CHAPTER II

FIRST LEVEL OF ASSESSMENT

Identifying health threats, health deficit, and foreseeable crisis/stress points

A. Health threat conditions conducive to disease and accident may result in

maintaining wellness or realizing health potential.

Fall hazards are considered a health threat because they may cause
accidents or injury to a person.

Fall hazards can be dangerous in any place. This could cause accidental loss of
balance or body support, resulting in a fall. It is essential to foresee falling hazards such as a
stair with no railings, balcony without a barrier, slippery surfaces, and poor building flooring
resulting from falling of a person. Precautionary measures must be executed before they
can cause harm or injuries.
Most incidents of fall-related injuries occur in workplaces, but it is also possible
anywhere, statistically, according to World Health Organization. Falls are the second leading
cause of unintentional injury and deaths worldwide. Each year, an estimated 684,000
individuals die from accidental falls globally. Adults older than 60 pose a greater risk and
suffer the most significant number of fatal falls.
Globally, fall is considered as a significant public health problem, across all age
groups. Older people have the highest risk of injury or death caused by fall-related
accidents. Most people who encounter fall-related accident suffers from moderate and
severe injuries like bruises, fractures, and head trauma. Another high-risk group is children
because they tend to discover things independently and are curious about their
surroundings.
 Presence of breeding or resting sights of vectors of diseases it is considered a health
threat because these vectors can carry some of the severe diseases that can spread quickly
from one person to another.

According to the World Health Organization,

Mosquitos are considered the deadliest animal globally and responsible for the deaths of
more than 1 million people every year. The majority of these deaths are because of malaria.
Center for disease control and prevention calls the Aedes aegypti mosquitos sole
responsible and carry some serious illnesses. The most common and severe disease brought
by mosquitos is the Dengue virus. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that commonly
occurs in tropical areas, including the Philippines, and they are primarily found in urban
areas. A virus causes it in the family of Flaviviridae. However, the dengue virus can only be
transmitted by female mosquitos, mainly Aedes Aegypti species
Another vector of diseases present is flies or commonly known as Houseflies. Musca
domestica species lives in close contact with people all over the world. These flies feed on
human foodstuffs and wastes like human garbage and feces, where they can easily pick up and
transport various diseases. Transmission takes place when houseflies make contact with people or
the food they eat. Some of the diseases brought by houseflies are diarrhea, cholera, and eye and
skin infections

The last vector of diseases present is rodents or mice. The most common disease carried by
mice is Leptospirosis. According to the World health organization, Leptospirosis is an infectious
disease caused by bacteria called leptospires transmitted directly or indirectly from animal carriers
to humans. It is a potentially serious but treatable disease. Leptospirosis occurs worldwide, but it is
common in tropical areas with a high rainfall rate, including the Philippines. The disease can be
found when humans come into contact with the urine of the infected animal.
 Lack of inadequate exercise/physical activity. It is classified as a health threat because the
studies have shown that it poses a risk for physical, chronic, and cardiovascular diseases.

According to the Center for disease control and prevention, not getting enough
physical activity can lead to heart disease even for people who have no other risk factors.
Physical activity contributes to average growth and development. It also reduces the risk of
several chronic diseases and improves the body's function throughout the day. CDC defines
physical inactivity as "physical activity levels are less than those required for optimal health
and prevention of premature death."
Recent studies show that physical inactivity is a primary cause of some chronic
diseases—especially this pandemic, we are most of the time doing sedentary activities.
Because of the lockdown, classes and work-related activities shift from traditional face-to-
face learning into online learning. We spend all day sitting and facing the computer for an
extended period. Current statistics show that one in four adults and 81% of adolescents do
not have enough physical activity.
World health organization shows that frequent exercise and physical activity help
prevent and boost your immune system to fight off non-communicable diseases such as
heart diseases, diabetes, and several cancers. It has also been proven to strengthen our
bodies and improve our mental health, well-being, and quality of life.
 SCALE FOR RANKING
A. Criteria
CRITERIA SCORE WEIGHT
1. Nature of the Problem

