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Sheet 2 Vector Space - Subspace Linear Combination - Linear Dependency Span Set

1. The document contains questions about vector spaces, subspaces, linear combinations, linear dependence/independence, and span. 2. Questions involve determining if sets of vectors are subspaces, if vectors can be written as linear combinations of other vectors, and if sets of vectors are linearly dependent or span vector spaces. 3. Methods described include checking if sets satisfy properties of subspaces like containing 0 and being closed under addition and scalar multiplication, expressing vectors as combinations of other vectors, and checking if a set of vectors can generate a given vector space.

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Mohamed Alfarash
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166 views

Sheet 2 Vector Space - Subspace Linear Combination - Linear Dependency Span Set

1. The document contains questions about vector spaces, subspaces, linear combinations, linear dependence/independence, and span. 2. Questions involve determining if sets of vectors are subspaces, if vectors can be written as linear combinations of other vectors, and if sets of vectors are linearly dependent or span vector spaces. 3. Methods described include checking if sets satisfy properties of subspaces like containing 0 and being closed under addition and scalar multiplication, expressing vectors as combinations of other vectors, and checking if a set of vectors can generate a given vector space.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Alfarash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sheet 2

Vector space – subspace


Linear combination - linear dependency
Span set

1. If possible write 𝒗 as a linear combination of 𝒖𝟏, 𝒖𝟐 , 𝒖𝟑

a) 𝑢1 = (2,3,5), 𝑢2 = (1,2,4), 𝑢3 = (−2,2,3), 𝑣 = (10,1,4)


b) 𝑢1 = (1,3,5), 𝑢2 = (2, −1,3), 𝑢3 = (−3,2, −4), 𝑣 = (−1,7,2)
c) 𝑢1 = (1,1,2,2), 𝑢2 = (2,3,5,6), 𝑢3 = (−3,1, −4,2), 𝑣 = (0,5,3,0)
d) 𝑢1 = (1,3,2,1), 𝑢2 = (2, −2, −5,4), 𝑢3 = (2, −1,3,6),
𝑣 = (2,5, −4,0)

2. Determine whether the given set, together with the indicated


operation is a vector space if it is not identify at least one of the ten
vectors space axioms that fails

a) M4×6 with the standard operation


b) M1×1 with the standard operation
c) The set of all fifth degree polynomials with the standard operations
d) The set of all polynomials with the standard operations
e) The set {(x, x), x ϵ R} with the standard operations in R2 .
f) The set {(x, y), x ≥ 0, y ϵ R} with the standard operations in R2 .
a b
g) The set of all 2 × 2 matrices of the form [ ] with the
c 0
standard operations
h) The set of all 2 × 2 singular matrices with the standard
operations
i) The set of all 2 × 2 nonsingular matrices with the standard
operations
j) The set of all 2 × 2 diagonal matrices with the standard
operations
3
3. Determine whether the set w is a subspace of R with the
standard operations. Justify your answer.

a) w = {( x,0, z ), x, z  R} .
b) w = {( x1 , x2 ,7), x1 , x2  R} .
c) w = {( a, b, a + 2b), a, b  R} .
d) w = {( s, s − t , t ), s, t  R} .
e) w = {( x1 , x2 , x1 x2 ), x1 , x2  R} .
1
f) w = {( x1 , , x2 ), x1 , x2  R , x1  0} .
x1

4. Let w = { A cos x + B sin x, A, B  R } , show that w is a subspace of


R with the standard operations.

5. Let w = { A sin B x, A, B  R } , show that w is not a subspace of


R with the standard operations.

6. Verify that 𝑾 is a subspace of 𝑽 in each case , assume that 𝑽 has


the standard operations

a) 𝑊 = {(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 0), 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 𝜖 𝑅}, 𝑉 = 𝑅4


b) 𝑊 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 2𝑥 − 3𝑦), 𝑥, 𝑦 𝜖 𝑅}, 𝑉 = 𝑅3
0 𝑎
c) 𝑊 is the set of all matrices of the form [ ] , 𝑉 = 𝑀2×2
𝑏 0
𝑎 𝑏
d) 𝑊 is the set of all matrices of the form [𝑎 + 𝑏 0] , 𝑉 = 𝑀3×2
0 𝑐

7. 𝑾 is not a subspace of 𝑽 in each case , verify this by giving a


specific example that violate the test

a) 𝑊 = {(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , −1), 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝜖 𝑅}, 𝑉 = 𝑅3


b) 𝑊 is the set of all vectors in 𝑅3 whose components are nonnegative
c) 𝑊 is the set of all Matrices in 𝑀𝑛×𝑛 with zero determinants
d) 𝑊 is the set of all Matrices in 𝑀𝑛×𝑛 such that 𝐴2 = 𝐴

