust bins are burned with garbage and cause pollution. The results are thus the
findings will help to understand the current state of waste management of the Article 6 Issue No.
6 International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, June 2016 7114 http://ijesc.org/
Dhaka city and here properly place the required amount of dust bins to prevent further pollution
in the environment.

2.2 Existing System:

As we all know the current system of garbage collection is completely manual it becomes very
time consuming and hectic.

2.2.1 Advantages
• Low building cost.

• Low operating cost.

• Can work outdoors and indoors.

• Can run for a long time

• Low maintenance requirements.

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2.2.2 Disadvantages
• Requires pre-knowledge of the bins’ locations.

• Security measures depend on build quality and fixed installation of the bin.

• Don’t send an alert in case of fire.

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3 CHAPTER

Experimental Setup and Methodology

3.1 Methodology
We have used the following sensors and software applications:

• Microcontroller (AT MEGA 328)

• Ultrasonic Transmitter and Receiver

• Wi-Fi Module

• Voltage Regulator

• Bridge Rectifier

• Filter

• LED

• Resistor

• Capacitor

3.1.1 Component Explanation

1). Microcontroller

The Atmel ATmega328P is a 32K 8-bit microcontroller based on AVR architecture. Most orders are
made in a single clock cycle that provides a maximum of about 20 MIPS at 20MHz. The
ATMEGA328-PU comes with a PDIP 28 pin package and is ready for use on our 28 pin Development
Board.

The computer, on the other hand, is designed to perform all the normal functions of a single
machine as you can use a computer to use software to perform calculations or you can use a
computer to store a multimedia file or access the Internet through a browser, while
microcontrollers are designed to perform specific tasks only, e.g. automatically when the room

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temperature drops below a specified limit and then opens it again when the temperature rises
above the specified limit.

There are many famous families of microcontrollers used in various systems according to their
ability and performance to do the job you want, the most common of which are 8051
microcontrollers, AVR and PIC. For this we will also introduce the AVR family of microcontroller

2). Ultrasonic Transmitter and Receiver

Here is an easy-to-use serial ultrasonic module. It will automatically extract the distance
information via the serial port after turning on the power, you do not need to make any characters
and it is calculated, you just need to read the PIN and get the distance information.

Ultrasonic sensor provides a very low and easy way to measure distance. This sensor is ideal for
any number of apps that require you to make measurements between moving or stationary
objects. Naturally, robotic systems are very popular but you will also find that this product is useful
for security systems or instead of infrared if you so desire. You will definitely let us know the LED
status of the work and economic use of one I / O pin.

The ultrasonic sensor measures the distance using sonar; the ultrasonic pulse (well above human
hearing) is transmitted from the unit and the exact distance from that is determined by measuring
the time required for echo recovery. The output from the ultrasonic sensor is a pulse variable
pulse corresponding to the target distance of the target.

Uses

Ultrasonic sensors are used to detect the presence of targets and to measure the target distance
in many automated factories and in processing plants. Output sensors or digital output sensors
are available to detect the presence of objects, and sensors with analog output that vary in
proportion to the sensor to detect the degree of separation are available for sale.

3). Wi-Fi Module

The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self-contained SOC with an integrated TCP / IP stack that can give
any microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network.

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ESP8266 can host an application or download all Wi-Fi network functions from another
application processor. Each ESP8266 module will begin to be configured with the AT command
set firmware. The ESP8266 module is a highly efficient board with a large, and ever-growing
community.

This module has sufficient processing and storage capacity of the board which allows it to be
integrated with sensors and other device-specific devices using its GPIOs with fewer advance
upgrades and fewer loading during operation. Its high level of chip integration allows for small
external rotation, including the front module, designed to occupy a small PCB area. ESP8266
supports APSD for VoIP applications and Bluetooth environments, contains limited RF that allows
it to operate under all operating conditions, and does not require external RF components.

4). Voltage Regulator

The LM78XX/LM78XXA series of three-terminal positive regulators are available in the TO-220/D-
PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a Wide range of
applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe operating
area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can
deliver over 1A output Current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these
devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents.

5). Bridge Rectifier

A rectifier is an electric tool that converts current (AC), which periodically adjusts direction, direct
current (DC), current flowing in one direction only, a process known as correction. Editors have
many uses including as power supplies and as radio signal testers. Repairs can be made of solid-
state diodes, vacuum tube diodes, mercury arc valves, and more. The output from the transformer
is inserted into the conductor. Converts AC to pulsating DC Rectifier can be half wave or full wave
rectifier. In this project, a bridge fixer is used due to its suitability as good stability and full wave
adjustment. In a good half cycle only two diodes (one set of compatible diodes) will work, in the
negative half cycle the two diodes will run and will only run in bias only.

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6). Filter

A powerful filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of rectifier fixes
D.C. output. The output from this filter remains constant until maximum strength and load are
maintained. However, if one of these variants is different, the DC voltage obtained at this point
changes. The controller is therefore used in the output phase.

