CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
CSC241
Object Oriented Programming
Lab # 03
Name Abdul Mobeen
Registration Number FA19-BEE-028
Class BEE-3A
Instructor's Name Dr Sajid Ali
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
Lab 03
Class Scope and Accessing Class Members
1. Objectives
The objective of this lab is to teach the students, the scope of class data members and its member
functions.
2. Outcome
At the end of this lab student will be familiar with the accessing rules of class data members and
member functions
3. Introduction
In object-oriented programming, methods and variables have various scope. Scope means that
the method or variable may or may not be directly accessible to other objects or classes. Classes
that do not have instances may be accessible to the system.
One of the techniques in object-oriented programming is encapsulation. It concerns the hiding of
data in a class and making them available only through its methods. In this way the chance of
making accidental mistakes in changing values is minimized. C++ allows you to control access
to classes, methods, and fields via so-called access modifiers. The access to classes, constructors,
methods and fields are regulated using access modifiers
i.e. a class can control what information or data can be accessible by other classes. To take
advantage of encapsulation, you should minimize access whenever possible.
3.1. Class Scope
Class variables and class methods are associated with a class. An instance of the class (object) is
not required to use these variables or methods. Class methods cannot access instance variables or
methods, only class variables and methods.
3.2. Instance Scope
Instance variables and instance methods are associated with a specific object. They can access
class variables and methods.
3.3. Private Scope
Private variables and private methods are only accessible to the object they are contained in.
3.4. Protected Scope
Protected variables and protected methods are accessible by the class they are in and inheriting
classes (sub classes) only.
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
3.5. Public Scope
Public variables and public methods are accessible outside the object they are contained in. They
are accessible to any other object.
3.6. Encapsulation
The process of providing a public interface to interact with the object while hiding other
information inside the object is called encapsulation.
4. Examples
The following program illustrates the usage of objects and classes in C++:
// The program uses public member functions to input two private numbers, add two private
numbers and display the result
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class add //Specifies the class
{
private:
int iNum1, iNum2, iNum3; //Member data
public:
void input(int iVar1, int iVar2) //Member function
{
cout<<"Functions to assign values to the member data"<<endl;
iNum1 = iVar1;
iNum2 = iVar2;
}
void sum (void) //Member function
{
cout<<"Functions to find the sum of two numbers"<<endl;
iNum3 = iNum1+iNum2;
}
void disp(void) //Member function
{
cout<<"The sum of the two numbers is "<<iNum3<<endl;
}
};
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
/////////main function of the program///////////
int main()
{
add A1;
int iX, iY;
cout<<"Input two numbers"<<endl;
cin>>iX;
cin>>iY;
A1.input(iX, iY);
A1.sum();
A1.disp();
system("pause");
return 0 ;
}
Output:
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
InLab Tasks
5.1. Code the example given above and check the errors if you try to access the private data
members in main() function.
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class add
private:
int inum1,inum2,inum3;
void input(int var1,int var2)
cout<<"function to assign values"<<endl;
inum1=var1;
inum2=var2;
} void sum(void)
cout<<"function to find sum of two numbers"<<endl;
inum3=inum1+inum2;
void disp(void)
cout<<"the sum of two numvers is"<<endl;
cout<<inum3;
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
};
int main()
add A1;
int iX,iY;
cout<<"input two numbers\n";
cin>>iX;
cin>>iY;
A1.input(iX,iY);
A1.disp();
return 0;
ERROR CHECK:
5.2. Modify the above task by making the scope of public member functions as private. Create
access functions in public scope to access private member functions from main().
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
class add
private:
int inum1,inum2,inum3;
void input(int var1,int var2)
cout<<"function to assign values"<<endl;
inum1=var1;
inum2=var2;
void sum(void)
cout<<"function to find sum of two numbers"<<endl;
inum3=inum1+inum2;
void disp(void)
cout<<"the sum of two numvers is"<<endl;
cout<<inum3;
public:
void in(int x,int y)
input(x,y);
void show()
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
sum();
disp();
};
int main()
add A1;
int iX,iY;
cout<<"input two numbers\n";
cin>>iX;
cin>>iY;
A1.in(iX,iY);
A1.show();
return 0;
Output:
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
5.3. Code the example given above and include a private constructor in the class. Create objects
of this class. Test the code and write down how the constructor will be called or unable to be
called?.
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class add
{
private:
int iNum1, iNum2, iNum3;
add(int a=0, int b=0)
{
iNum1=a;
iNum2=b;
}
public: void input(int iVar1, int iVar2)
{
cout<<"Functions to assign values to the member data"<<endl;
iNum1=iVar1; iNum2=iVar2;
}
void sum(void)
{
cout<<"Functions to find the sum of two numbers"<<endl;
iNum3=iNum1+iNum2;
}
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
void disp(void)
{
cout<<"The sum of the two numbers is "<<iNum3<<endl;
} };
int main()
{
add A1;
int iX, iY;
cout<<"Input two numbers"<<endl;
cin>>iX;
cin>>iY;
A1.input(iX, iY);
A1.sum();
A1.disp();
return 0;
}
ERROR CHECK:
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
Post Lab Tasks
6.1. Create a class of subtraction having two private data members. Create class methods to get
data from users and for subtraction of data members. Use appropriate access modifiers for class
methods.
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class subtraction
private:
int inum1,inum2,inum3;
void input(int var1,int var2)
inum1=var1;
inum2=var2;
void sum(void)
inum3=inum1-inum2;
void disp(void)
cout<<"the subtraction of two numvers is"<<endl;
cout<<inum3;
public:
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
void in(int x,int y)
input(x,y);
void show()
sum();
disp();
}};
int main()
subtraction s1;
int iX,iY;
cout<<"input two numbers\n";
cin>>iX;
cin>>iY;
s1.in(iX,iY);
s1.show();
return 0; }
Output:
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
7. References
[i] http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_class_access_modifiers.htm
[ii] http://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/83-public-vs-private-access-specifiers/
Critical Analysis / Conclusion
In this lab we learnt about the scope of class data members and its member
functions. And now we are well familiar with the accessing rules of class data
members and member functions.
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CSC241 Object Oriented Programming Fall 2020
Lab Assessment
Pre-Lab /1
In-Lab /5
/4 /10
Data Analysis
Data
Post-Lab /4 /4
Presentation
Writing Style /4
Instructor Signature and Comments
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