INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER WITH

WORD PROCESSING AND

KEYBOARDING
(Semi-Final Notes)
Lessons:
 Intro to Keyboarding
 Types of Keyboard
 Parts of Keyboard
 Parts of Keyboard and each
functions
 Keyboard shortcuts
 Keyboarding Techniques
a. Finger assignments
b. Proper Home Case
 What is Keyboard?
A keyboard is one of the primary input devices that allows users to input text into a computer or any other
electronic machinery. It is a peripheral device that is the most basic way for the user to communicate with a
computer. It consists of multiple buttons, which create numbers, symbols, and letters, and special keys like the
Windows and Alt key, including performing other functions. The design of the keyboard comes from the
typewriter keyboards, and numbers and letters are arranged on the keyboard in that way, which helps to type
quickly.

The above keyboard design is called QWERTY design because of its first six letters across in the upper-left-
hand corner of the keyboard. Although the keyboard design is derived from the typewrites, nowadays, it also
includes many other keys as well as Alt/Option, Control, and Windows key can be used as shortcuts to perform
the particular operation by combination with other keys. For example, if you press Control + S while working on
a document in Microsoft Word
, it will save the document you are working on. Furthermore, most of the keyboards have function keys (F1 to
F12 or F16) at the top of the keyboard and arranged arrow keys in the downside used to perform numerous
functions.
 Types of keyboards
Most computer users use the standard keyboard, which connects to the computer. Although there are
many types of a computer keyboard, such are as follows:

1. Flexible keyboard
It is a type of keyboard that is made of soft silicone with highly portable. It is water and dust-resistant and does
not require constant cleaning. It acts the same as a standard keyboard and connects to the computer via a USB
connection serial port. These types of keyboards can also be more durable in terms of some ways, as
compared to a traditional keyboard.

The flexible keyboard is made of soft silicone that saves it from a number of different substances. For instance,
if you use the keyboard near the liquid spaces, the silicone skin provides excellent protection against spills.
Furthermore, it does not make a sound when being used; that's why it is also called a silent keyboard. These
keyboards are useful for traveling time because they can be rolled up into a bag and flexible in outdoorsy
situations.
 2. Ergonomic Keyboard
This type of keyboard is beneficial for your body posture. Instead of adjusting
yourself to fit the keyboard, it is designed to fit you easily, ease of use, and
reduce strain. It is designed in that way; instead of bending their hands, it
allows users to straight their hands. Generally, the space-bar is bigger as
compared to a regular keyboard, which allows for fast typing.

3. Wireless Keyboard

It is a computer keyboard that is connected to computers, laptops, or tablets without any cables. It uses radio
frequency (RF), infrared (IR), or Bluetooth technology to connect with devices. Users can move the wireless
keyboard around without having to put it on a desk as it provides portability and flexibility to the users. It is
designed by stainless steel material that increases its life for a long time. It can set up very easily by plugging
the USB receiver into the computer.

It utilizes light waves to transmit signals to other infrared-enabled devices as it is based on infrared technology.
Some wireless keyboards use radio frequency technology, which communicates via signals with a range from
27 MHz to up to 2.4 GHz.
 4. Mechanical Keyboard
It is made with high quality that commonly used in both home and office.
It is designed for long life with high durability and responsiveness. It
provides crisp click sound, medium resistance, and better feedback for
gaming performance and ultimate typing. It offers framing, switches,
type print methods, functionality, PCB board, key construction, LED
lighting, or more other better features as compared to traditional rubber
dome keyboards.
5. Virtual Keyboard
It is a software-based keyboard that enables users to type without the need for physical keys. It is an
alternative for a physical keyboard or a digital representation of a QWERTY keyboard. These types of
keyboards commonly have many pages of characters, including numbers, letters, punctuation, and symbols.
Some virtual keyboards also include options to insert emojis, stickers, or animated GIFs on the basis of the
device's operating system. The devices that contained virtual keyboard are tablets, smartphones, and other
portable devices, because these devices do not require the constant use of a physical keyboard.

Examples of virtual keyboards

Gboard: Google created a virtual keyboard for Android and iOS that
includes features like GIFs, customizable themes, and translation
capabilities.
OSK: It stands for an on-screen keyboard. It is commonly found in
Microsoft Windows.
 6. Projection Keyboard
It is a form of computer input device that can be connected via Bluetooth to the
mini PC, tablet computer, or even smartphone. In projection keyboard, the
image of a virtual keyboard is projected onto a surface. The device records the
corresponding keystroke when a user touches any key from the shown
keyboard on the surface. Some devices are connected via Bluetooth devices
such as tablets, smartphones, mini-PC with Android, Windows operating
system or iOS, etc.