A simple capacitor filter is a basic type of power supply filter. Use of this filter is very limited.
Sometimes very high power is used, low current cathode-ray power and the same electron tubes
require a small load current from the supply. This filter is also used in circuits where the power
transmission frequency is unstable and can be very high. Below the figure can show how
capacitors charge and discharge.

7). LED

A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lights on
many devices, and are used for lighting. When the light emitting diode is advanced (turned on),
the electrons are able to reconnect the holes inside the metal, releasing energy in the form of
photons.

This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of light (corresponding to the photon
energy) is determined by the semiconductor energy gap. LED is usually small in area (less than 1
mm2), and composite materials can be used to create its radiation pattern. LEDs bring many
benefits in addition to incandescent light sources including low power consumption, long life,
improved durability, small size, rapid switching, and high durability and reliability.

8). Resistor

Resistor is an electronic component with two machines designed to resist electrical power by
generating a decrease in electrical energy between its terminals in proportion to the current, i.e.,
according to Ohm's law.

V = IR

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9). Capacitor

A capacitor or condenser is an electronic device with dielectric-separated conductors. When a

voltage difference exists between conductors, an electric field is present in the dielectric. This
field stores energy and generates mechanical energy between the plates. The effect is much
greater among wide, flat, uniform, slightly separated conductors.

10). Arduino

Arduino is an open source hardware and software platform that is easy to use. Arduino boards
can read input - turn on the sensor, finger button, or Twitter message - and convert it to output -
activate the car, turn on the LED, and publish something online. You can tell your board what to
do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on board. To do so use the programming
language of Arduino (Wiring-based), as well as Arduino Software (IDE), depending on the
Processing.

Figure 3-1: Block Diagram

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3.2 OPERATION EXPLANATION

3.2.1 CONNECTIONS:
The 5v power supply outlet is connected to the 40th Pin of the microcontroller and the GND is
connected to its 20th Pin. Pin 21- 28 of port2 small controller is connected to the D0-D7 LCD data
pins. Pin10 for Port3.0 microcontroller is connected to the ultrasonic module pin no.2. Pin 15, 16,
17 of Port0 microcontroller is connected to RS, RW, EN LCD pins.

Figure 3-2:Circuit Diagram

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3.2.2 WORKING:

The project uses an ultrasonic sensor module consisting of 1 transmitter and 1 receiver. The
transmitter can transmit 40 kHz ultrasonic sound while the main receiver is designed to receive
only 40 kHz sound waves. The ultrasonic receiver sensor stored near the transmitter will be able
to receive 40 kHz indicated, if the module faces any obstacle in advance. Therefore, whenever any
obstacles arrive before the ultrasonic module calculates the time taken to send signals to receive
them from time and distance relative to sound waves passing through the air at 343.2m / sec.
When you receive the MC signal system while performing data display e.g. 16X2 LCD measured in

microcontroller per CMS.

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4 CHAPTER

Conclusion and Scope of Future work

4.1 Conclusion:

Our IOT based model enabled us to detect the level of garbage in the dustbin via ultra-sonic
sensor, Clap Sensor and some smart IOT devices which were able to sense that anybody is coming
near the dustbin then it will automatically open dustbin using the motor. Using Wi-Fi module, it
sends messages to the users that dustbin is full. The above presented system is fully automatic
system and thus reduces the manpower to a large extent.

4.2 Future scope:

There are always chances of improvements, our project is no different in that. There is a scope of
this project in future. The following changes or improvements can be implemented:

• A separate application can be added for showing the shortest route to the filled dustbin.

• Also, there can be an alerting system for sending messages.

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REFERENCES

1. MamtaPandey , AnamikaGowala MrinalJyoti Goswami, ChinmoySaikia And Dr. Dibyajyoti

Bora School of Computing Sciences - Information Technology The Assam Kaziranga
University,Jorhat, Assam, India.

2. Kuppusamy Peramandai Govindasamy Siddharth Institute of Engineering & Technology.

3. Narayan Sharma, Nirman Singha, Tanmoy Dutta,International Journal of Scientific &

Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 9, September-2015.

4. Kannapiran Selvaraj Sri Ranganathar Institute of Engineering and Technology.

5. Fady E. F. Samann Academic Journal of Nawroz University (AJNU).

6. [1] Priyam Parikh, [2] Dr. Rupesh Vasani, [3] Akshar Raval International Journal of
Engineering Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJERECE).

7. S.S. Navghane, M.S. Killedar, Dr.V.M. Rohokale,‖ IoT Based Garbage and Waste Collection
Bin‖, May 2016.

8. Ghose, M.K., Dikshit, A.K., Sharma, S.K. A GIS based transportation model for solid waste
disposal – A case study on Asansol municipality. Journal of Waste Management‖.

9. Guerrero, L.A., Maas, G., Hogland, W.: Solid waste management challenges for cities in
developing countries. Journal of Waste Management. sss

10. Alexey Medvedev, Petr Fedchenkov, ArkadyZaslavsky, Theodoros, Anagnostopoulos

Sergey Khoruzhnikov,‖Waste Management as an IoT-Enabled Service in Smart Cities‖.

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