8. Determine whether the set 𝑊 = {𝑎 + 1, 𝑏, 3𝑎 − 4𝑏, 𝑎, 𝑏 𝜖 𝑅} is a


subspace of 𝑅3 . Prove your answer

9. Determine whether the set 𝑊 = {𝑎, 𝑏 + 2,3𝑎 − 2𝑏 − 4, 𝑎, 𝑏 𝜖 𝑅} is a


subspace of 𝑅3 . Prove your answer

1
10.Determine whether the set 𝑊 = {𝑋̅𝜖 𝑅3 , 𝐴2×3 𝑋̅ = [ ] , } subspace of
2
3
𝑅 . Prove your answer
11.Determine whether the set 𝑊 = {𝑋̅ 𝜖 𝑅𝑛 , 𝐴𝑋̅ = 𝑜̅ , } subspace of 𝑅3 .
Prove your answer

12.Determine which of the vectors 𝒖, 𝒗, 𝒘 can be written as linear


combination of the vectors in 𝑺
−1 27
e) 𝑆 = {(2, −1,3), (5,0,4)}, 𝑢 = (0, −5,7), 𝑣 = (16, , ) , 𝑤 =
2 2
(3,6, −2)
−2 2
f) 𝑆 = {(1,2, −2), (2, −1,1), 𝑢 = (1,17, −17), 𝑣 = (3, , ) , 𝑤 =
3 3
(8, −4,3)

13.Determine whether the given set 𝑺 spans 𝑹𝟐 , If the set does not
span 𝑹𝟐 , give a geometric description of the subspace it does span

k) 𝑆 = {(2,1), (−1,2)}
l) 𝑆 = {(5,0), (5, −4)}
m) 𝑆 = {(−3,5) }
n) 𝑆 = {(1,3), (−2, −6), (4,12)}

14.Determine whether the given set 𝑺 spans 𝑹𝟑 , If the set does not
span 𝑹𝟑 , give a geometric description of the subspace it does span

a) 𝑆 = {(4,7,3), (−1,2,6), (2, −3,5)}


b) 𝑆 = {(−2,5,0), (4,6,3)}
c) 𝑆 = {(1, −2,0), (0,1,1), (−1,2,0)}

15.Determine whether the given set 𝑺 is linearly independent or


dependent

a) 𝑆 = {(−2,2), (3,5)}
b) 𝑆 = {(0,0), (1, −1)}
c) 𝑆 = {(1, −4,1), (6,3,2)}
d) 𝑆 = {(1,1,1), (2,2,2), (3,3,3)}
e) 𝑆 = {(−4, −3,4), (1, −2,3), (6,0,0)}
f) 𝑆 = {(−4, −3,6,2), (1,8,3,1), (3, −2, −1,0)}

16.For which values of 𝑡 are the following sets linearly independent


a) 𝑆 = {(𝑡, 1,1), (1, 𝑡, 1), (1,1, 𝑡)}
b) 𝑆 = {(𝑡, 1,1), (1,0,1), (1,1,3𝑡)}
17.Determine whether the following set of vectors in 𝑴𝟒×𝟏 is linearly
independent or linearly dependent
1 1 0 0
a) S = {[ 0 ] , [1] , [ 3 ] , [ 1 ]}
−1 0 1 −1
0 2 −2 2

𝟐 −𝟑 𝟎 𝟓
18.Given the matrices 𝑨 = [ ],𝑩 = [ ] in 𝑴𝟐×𝟐
𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐
determine which of the following are linear combinations of 𝑨, 𝑩

6 −19 6 2
a) [ ] b) [ ]
10 7 9 11

−2 28 0 0
c) [ ] d) [ ]
1 −11 0 0

19.Determine which of the following sets in 𝑷𝟐 are linearly


independent
a) 𝑆 = {2 − 𝑥, 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 , 6 − 5𝑥 + 𝑥 2 }
b) 𝑆 = {𝑥 2 − 1,2𝑥 + 5}
c) 𝑆 = {𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1, 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1,4𝑥}
d) 𝑆 = {2 − 𝑥, 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 , 6 − 5𝑥 + 𝑥 2 }

20.By inspection, determine why each of the following sets is linearly


independent
a) 𝑆 = {(1, −2), (2,3), (−2,4)}
b) 𝑆 = {(1, −6,2), (2, −12,4)}
c) 𝑆 = {(0,0), (1,0)}

21.Determine whether the set 𝑺𝟏 and 𝑺𝟐 span the same subspace of


𝑹𝟑
𝑆1 = {(1,2, −1), (0,1,1), (2,5, −1)}, 𝑆2 = {(−2, −6,0), (1,1, −2)},

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