7. Gaming Keyboard
A keyboard that contains a few specific keys used for gamers is known as a
gaming keyboard. The W, S, D, A, and arrow keys are widely used for games on
the standard QWERTY keyboard. Gaming keyboards (mostly mechanical
keyboard), the key switches needless depression that provides faster action for
games.
 Invention of the first keyboard?
There were different types of invention, as well as the typewriter, keypunches, and teleprinters that helped to
develop the computer keyboard. In the 1700s, the first writing devices were designed, and Henry Mills filed
patented in London, England, in 1714.
Invention of the typewriter
The different typing and writing devices were created around the world in the late 1700s and the beginning of the
1800s. Although, in 1868, Christopher Sholes developed and patented the first practical typewriter and the word
Type-Writer that is considered to be the first typewriter.
Additionally, the QWERTY keyboard design was introduced by the Type-Writer, which is still mainly used on US
keyboards today. Samuel W. Soule, Christopher Sholes, and Carlos Glidden created a Type-Writer that picture
shown in the below:
In 1878, the first keyboard with a Shift key was invented Before introducing the IBM
that had one Shift key on the left side of the keyboard.
Selectric typewriter by IBM on 27
The Underwood typewriter is considered the first
July 1961, typewriters from all
successful modern typewriter, till 1939, five million of its
manufacturers began to become
typewriters were sold. The first Underwood typewriter
more alike. Unlike other
was invented by Franz Xaver Wagner, and on 27 April
typewriters, the IBM Selectric
1893, he filed to patent the typewriter U.S. patent 523,
typewriter used a typeball, which
698. The biggest improvement of Underwood typewriter,
containing characters that would
it was capable of seeing the writing it was typed. Later in
strike an ink ribbon. Furthermore,
1895, Franz Xaver Wagner created the Underwood
this typewriter was sold more than
company with the help of John Underwood and
13 million until 1986.
introduced its first typewriter in 1896.
 The invention of keypunch, the telegraph, and teleprinter
Joseph Marie Jacquard developed the Jacquard Loom in the late 1700s, which was expanded by Herman
Hollerith with his keypunch inventions in the late 1800s and the beginning of the 1900s.
In 1832, Pavel Schilling invented the first electrical telegraph and to send Morse code messages over a line,
allowing for a single key to be used. Later in 1846, a printing telegraph was patented by Royal Earl House,
which used 28 piano-style keys. The keys made it easy to send messages by representing each letter in
the alphabet. In 1874, the Baudot code was invented by Emile Baudot; later, it was extended by Donald
Murray (inventor of thetelegraphic typewriter). Charles Krum helped invent the teleprinter by working to
continue on Frank Pearne that was developed from 1902 to 1918. In August 1907, he filed patent U.S.
patent 862,402. Also, he filed patent 888,335 in May 1908, and patent 1,286,351 in May 1910.
Early computers with keyboards
After many years, in 1964, the introduction of Multics and video display terminals (VDTs), which enabled
users to see typing on the screen what they are typing.
The DataPoint 3300 began to ship by the Computer Terminal Corporation in 1969. It was the first computer
terminal designed to replace the teleprinter. Some other versions of this terminal were also introduced as
well as HP 2600A, DEC, and VT06. The DataPoint 3300 was a terminal that was able to move the cursor
using arrow keys, and it used a screen display to show typed text. Also, it had the ability to clear all text on
the screen.
At the beginning of the 1970s, keyboards began to use what we use today. Those keyboards were heavy
mechanical or reconstructed electric typewriters from companies such as IBM. Apple, Radio Shack, and
Commodore introduced their computers in the late 1970s that come included keyboards. Later, IBM PC and
the Model F keyboard introduced by IBM in August 1981.

The Model M keyboard was introduced by IBM in 1986, which contained function keys like today's keyboards
have across the top of the keyboard. The Model M is still considered a high keyboard as it has a standard US
layout with 101-key, which is used for full-sized keyboards today. It is also designed for windows keyboards
that have 104-key with the Menu keys and windows keys.
Since IBM introduced the Model M keyboard, many changes have been in the keyboard that is in use today.
A membrane helps to manufacturer computer keyboards easily and reduce manufacturing costs.
Furthermore, the membrane keyboard makes the keyboard lighter, thinner, and quieter as compared to the
first mechanical keyboards.
PARTS OF KEYBOARD AND EACH
FUNCTIONS
 BELOW ARE THE MOST PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE COMPUTER KEYBOARD THAT
COMMONLY USED

A computer keyboard is used to enter commands of the computer like the laptop and Personal Computer.
This device of a computer works as one of the main parts because it works to create a different command
that will enter by pressing different keys accordingly by a user.

There are different keyboards, but the computer keyboard is usually designed as Qwerty with different types
like the PS/2 and the USB type keyboard. With this type, there are different parts or a major part that we
need to know, including the different keys it's of this major function.

1. MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE KEYBOARDS

These are the 5 major functions, these are the Function keys (All F keys), Alphanumeric keys, 9 Special keys,
Cursor keys (Arrow), and the numeric keypad.

2. COMPOSITION OF ALPHANUMERIC CHARACTER

The biggest part of the PC keyboard, it is the letters from A-Z, numeric numbers from 0-9, characters are
symbols and punctuation, and the special keys.

3. SYMBOLS, PUNCTUATION, AND SPECIAL KEYS BELONG TO ALPHANUMERIC CHARACTER

These are the symbols and punctuation both located in upper and lower cases. And the special keys
position left bottom and the right side of this part.
THESE ARE BOTH SYMBOLS AND
PUNCTUATION
KEYS : NAME  FUNCTIONS
 ~  TILDE  This serves to indicate different pronunciations like Sto. Niñ0, in mathematical numbers, is
used to describe a range of properties, like 220~240 volts of wall outlet standard voltage.
  `  ACCENT GRAVE This is used for the stressed vowel of the last letter of the multivoxel word. Accent grave
!  EXCLAMATORY It is used for uttering forceful feelings and also use for coding language purposes.
POINT
 @  at sign It's a replacement of a word and commonly used for an email address after the name or in
between of email name and the email provider., ex. [email protected]
 #  hashtag This symbol is describing a number to follow and describe as no., it is also used of other
social media to describe a keyword or a topic within your post. 
$  Currency Symbol This is used to denote a monetary value or money, in the keyboard, you will see the dollar
symbol.
 %  Percentage It is used in mathematical operations as a division property of a whole number. It's a division
of 100, example 5% can be divided into 5/100 is equal to 0.05
 ^  Caret This key found at the top of 6 numbers and it is used to indicate an exponent in mathematical
operations.
 &  and sign or Use to describe the word and, the ancient name is the ampersand. This is used also for
ampersand coding language like Visual Basic.
 *  Asterisk This used to express Mathematical operations of Multiplication instead of using X in a
spreadsheet application. And also use of coding language.
 (  Open Paren thesis This is mainly used to separate a sentence or a word that is different from the meaning of a
word or sentence. It is also for the spreadsheet application like the IF function of Microsoft
Excel. 
 )  Close Paren Thesis This is mainly used to separate a sentence or a word that is different from the meaning of a
word or sentence. It is also for the spreadsheet application like the IF function of Microsoft
Excel. 
 -  Dash In Mathematical operations dash is the minus
 KEYS NAMES  FUNCTIONS 
=  Equal It's used to show a result of calculations, in a spreadsheet application, it is the first to type
before the logical formula.
 {  Curly brackets It is used to enclose a group of statements. And in other coding languages, its use to enclose a
variable.
}  Curly Brackets It is used to enclose a group of statements. And in other coding languages, its use to enclose a
variable. 
 [ ]  Square Brackets In writing its denotes error, in Mathematical operations, it used to enclose integer numbers.
 :  Colon In URL it's the use of the end of HTTP, and use to describe a drive of computer storage, like C:
 ;  Semi-Colon In programming language used to describe the end of the instructions. In other use, this serves
as equal or use to separate two sentences that have the same equal. 
 |  Pipe or Vertical Bar It is also used to separate a combination word, in a command like MS-DOS it is used as a
separator.
 \  Back Slash In a command like MS-DOS, it is used as a separator indicates as a directory or a folder. 
 "  Double Quotation It is used to enclose a group of text that use to describe as a sentence or a quote, like the
Mark remarks. Example in MS-Excel, =if (d4>100, "very high","very low")
 '  Single Quotation Use to quote within a quotation, ex. Philippines President said, 'I hate drugs'. In other
Mark programming languages, it is used to describe lateral strings.
 <  Less Than Use to compare numbers that lower to other numbers in Mathematical calculations, like 5 < 10
 >  Greater Thank  Use to compare numbers that higher to other numbers in Mathematical calculations, like 10 > 5
 , Comma Its a punctuation mark describes in programming as an operator or instruction. This is used also
to indicate thousands and logical operations it's used to separate logical tests and the value. 
. Period This is used to indicate the end of a sentence or a full stop of a paragraph. In MS-DOS it
indicates a parent directory.
? Question Mark It indicates a question, need to answer. And in the browser, it indicates a web address.
/ Forward Slash In Mathematical operations, it is used as a division symbol and separator of an item of
command in MS-DOS.
SPECIAL KEYS BELONG TO ALPHANUMERIC
CHARACTER:
KEYS NAME FUNCTIONS
 TAB   Tabulator  This is the indention key for the document and the tabulator of the windows.
 Caps Lock  Capital Letter  For the capital letter of a document during writing.
Lock
 Shift  Shift key There are 2 shift keys, this is the use for single upper keys during writing.
 CTRL  Control key There are 2 control keys, use of partner-specific keys to function another
command, see the images above or the link here: 16 CONTROL KEYS
 Windows Flying Windows  This is used to open or customize the start menu of the desktop.
Logo key
 ALT  Alternate key There are 2 ALT Keys, This is used to partner the numeric keypad and other
special keys to function another specific command like the character map or
other symbols of computer application.
 Spacebar  spacebar This is used to give a space between letters and words or use to indent a
character in a document at the specific size of 0.1 inches
Desktop Desktop This is used to open the backdoor command, just like a right-click of the mouse
Property Property Key in the blank of desktop or in a template of application.
Key
Backspace Backspace This is used to erase a character position on the left side.
Enter key Enter key Use as to accept any command.
4. 9 SPECIAL
KEYS:
KEYS NAME FUNCTIONS
Print Screen Print Screen This is used to print the current screen image of the computer or
SysRq System called screenshots.
Request
Scroll Lock Scroll Lock This is used to lock all the scrolling techniques that are meant to scroll
the windows instead of moving the cursor.
Pause Break Pause Break In multimedia, this is used to pause the movie and in command
applications like in MS-DOS, this is used to break the command.
Insert Insert It is used to overtype or insert a text or overwrites a text with the
current location.
Home Home This is used to move or jump the cursor on the keyboard at the
beginning of a line of a paragraph.
End End This is used to move or jump the cursor on the keyboard at the end of
a line of a paragraph.
Page up Page up This is used to rolling up a page of a document going up.
Page down Page down This is used to rolling down a page of a document going down.
Delete Delete This is used to erase a character position on the right side.
5. CURSOR KEYS
These are the four arrows at the right side of your keyboard that it is used to navigate the
environment or the user interface of the program or in any games.

