Business Mathematics- SHS Grade 11

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DIFFERENT KINDS OF PROPORTIONS

Introduction
Ratio and proportions are fundamental concepts that you should be aware of. Real-
life applications of these are significant in our day-to-day activities especially in making
decisions. In this Learner’s Packet, you will encounter real life applications of different types
of proportions.

Learning Competencies
Identify the different kinds of proportions and write examples of real-life situations for
each.

Activities

Let’s start!

Learning Activities
Before we proceed to proportion, let’s recall first ratio. This concept will surely help
you understand our lesson.

Learning Situation 1

A football team won 8 games and lost 2 games. Find each of the following ratios.
1. Wins to losses  8:2
2. Losses to wins  2:8
3. Wins to total games  8:10
4. Losses to total games  10

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 Ratio

Ratio is the comparison of two quantities by division.

The ratio of a to b can be written in two ways:

A. As a:b, (odd notation) where the symbol “:” is read as “is to”
a
B. , b ¿ 0 (fractional notation)
b

From the learning situation 1, notice that the expression 8:2 (read as eight is to two),
8
2 , 8  2, indicate ratios. Let us also remember that the notion of ratio is the same as the
use of fractions in business. In this case 8:2 can also be written as 4:1

Learning Situation 2

Joy and Irene are Facebook users. Joy has 2500 followers while Irene has 3000
followers. What is the ratio of Joy’s followers against Irene’s followers?

Solution:

Joy:Irene = 2500:3000 = 25:30 = 5:6 or

2500 25 5
= =
3000 30 6

In learning situation 2, you can notice that it can be reduced to its lowest term. It’s
important to note that we handle ratios the way we handle fractions.

Since you are done with ratio, let’s proceed to proportion!

Can you identify below which ratios are equal?

16 4
and
1. 8 : 15 and 1 : 2 2. 20 5
If you think number 2 has the ratios which are equal then you are correct!

A proportion is an equation that states that two ratios are equal. It

can be written in two ways:
 two equal fractions
a c
=
.
b d , b≠0 and d≠0
 Using a colon
a :b=c : d
In these proportions, a and d are the extremes ; b and c are the
means.

RO_Business_Mathematics_Grade 11_Q3_LP 3 2
Example:

Remember!

For all real numbers a, b, c, and d where b≠0 , d≠0 That is, the
product of the extremes equals the product of the means.

Here’s How
20×4=16×5
In the example above, 80=80
Notice that the product of the means and the product of the extremes are equal.
Expressing the proportion above as fractions we have,
16 4
16 : 20=4 : 5→ =
20 5
Cross multiplication is the same as multiplying the means (20 and 4) and multiplying
the extremes (16 and 5).

Direct, Inverse, and Partitive Proportions

You already know the relationship of different quantities by understanding ratio and
proportion. Now, let’s dig deeper by exploring the different types of proportion. As we
venture, you will get to know more practical applications about these types.

Direct Proportion
Two values x and y are said to be directly proportional to each other when x and y
will either increase or decrease together, such that when one increases, the other increases
or when one decreases, the other decreases as well.

Breads are a staple in Filipino household. However, as a consumer do you wonder

why you must pay more for a bag of your favorite bread? Bakers would answer that the
increase of the price was due to the increase of its ingredients. This scenario simply shows a

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 direct relationship between the price of ingredients and the price of the product. Now, let’s try
to encounter more situations with direct proportion.
Learning Situation 3

Consider this problem:

If 6 bags cost P 4,200.00, then how much will 12 bags cost?

Take a look at the amount of the bags above.

Have you noticed that the greater the number of bags
you buy, the higher the total cost?

Let’s set up the ratio!

Solution:
number of bags 6 12
= = →6 x=12( 4200)
total cost 4200 x
x  8400
Therefore, 12 bags cost P 8400.00
Notice that if quantity of bags increases, the cost also increases

Inverse Proportion
Two values x and y are inversely proportional to each other such that if x increases, y
decreases or if x decreases, y increases.
Let’s consider the rectangle below.

Do you still remember the formula in finding the area of a rectangle? Let’s analyze
the quantities. A 5 cm×4 cm rectangle has an area of 20 cm2. As the length of one side
doubles, the width has to be halved for the area to be the same. If the 5-cm side becomes
10-cm (doubled) and the 4-cm side becomes 2-cm (halved), 10 cm×2 cm is still equal to
20 cm2.

Using our rectangle above, we have an equation, 5cm×4cm=10cm×2cm=20cm2

, y is inversely
proportional to x. Doubling x causes y to halve. The product of x and y is always 20.