Health deficit 3

Health threat 2 1

Foreseeable crisis situation 1

2. Modifiability

Easily 2
2
Moderately 1

Not modifiable 0
3. Preventive/Potential

High 3
1
Moderate 2

Low 1
4. Salience

Problem needing urgent attention 2

Problem not needing urgent 1 1

attention

Not perceive as a problem 0

A. Fall Hazards
CRITERIA SCORE JUSTIFICATION
1. Nature of the Problem
2 x 1 = 0.66 It is considered as a health threat that
Health deficit 3 requires action because it can cause
accident or injuries especially for this
Health threat family who has history of falls from
the wooden stairs with poor lighting
Foreseeable crisis situation and a family member who is 80 years
old

2. Modifiability
1 x 2 = 1.00 It is moderately modifiable because
Easily 2 we informed about the importance of
proper maintenance especially the
Moderately wooden stairs to prevent someone
from falling again. The family is able to
Not modifiable recognize the dangers of having a
poor woodwork of their stairs.
3. Preventive/Potential
3 x 1 = 1.00 It is highly preventive because upon
High 3 the observation after health teaching,
the family was able to realize the
Moderate danger of poor wooden stairs. They
also install good lighting system in the
Low hallway.
4. Salience 2 x 1 = 1.00
2 The family complies with the
Problem needing urgent preventive measures because they
attention believe that this problem needs an
urgent attention.
Problem not needing
urgent attention

Not perceive as a problem

TOTAL: 3.66
B. Presence of breeding or resting sights of vectors of diseases
CRITERIA SCORE JUSTIFICATION
1. Nature of the Problem
2 x 1 = 0.66 It is considered as a health threat that
Health deficit 3 requires an action because it can
cause severe illnesses and carry
Health threat diseases that can affect the whole
family and community
Foreseeable crisis situation

2. Modifiability
2 x 2 = 2.00 It is easily modifiable because the
Easily 2 family was educated about the health
hazards and diseases carried by
Moderately mosquitos, flies and mice. The family
was able to locate the breeding nests
Not modifiable and resting sights of vectors of
diseases.
3. Preventive/Potential
3 x 1 = 1.00 it is highly preventive because upon
High 1 assessment, the family was able to
locate the breeding sites of these
Moderate vectors and take necessary plans to
eradicate them. Lowering their risks to
Low get a vector borne diseases.

4. Salience
2 x 1 = 1.00 The family knows that this problem
Problem needing urgent 2 requires an urgent attention because
attention they are alarmed about the risks and
fatal diseases carried by vector borne
Problem not needing animals. The family also take
urgent attention preventive measures to prevent this
from happening again.
Not perceive as a problem

TOTAL: 4.66
CRITERIA SCORE JUSTIFICATION
1. Nature of the Problem
2 x 1 = 0.66 It is considered as a health threat that
Health deficit 3 requires immediate action because
sedentary lifestyle can cause severe
Health threat illnesses and chronic diseases which
might affect a family member or the
Foreseeable crisis situation whole family.

2. Modifiability
2 x 2 = 2.00 The problem is easily modifiable
Easily 2 because all of the resources are
available for leisure, physical activity,
Moderately and exercise. They just need to have a
free time in order to perform these
Not modifiable activities.

3. Preventive/Potential
2 x 1 = 0.66 It is moderately preventive because
High 3 the family was fully informed about
the health risks and threats about lack
Moderate of exercise and physical activity, yet
the family claimed that they will find
Low time in order to perform these
activities.
4. Salience
0x1=0 The family sees this not perceive as a
Problem needing urgent 2 problem. They are aware about the
attention risk of having inadequate exercise.
They will perform the exercise if they
Problem not needing have time, but the family insisted that
urgent attention they are eating healthy and nutritious
foods as a substitute to help them
Not perceive as a problem support and strengthen their body.

TOTAL: 3.32
C. Lack of inadequate exercise/physical activity
RANKING AND SCORING OF EACH HEALTH PROBLEM

List of Health Problems Ranked according to Priorities

HEALTH PROBLEMS SCORE
1. Presence of breeding or 4.66
resting sights of vectors of
diseases

2. Fall Hazards 3.66

3. Lack of inadequate 3.32

exercise/physical activity