6. NUMERIC KEYS OR NUMERIC KEYPAD

There are two uses of this part, once the number lock is pressed. The numbers will function, and once
it off (No light indicator at the top of the number lock) it is used only for special keys like the cursor
keys.

KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
Control Keys in Computer A-Z ➨ Control Key Shortcuts; List of A to Z computer shortcut keys for Microsoft
Windows 
In computer, a Control key is a modifier key which, when pressed in conjunction with another key, performs
a certain action.
The Control key rarely performs any function when pressed by itself.
The Control key is located on or near the bottom left side of most keyboards (in accordance with the
international standard ISO/IEC 9995-2), with many featuring an additional one at the bottom right.
It is usually labelled Ctrl.
 CTRL KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
Ctrl is used in keyboard shortcut key such as the three finger salute or Ctrl + Alt + Del.
This key combination suggests pressing and holding down the Ctrl, Alt, and Del keyboard keys to open the Task
Manager or reboot the computer.

List of Control Key Shortcuts

Ctrl+A These two keys will select all text or other Ctrl+L Select address bar in a browser or left align text in
objects. a word processor.
Ctrl+B Bold highlighted text. Ctrl+M Indent selected text in word processors and
Ctrl+C Copy any selected text or another object. other programs.
Ctrl+D Bookmark an open web page or open font Ctrl+N Create a new page or document.
window in Microsoft Word. Ctrl+O Open a file in most programs.
Ctrl+E Center text. Ctrl+P Open a print window to print the page you're
Ctrl+F Open find window. viewing.
Ctrl+G Open Find in a browser and word processors. Ctrl+R Reload page in browser or right align text in a
Ctrl+H Open the Find and Replace in Notepad, word processor.
Microsoft Word, and WordPad Ctrl+S Save the document or file.
Ctrl+I Italicize text. Ctrl+T Create a new tab in an Internet browser or adjust
Ctrl+J View downloads in browsers and set justify tabs in word processors.
alignment in Microsoft Word. Ctrl+U Underline selected text.
Ctrl+K Create a hyperlink for the highlighted text in Ctrl+V Paste any text or another object that has been
Microsoft Word and many HTML editors. copied.
Ctrl+W Close open tab in a browser or close a Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ Previous window or tab
document in Word. Ctrl+← Previous word
Ctrl+X Cut selected text or another object. Ctrl+→ Next word
Ctrl+Y These keys will redo any undo action. Ctrl+Delete Delete next word
Ctrl+End Moves cursor to the end of a document Ctrl+← Backspace Delete previous word
instead of end of the line. Ctrl+Alt+← Backspace Restart X11
Ctrl+Z Pressing these two keys will undo any action. Ctrl+Alt+↑ Rotate screen right-side up
Ctrl+Esc Open the Windows Start Menu. Ctrl+Alt+↓ Rotate screen upside down
Ctrl+Tab Switch between open tabs in browsers or Ctrl+Alt+← Rotate screen left
other tabbed programs. Ctrl+Alt+→ Rotate screen right
Ctrl+Shift+Tab Will go backwards (right to left). Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Esc Open task manager
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Z Redo Ctrl+Alt+Del Reboot; Open task manager or session
Ctrl+[ Decrease font size options
Ctrl+] Increase font size
Ctrl+= Toggle font subscript
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+= Toggle font superscript
Ctrl+End Bottom (end of document or window)
Ctrl+Home Top (start of document or window)
Ctrl+Insert Copy
Ctrl+PgDn Next tab
Ctrl+PgUp Previous tab
Ctrl+Tab ↹ Next window or tab
 Shortcut Keys And Their Functions: Some Commonly Shortcut Keys and their Functions: Below is a listing
Used Computer Short Cut Keys Are Documented Below. of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Word.
Short-cut Keys and their Descriptions Shortcut Keys and their Descriptions

