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Expressing Oneself Through Oral Communication

This document provides guidance on effective oral communication. It begins by explaining the importance of oral communication and different types of speeches according to purpose and delivery method. The next sections discuss principles of effective speech delivery, including articulation, modulation, facial expressions, and stage presence. Ten "commandments" of oral communication are also presented, focusing on believing in the message and audience, knowing why and how to deliver the message, and using delivery techniques so the audience can understand and apply the message.

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Conny Sales
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2K views

Expressing Oneself Through Oral Communication

This document provides guidance on effective oral communication. It begins by explaining the importance of oral communication and different types of speeches according to purpose and delivery method. The next sections discuss principles of effective speech delivery, including articulation, modulation, facial expressions, and stage presence. Ten "commandments" of oral communication are also presented, focusing on believing in the message and audience, knowing why and how to deliver the message, and using delivery techniques so the audience can understand and apply the message.

Uploaded by

Conny Sales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Expressing Oneself

Through Oral
Communication
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
LESSON 5
Prepared by:
Ms. Floramie B. Caman,LPT
At the end of the lesson,
you should be able to:
1) explain the impact of oral communication
on society and the world;

1) facilitate effective oral communication


through speeches; and

1) manifest cultural awareness and gender-


sensitivity in oral communication in various
settings.
Oral Communication in the
21st Century
A "sight between" and a "view
between two or more interlocutors
in oral communication is more than
just a conversation. Oral
communication is the functional
exchange of ideas and thoughts
that aims to be interactive.
This type of communication requires the
mastery of speaking and listening skills. It is
necessary that in the process of oral
communication, a two-way flow of
information and ideas is facilitated. In the 21st
century, the development of oral
communication is anchored on different
technological advancements. Through
technological tools, communication is no
longer limited to real-life encounters since oral
people are now able to communicate
through gadgets, social media, and other
online platforms.
Types of Speeches According
to Purpose
1. Expository or informative
- meant to explain or describe facts, truths,
and principles to educate audiences.
Methods used in informing include definition,
description, comparison and contrast,
narration, and demonstration (e.g., classroom
lectures, biographical speech,
acknowledgment speeches, speeches of
tribute, keynote, commencement and
commemorative addresses).
2. Persuasive
- designed to convince and encourage
listeners to reinforce, change, or adopt
attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, convictions,
or values based on propositions
presented. The most effective
organizational patterns used in persuasive
speeches are problem-solution,
comparative advantages, cause-effect,
reason-giving and motivated sequence
(e.g., political campaigns, public debates,
product launching sorties, privilege
speeches).
3. Entertainment
- delivered to provide fun,
laughter, or invite listeners to join in
any celebration (e.g., wedding
toasts, roast (short speeches of
tribute developed with humorous
jokes, stories, and examples of
honorees), and after-dinner
speeches).
Types of Speeches According to
Delivery
1. Reading from a manuscript
- This is the most formal type of delivery and the most effective
to have the greatest control on how the speech is worded.

Strengths
a. guarantees refined, polished, and stylized language done with
preparation
b. facilitates word-for-word reading for phrases embellished with
stylistic elements
Limitations
a. takes time to prepare
b. delimits the spontaneity and conversational dynamics that
effective speakers want to achieve
c. creates artificiality of getting to the point if not read well
2. Memorized speech
This is the most challenging to get
through. It is best used when
accepting awards, introducing
speakers, or making announcements;
for speakers trained and practiced to
memorize long passages of text; for
presenting the same ideas a number
of times. (e.g., preachers and
teachers).
Strengths
a. allows maximum eye contact with the
audience
b. allows gestures and free movement for
the speaker
Limitations
a. adds to anxiety of forgetting what to say
b. sounds unnatural or lacking in
spontaneity
c. lessens ability to make on-the-spot adlibs
3. Impromptu speech
- This is delivered with little or no
preparation, usually about a topic that
the speaker knows well. It is "thinking
on one's feet" or "speaking off the cuff"
(Beebe and Beebe, 2013) for it is
usually presented with no guide notes
or outline and with only a little time of
advance notice for preparation.
Strengths
a. allows maintained direct eye contact with
the audience
b. sounds genuine for its informality

Limitations
c. may likely leave out important information
if preparation is hasty
d. might lack logical organization due to
minimal preparation
4. Extemporaneous speech
- This is researched and planned
ahead of time but the exact
wording is not scripted. It may
make use of notes or an outline
for guidance on key ideas,
structure, and delivery cues.
Strengths
a. easiest to prepare with notes as prompter
b. does not require lengthy preparation unlike
having a memorized speech, or reading directly
from a manuscript
c. does not need much practice to be effective;
sounds interactive giving the impression that the
shared ideas of the speaker are created as he or she
structures the speech from his or her notes

Limitations
a. takes time for preparation
b. takes skill to deliver it well
Principles of Effective Speech
Delivery
1. Articulation - producing clear and distinct
sounds
As an oral discourse, speech is best
appreciated if thoughts are clearly expressed
in words enunciated and stressed and where
consonant and vowel sounds coupled with
diphthongs are distinct. The sophisticated
speaker stands out among those who falter in
producing voiced and voiceless sounds, the
ps different from the fs, bs from the Vs, and
the like.
2. Modulation - adequate volume of the voice
accompanied by the appropriate pitch level
and good voice quality

When delivering a speech onstage, one's


natural. speaking voice may have to be
modulated. The flexible. voice adapts to the
content and intent of the speech and the
audience addressed to. The appropriate
pitch level, volume, and speed or rate of
speaking all contribute to voice projection
ideal for speech delivery.
3. Facial expressions, gestures, and
appropriateness and proper timing movements

Multimodal as it can be, speech delivery is not


simply standing on stage and facing the
audience. The appropriateness and right timing
of hand gestures, bodily movements, and facial
expressions are significant to 'driving home' or
getting across one's message. These have to be
similarly considered when a speech is backed up
by a PowerPoint presentation or info-graphics.
4. Stage presence - naturalness, composure,
and confidence before the listeners

Appearing and sounding impressive make a


difference in delivering a speech. Any
affectations or rigidity that may be obvious in
a speaker will spoil the delivery itself. Having
the right standing posture with one foot
ahead of the other is basic in maintaining
composure. Guts, in addition to trust in one's
competence to share information, ideas, and
knowledge to the crowd will indeed help.
With calmness is self-assurance that
everything will be well.
5. Rapport with the audience - attentiveness to reactions
or shifts in listening patterns; openness to questions
raised

The audience must be seen not merely as spectators


but as one with the speaker. Hence, to be sensitive to
the needs of the listeners who demonstrate approval
and trust or rejection and mistrust or distrust is
important. The speaker may have to make shifts in the
manner of his or her delivery or be creative enough to
sustain the interest of the audience throughout.
Clarifications and questions have to be entertained.
This way, rapport or connection with the audience
can be established.
6. Silence -room for pauses and silence

Though speech may be verbal, the gift of


silence and time for pauses equally
contribute to the entirety of delivery.
Moments stressing conviction, calling for
reflection, or shifting to another topic
require pauses. The audience, through
momentary and timed silences, can be
conditioned to what the speaker wants to
happen.
Ten Commandments of Oral
Communication
1. Believe in what you say.

2. Believe in the people to whom you speak.

3. Live what you say.

4. Know when you say it.

5. Know why you say it.


Ten Commandments of Oral
Communication
6. Know how to say it.

7. Have fun saying it.

8. Show it as you say it.

9. Say it so people can own it.

10. Say it so people will do it.

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