PATTADAKAL
• Pattadakal, also
called Paṭṭadakallu or
Raktapura, is a complex of
7th and 8th
century Hindu and Jain tem
ples in northern Karnataka.
• Located on the west bank of
the Malaprabha
River in Bagalakote district.
• The monument is a
protected site under Indian
law and is managed by
the Archaeological Survey
of India(ASI)
• Valley of red soil, city of
red
• Interaction between
Dravidian style and
Nagara style of architecture
•There are 10 major temples at Pattadakal, 9 Hindu and 1 Jain,
• 8 of the major temples are clustered together.
• The Hindu temples are all connected by a walkway,
•while the Jain temple has road access
PAPANATHA TEMPLE,
PATTADAKAL
PAPANATHA TEMPLE, PATTADAKAL
•The Papanatha temple is
situated apart from the main
cluster of eight monuments.
• It is about half kilometer to
the south of Virupaksha
•The temple is noted for its
novel mixture of Dravida, and
Nagara, Hindu temple styles .
•The unusual layout of the
temple is possibly due to its
construction, which occurred
in three stages, but there is a
lack evidence to support this.
•The decorations, parapets and some parts of the layout are Dravida in style, while
the tower and pilastered niches are of the Nagara style.
•The centre of the ceiling is decorated with an elaborate Shiva Nataraja
•. Many panels show musicians with different types of musical instruments.
PAPANATHA TEMPLE, PATTADAKAL
• General appearance – long low composition – 90’ in length with a tower at east
end too small to be in proportion to rest of building.
• The temple is longer, incorporating 2 interconnected mandapas
• This disproportion is plan has caused a disproportion in elevation.
• In terms of detailed treatments, interior presents massive solid character in walls
and pillars suggesting a rock art influence which is also elemental.
• • First impression of indo aryan shikara
ARDHA SABHA
MANDAPA- 4 MANDAPA-16
pillars pilllars
SANCTUM
VESTIBULE :a chamber or channel opening into another, in particular:
PAPANATHA TEMPLE, PATTADAKAL
PAPANATHA TEMPLE, PATTADAKAL
• The temple is built on a plinth of five mouldings, embellished with animal motifs,
floral designs and kudus.
• The wall surfaces are relieved with niches (devakoshthas) housing Saiva and
Vaishnava deities and depicting episodes from the Ramayana.
• The three devakoshtha pavilions house images of Siva in different forms.
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE,
PATTADAKAL
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE, PATTADAKAL
• The temple is situated at
Pattadakal, the cultural
capital of Chalukyans.
• It was built in 745 A.D. by
queen Lokamahadevi of
Vikramaditya ||
• The temple was
constructed in southern
Dravidian style.
• The prevailing deity of the
temple is Lord Shiva.
• 50 years after Papanath
•First appearance of dravidian shikara.
•is the largest and most sophisticated of the monuments at Pattadakal
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE, PATTADAKAL
• The whole temple complex is oriented in east-west axis with two massive
towers at east &west.
• As we enter the eastern gateway the first structure is the Nandi Mandapa
followed by a Sabha Mandapa (open hall) with three porches and a connecting
corridor to the Garbhagriha.
• The Virupaksha, an entry ‘Gopuram’ is ‘Gateway’ seen as a structure rising
above the porches.
Sabha mandapa
18 pillars
TOWER 1 TOWER 2
Nandi
mandapa
garba griha
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE, PATTADAKAL
•In front of the sanctum is an antarala with two small shrines within which
are facing images of Ganesha and Parvati, in her Durga aspect
as Mahishasuramardini killing the buffalo demon.
•Within the compound are smaller shrines, of which there were once 32,
based on the foundation footprint layout, but most have since been lost.
•The entrance leads to a mandapa with 18 pillars
4
1-entrance
2-mandapa
1 2 3
3-garba griha
4- antarala
4
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE, PATTADAKAL
A kalasha-like pot crowns the temple.
dravidian shikara
The top of this pot is 17.5 metres above the
temple pavement, the highest for any pre-9th
century South Indian temple.
17.5m
•When the temple is viewed from a distance the compound wall looks
as if it is the lower storey of the temple
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE, PATTADAKAL
•The sanctum walls, and also those of the nearby mandapa space, are decorated with
intricately detailed carvings. These carvings depict images of Shaivism,
Vaishnavism
•A few depict scenes from the Ramayana such as those involving golden deer,
Hanuman, Sugriva, Vali, Ravana and Jatayu bird, Sita being abducted, the struggles
of Rama and Lakshmana.
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE, PATTADAKAL
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE, PATTADAKAL
The sukanasa on the tower is large,
exceeding half the height of the
superstructure, to aid visibility from a
distance
In Papanath, canopy made up of multiples of In Virupaksha, simple charity an
a small decorative chaitya arch, grouped to arch motif is the canopy.
form a triangle.
sukanasi is an external ornamented feature over the entrance to the garbhagriha or inner shrine. It sits on the face of
the sikhara tower
GOPURAM Vimana
Gopuram is the huge Vimana refers to the
tower at the entrance of dome like structure
a temple. It serves as above the Garbha
the gateway to the Griha. It is one of the
temple complex. It is one important
of the most prominent characteristics of a
things in a temple. temple
Shikhara
It is equivalent to Vimana.
MANDAPAM
Mandapam is a
porch-like structure
through the Gopuram
and leading to the
temple. In general, it
is a pillared outdoor
hall. There are
several types of
Mandapam.
DRAVIDIAN STYLE
• Pallava (600 – 900 AD).
• Chola (900 – 1150 AD).
• Pandya (1100 – 1350 AD).
• Vijayangar (1350 – 1565 AD).
• Madura (from 1600 AD).
• PARTS OF A DRAVIDIAN
COLUMN
• PARTS OF A DRAVIDIAN
ORDER
• AMALAKA
FRUIT
EVOLUTION OF
DRAVIDIAN CAPITAL