Alt + F: File menu options in current program. Ctrl + A: Select all contents of the page.
Alt + E: Edit options in current program Ctrl + B: Bold highlighted selection.
F1: Universal Help in almost every Windows program. Ctrl + C: Copy selected text.
Ctrl + A: Select all text. Ctrl + X: Cut selected text.
Ctrl + X: Cut Ctrl + P: Open the print window.
Shift + Del: Cut selected item. Ctrl + F: Open find box.
Ctrl + C: Copy selected item. Ctrl + I: Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + Ins: Copy selected item. Ctrl + K: Insert link (Shortcut Keys and their Functions)
Ctrl + V: Paste selected item. .
Shift + Ins: Paste. Ctrl + U: Underline highlighted selection.
Home: Goes to beginning of current line. Ctrl + V: Paste.
Ctrl + Home: Goes to beginning of document. Ctrl + Y: Redo the last action performed.
End: Goes to end of current line. Ctrl + Z: Undo last action.
Ctrl + End: Goes to end of document. Ctrl + L: Aligns the line or selected text to the left of
Shift + Home: Highlights from current position to the screen.
beginning of line. Ctrl + E: Aligns the line or selected text to the center
Shift + End: Highlights from current position to end of of the screen.
line. Ctrl + R: Aligns the line or selected text to the right of
Ctrl + Left arrow: Moves one word to the left at a time. the screen.
Ctrl + Right arrow: Moves one word to the right at a time. Ctrl + M: Indent the paragraph.
 Shortcut Keys and their Functions: Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Word.
Shortcut Keys and their Descriptions

Ctrl + Shift + F: Change the font. Ctrl + 1: Single-space lines.