HERE’S HOW

5 cm=
20 cm2 5cm 2 cm 5cm(4cm)  10cm(2cm)
4 cm =
2
10 cm 4cm
20 cm
10 cm=
RO_Business_Mathematics_Grade 5cm(4cm
11_Q3_LP 3 )=10cm(2cm)
4
2
20 cm2 =20 cm 2
 l1 w1=l2 w 2

Learning Situation 4

It takes 15 days for 2 construction workers to build a house.

How many workers are needed to complete the job in 6 days?

Solution:
15 days n( wor ker s )
= → 15( 2)=6 x → 6 x=30
6 days 2 wor ker s
x=5
Therefore, 5 workers are needed to complete the job in 6 days.
The no. of days to complete the job is inversely proportional to the number of
construction workers.

Partitive Proportion

Learning Situation 5
This proportion involves identifying parts of a whole based on a given ratio of these
parts.

If Laura wants to give P3,000.00 to her three children in the ratio of 1:2:3 for their
weekend allowance, how much will each of the three children receive?

Solution:
1(500)=500
2(500)=1000
3(500 )=1500
Therefore, the three children will receive P500.00, P1000.00, P1500.00 respectively.

RO_Business_Mathematics_Grade 11_Q3_LP 3 5
 In this learning situation, the total amount of weekend allowance is partitioned into
ratio 1:2:3, thus making use of partitive proportion. Applying the concept, the three children
will receive 500, 1000, and 1500 weekend allowance from Laura.

Learning Situation 6

A tailoring shop needs to finish 1840 blouses of 4 different colors, green, blue,
yellow, and red in the ratio 1:1:2:4. How many green blouses must be finished?
Solution: 1+1+ 2+ 4=8 green=1(230)=230
1840 blue=1(230 )=230
=230 yellow=2(230)=460
8
red=4 (230)=920
Therefore, given the ratio 1:1:2:4, we have 230 green blouses, 230 blue
blouses, 460 yellow blouses, and 920 red blouses.

Practice Tasks
Practice Task 1
Read and analyze the problems carefully.
1. A recipe calls for 5 cups of sugar for 9 cups of water. How many cups of water will be
needed for 35 cups of sugar?
2. It takes Andrei 30 minutes to burn 240 calories in a treadmill. How long will it take for
Andrei to burn 280 calories?

Practice Task 2:
Read and analyze the problems carefully.
1. Five club officers want to go camping and they pack enough water to last for 12 days.
Just as they are about to leave, they are joined by 5 more officers. How long will their
water last?
2. The action research takes 100 days to complete if 3 people work on it. How many
people are required to complete the action research in 60 days?

Practice Task 3:
Read and analyze the problems carefully.
1. Divide 1045 in the ratio 2:3:6.
2
2. Mrs. Lopez has a lot measuring 2565 m . She wants to divide it among her four
daughters in the ratio 3:2:5:5. How many square meters will each of her daughter
receive?

Evaluation
Read and answer the problems carefully.
1. The quality control team of an auto-parts manufacturing company accounted that there
are 7 defective models for every 1100 models. If the company makes 55000 models per
year, how many of them are expected to be defective?

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 2. Larra wants to save money to buy laptop, cellphone and bicycle in the ratio 5:3:7. If she
saves P 34,500.00, how much will be allocated to her cellphone?
3. The ratio of the three sides of a triangle is 2:2:5, what is the measurement of the
longest side if the perimeter of the triangle is 540 cm?
4. Four pipes are required to fill a tank in 45 minutes. How long will it take to fill a tank if 6
pipes of the same type are used?
5. A loaded truck travels 12 km in 20 minutes. If the speed remains the same, how far can
it travel in 4 hours?

Answer Key
Practice Task 1 Practice Task 2
1.63 cups of sugar 1. 6 days
2.35 minutes 2. 5 people
Practice Task 3
1. 190;285 and 570
2 2 2 2
2. 513 m ;342m ;855 m ;855m

Reflection

I have learned that ____________________________________________________

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I wish to ask my teacher about __________________________________________

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References
1. Lopez, B., Martin-Lundag, L. and Dagal, K., 2016. Business Math (Teacher's
Manual). Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.
2. Lopez, B., Martin-Lundag, L. and Dagal, K., 2016. Business Math (Textbook).
Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.

Development Team

Writer: ROMER ELUMBA, T-I

Editors/Reviewers: PAULO C. MOJOS, T-II

MARIA ASUNCION T. BRIZUELA, T-II
REYNALDO C. CAÑEZO JR., MT-I
JULMA B.
RO_Business_Mathematics_Grade 11_Q3_LP 3 7 CARGULLO, MT-I
DIOLETA B. BORAIS, EPS 1 MATHEMATICS