Ctrl + Shift + >: Increase selected font +1pts up to 12pt Ctrl + 2: Double-space lines
and then increases font +2pts. Ctrl + 5: 1.5-line spacing.
Ctrl + ]: Increase selected font +1pts. Ctrl + Alt + 1: Changes text to heading 1.
Ctrl + Shift + <: Decrease selected font -1pts if 12pt or Ctrl + Alt + 2: Changes text to heading 2.
lower, if above 12 decreases font by +2pt. Ctrl + Alt + 3: Changes text to heading 3.
Ctrl + [: Decrease selected font -1pts. Alt + Shift + D: Insert the current date.
Ctrl + Shift + *: View or hide non printing characters. Alt + Shift + T: Insert the current tim
Ctrl + L: Moves one word to the left.
Ctrl + R: Moves one word to the right.
Ctrl + : Moves to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
Ctrl + : Moves to the end of the paragraph.
Ctrl + Del: Deletes word to right of cursor.
Ctrl + Backspace: Deletes word to left of cursor.
Ctrl + End: Moves the cursor to the end of the document.
Ctrl + Home: Moves the cursor to the beginning of the
document.
Ctrl + Spacebar: Reset highlighted text to the default font.
In addition to the above shortcut keys users can also use their mouse as a method of quickly do something
commonly performed.
Below some are examples of mouse shortcuts.
Mouse shortcuts and their Descriptions
Click, hold, and drag: Selects text from where you click and hold to the point you drag and let go.
Double-click: If double-click a word, selects the complete word.
Double-click: Double-clicking on the left, center, or right of a blank line will make the alignment of the text left,
center, or right aligned.
Double-click: Double-clicking anywhere after text on a line will set a tab stop.
Triple-click: Selects the line or paragraph of the text the mouse triple-clicked.
Ctrl + Mouse wheel: Zooms in and out of document (Shortcut Keys and their Functions).
Here's the full list of keyboard short-cuts for Windows 10 - all the Windows 10 keyboard shortcuts you need to
know
Keyboard shortcut → Action
Windows key → Open or close Start Menu.
Windows key + A → Open Action center.
Windows key + C → Open Cortana in listening mode.
Windows key + D → Display or hide the desktop.
Windows key + E → Open File Explorer.
Windows key + G → Open Game bar when a game is open.
Windows key + H → Open the Share charm.
Windows key + I → Open Settings.
Windows key + K → Open the Connect quick action.
Windows key + L → Lock your PC or switch accounts.
Windows key + M → Minimize all windows.
Windows key + R → Open Run dialog box.
Windows key + S → Open Search.
Windows key + U → Open Ease of Access Center.
Windows key + X → Open Quick Link menu.
Windows key + Number → Open the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.
Windows key + Left arrow key → Snap app windows left.
Windows key + Right arrow key → Snap app windows right.
Windows key + Up arrow key → Maximize app windows.
Windows key + Down arrow key → Minimize app windows.
Windows key + Comma → Temporarily peek at the desktop. Alt + Page down → Move down one screen.
Windows key + Ctrl + D → Add a virtual desktop. Ctrl + Alt +Tab → View open apps
Windows key + Ctrl + Left or Right arrow → Switch between Ctrl + C → Copy selected items to clipboard.
virtual desktops. Ctrl + X → Cut selected items.
Windows key + Ctrl + F4 → Close current virtual desktop. Ctrl + V → Paste content from clipboard.
Windows key + Enter → Open Narrator. Ctrl + A → Select all content.
Windows key + Home → Minimize all but the active Ctrl + Z → Undo an action.
desktop window (restores all windows on second stroke). Ctrl + Y → Redo an action.
Windows key + PrtScn → Capture a screenshot and save in Ctrl + D → Delete the selected item and
Screenshots folder. move it to the Recycle Bin.
Windows key + Shift + Up arrow → Stretch the desktop Ctrl + Esc → Open the Start Menu.
window to the top and bottom of the screen. Ctrl + Shift → Switch the keyboard layout.
Windows key + Tab → Open Task view. Ctrl + Shift + Esc → Open Task Manager.
Windows key + "+" key → Zoom in using the magnifier. Ctrl + F4 → Close the active window.
Windows key + "-" key → Zoom out using the magnifier.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc → Open Task Manager.
Alt + Tab → Switch between open apps.
Alt + Left arrow key → Go back.
Alt + Right arrow key → Go forward.
Alt + Page Up → Move up one screen.
 20 Microsoft Word Shortcut Keys
•Ctrl+W → Close the active window / document.
•Ctrl+Z → Undo an action.
•Ctrl+Y → Redo the last action or repeat an action.
•Ctrl+S → Save a document.
•Ctrl+P → Print a document.
•Ctrl+K → Insert a hyperlink.
•Alt+Left → Arrow Go back one page.
•Alt+Right → Arrow Go forward one page.
•Ctrl+C → Copy selected text or graphics to the Office Clipboard.
•Ctrl+V → Paste the most recent addition to the Office Clipboard.
•Ctrl+Shift+A → Format all letters as capitals.
•Ctrl+B → Applies or removes bold formatting.
•Ctrl+I → Applies or removes italic formatting.
••Ctrl+= → Apply subscript formatting (automatic spacing).
Alt, F, A → Save As.
•Alt, S, T, I → Insert Table of Contents.
•
Alt, S, T, R → Remove Table of Contents.
•Alt, W, F → Full Screen Reading – View > Document Views > Full Screen Reading.
•Alt, W, R → Ruler. View > Show/Hide > Ruler.
•Alt, F, X → Exit Word.
 Keyboard Function Keys
Keyboard Function Keys: A function key is a key on a computer or on the computer keyboard which can be
programmed so as to cause an operating system program to perform certain actions.
The function keys are arranged at the top of your keyboard numbered across from F1 to F12 and are
commonly referred to as F keys or FN keys.
The keys provide some interesting shortcuts for common computer functions that can be useful tools in
everyday computing.

F2
The keys are frequently used in combination
with other keys such as the CTRL key, the
ALT key, and the SHIFT key.
F1
F1 is mostly used as the help key. Almost
every program will open the help screen
when this key is pressed.

Windows Key + F1 would open the Microsoft Windows help and support centre.
Opens the Task Pane.
Note: The Windows key has the Microsoft flag logo on it and is located between the CTRL and ALT keys on the
keyboard.
In Windows commonly used to rename a highlighted Keyboard Function Keys - F5
icon or file.
Pressing F5 will refresh or reload the page or
Alt + Ctrl + F2 opens a new document in Microsoft Word. document window - This can be a handy shortcut
Ctrl + F2 displays the print preview window in Microsoft Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft
Word. Word.
F3 Starts a slideshow in PowerPoint.
Often opens a search feature for many programs
F6
including Microsoft Windows.
This key is often used to move the cursor to the
Shift + F3 will change the text in Microsoft Word from Address bar Mozilla Firefox or Internet Explorer.
upper to lower case or a capital letter at the beginning
Ctrl + Shift + F6 opens to another open Microsoft
of every word.
Word document.
F4
F7
Opens find window.
Commonly used to spell check and grammar check a
Repeat the last action performed - for Word 2000+ document in Microsoft programs such as Microsoft
Word, Outlook, etc.
Alt + F4 will close the open Window that you are
currently working on. Shift + F7 runs a Thesaurus check on the word
highlighted.
Ctrl + F4 will close the open window within the current
active window in Microsoft Windows. Turns on Caret browsing in Mozilla Firefox.
F8
The F8 key can be used to access Safe Mode if pressed during the computer's boot up process.
F9
Opens the Measurements tool bar in Quark 5.0.
F10
F10 is the key that is used to activate the menu bar in many programs. F10 can be used to highlight the
first menu choice, and then use the arrow keys to move around the menus.
Shift + F10 is the same as right-clicking on a highlighted icon, file, or Internet link.
Keyboard Function Keys - F11

Full-screen mode in all modern Internet browsers - Pressing F11 when you are working in Internet Explorer
will open the window to full screen mode. All the tool bars disappears making it possible to see more
information on the screen. Pressing F11 when you are in full screen mode will toggle you back to your
normal view.
F12
Open a new document in Microsoft Word
Open the Save as dialog box in Microsoft Word.
Shift + F12 save the Microsoft Word document.
Ctrl + Shift + F12 prints a document in Microsoft Word.
 Keyboarding Techniques
Proper Posture and Technique

 Sit up straight
 Feet flat on the floor
 Body centered in front of the computer
 Elbows naturally by side
 Fingers curved
 Wrists low, but not touching the keyboard
 Quick, snappy strokes
 Quick down and in motion of the thumb
 Right pinky used for the enter key; other fingers remain on the home row
 Use the appropriate pinky for each shift key
 Examine the keyboard carefully to form a mental picture of the layout. (You will memorize
the entire keyboard.)
 Keep your eyes on the copy (what you are typing from, not the keyboard and your fingers)
 Place your fingers on the center of each key with the fingers slightly curved
 Strike keys firmly and release them quickly
 Do not worry about correcting errors when working on building speed
 Keyboarding Techniques: Finger assignments & Proper Home
Case
Where should fingers be placed on the keyboard?

The information below shows you where your hands should be positioned, and the proper way to place
your fingers to type letters, numbers, and special characters efficiently.

Your left-hand fingers should be placed over the A, S, D, and F keys, and the right-hand fingers should be
placed over the J, K, L, and ; keys. These keys are considered the home row keys. Your thumbs should
either be in the air or very lightly touching the spacebar key.
 What fingers press each key on the keyboard?
Below is a list of the home row keys, the finger used, and the keys the thumb (spacebar) presses.

A key S key F key

The left pinky (little) finger is placed The left ring finger is placed over the " The left index finger is placed
over the "A" key and is also S" key and is also responsible for the over the "F" key and is also
responsible for the second most keys following keys. responsible for the following
on the keyboard, including the keys.
• 2 and when pressing Shift, the "@"
following keys.
(at sign) • 4 and when pressing Shift,
• "`" (back quote) and when pressing • W the "$" (dollar sign)
Shift, the "~" (tilde) • S • 5 and when pressing Shift,
• 1 and when pressing Shift, the "!" • X the "%" (percent)
(exclamation mark) • R
• Tab D key • T
• Q The left middle finger is placed over • F
• Caps Lock the "D" key and is also responsible for • G
• A the following keys. • V
• Left Shift • B
• Left Ctrl • 3 and when pressing Shift, the "#"
• Z (hash)
• Fn key • E
• D
• C
J key
The right index finger is placed over the "J" key
and is also responsible for the following keys.
• 6 and when pressing Shift, the "^" (caret)
• 7 and when pressing Shift, the "&"
(ampersand)
• Y L key
• U The right ring finger is placed over the "L" key and is also
• H responsible for the following keys.
• J • 9 and when pressing Shift, the "(" (left or
• N open parenthesis)
• M • O
• L
K key • "." (period) and when pressing Shift, the ">" (greater
The right ring middle finger is placed over the "K" than)
key and is also responsible for the following keys.
• 8 and when pressing Shift, the "*" (asterisk)
• I
• K
• , (comma) and when pressing Shift, the "<"
(less than)
; (semicolon) key Spacebar
The right pinky (little) finger is placed over the ";" key and is Both thumbs are placed over the spacebar
also responsible for the most keys on the keyboard, and may also be used for the following keys.
including the following keys.
Note: Most people find it awkward to not lift
• 0 and when pressing Shift, the ")" (right or their hands away from the home row to press
close parenthesis) these keys.
• P • Alt keys
• ";" (semicolon) and when pressing Shift, the ":" (colon) • Windows key
• "/" (forward slash) and when pressing the Shift, the "?" • Option key
(question mark)
The remaining keyboard keys not listed
"-" (hyphen) and when pressing Shift, the "_" (underscore)
• [ (left or open bracket) and when pressing Shift, the "{" above are not necessarily assigned to a
specific finger for pressing them. Instead,
(left or open curly bracket)
• ' (single quote) and when pressing Shift, the " (quote) you can use whichever finger is easiest or
• Right Shift most comfortable for reaching and pressing
• "=" (equals sign) and when pressing Shift, the "+" (plus those keys.
sign)
• "]" (right or close bracket) and when pressing Shift, the "}
" (right or close curly bracket)
• Backspace or Delete
• "\" (backslash) and when pressing Shift, the "|" (pipe)
• Enter
• Right Ctrl
How many fingers should be on the home Other keyboard safety tips
row?
While keeping your palms raised while typing, there are also
With the four fingers of both hands on other tips you can follow to help prevent carpal tunnel and pain
the home row, there should be a total of eight while you type. Keep the following suggestions in mind every
fingers positioned over the home row. time you type.
Note: Most don't consider the thumbs " Keep your keyboard home row height as close to elbow level
fingers." However, both thumbs should also as possible.
be hovering over the spacebar.
• Center the spacebar with your body.
Should my palms be resting, or should they • Do not angle or bend your wrists. While typing, keep your
be raised? wrists elevated and as straight as possible.
When typing, your palms should be raised • Avoid hunt-and-peck typing as it causes strain on the neck
and not resting on any surface, including from having to look down at the keyboard often.
a wrist pad, and held at a 10 to 30-degree • Don't use more force than needed to press the keys; you
angle. Raising or lowering your wrists too don't want to hit the keys, as it could lead to keyboard
much in either direction or resting them while damage.
typing can cause stress and lead to carpal • When you're not typing, make sure to rest your arms and
tunnel syndrome. hands. However, never rest your arms, hands, or wrist on a
sharp edge.
• Take a break from typing every 20 to 30 minutes. If you
have a hard time remembering when to take a break, set a
timer or drink lots of water, forcing you to go to the
bathroom more often.
 HOME ROW KEYS How to position fingers on home row keys
The middle row or home row keys are the row of keys
on the computer keyboard your fingers rest on when
not typing. For example, on the
standard QWERTY United States keyboard, the home
A, S, D, and F  and your
row keys for your left hand are 
right hand J, K, l, and ; (semicolon)
are  . For both
hands, the thumbs rest on the spacebar. By
positioning your hands correctly on the home row
keys, you can memorize where all other keys on the
keyboard are located.

As seen in the above picture, your hands should

lay naturally on the middle row of keys (home row
keys) of the keyboard. Your left-hand index finger
should be on the letter "F." Your right-hand index
NoteThis row of keys is also sometimes referred to
finger should be on the letter "J." Both thumbs
as the middle row keys.
should be on the spacebar.
Why should fingers be placed on home row keys?
Placing your fingers on the home row keys helps increase your typing speed because it allows easy access to all
other keys surrounding those fingers. Faster typing relies on each finger pressing specific keys that are nearby,
without having to move your whole hand or other fingers and ideally without looking at the keyboard.
What are all the keys accessible on the home row?
In addition to the keys your fingers are positioned over. Your left index finger is also used to press the G key, and
your left pinky presses the Caps Lock key. Your right hand index finger also presses the H key, and your right pinky
presses the ' (single quote) and Enter. Also, pressing and holding the left Shift while pressing the ; key allows you to
type a : (colon) and pressing ' types a " (quote).

How many letters and keys are on the home row keys?

How many letters on home row keys How many total keys are on the keyboard home row keys
On a QWERTY keyboard, there are nine letters (A, If you count all keys on the home row, there are a total of 13
S, D, F, G, H, J, K, and L) on the home row. On a keys. Keys on the home row that are not letters include
Dvorak keyboard, there are ten letters A, O, E, U, I, the Caps Lock key, semicolon and colon key, single
D, H, T, N, and S on the home row. quote and quote key, and the Enter key.
What are the home row keys of the numeric keypad?
The home row keys of the numeric keypad are 4, 5, and 6. To position your hand on the home row keys of the numeric keypad,
place your right hand index finger on the number four. Your right hand middle finger should then naturally lay on the number five,
the ring finger should be on the number four, and your pinky should be on the plus symbol.
What are the rows above and below the home row keys?
The row above the home row keys is called the top row keys and the row below the home row keys is called the bottom row keys.